scholarly journals In vitro biological activity of ethanolic extracts from plants of the Meliaceae family on Diaphorina citri Kuwayama 1908 (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Victor Gabriel Almada-Ruiz ◽  
◽  
Gabriel Antonio Lugo-García ◽  
Laura Delia Ortega-Arenas ◽  
Edgar Eduardo Mendoza-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Orange Leaf ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Vitro Effect

In vitro effect of ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica seeds, Melia azedarach and Swietenia humilis (Meliaceae) were evaluated on the mortality, repellency and oviposition of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Toxicity was determined by the placement of adults and nymphs on orange leaf discs (Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia) previously sprayed or immersed in the treatments. The repellency was estimated through an exposition of adults to the treated leaf, in an experimental arena for 24 h. In order to inhibit oviposition, Murraya paniculata sprouts sprinkled with 2.5 mL of solution were used. The ethanolic extracts from the three meliaceus showed toxicity on nymphs and adults; however, adults evidenced the toxic effect as of 100.0 mg/mL, while nymphs did at 4.10 mg/mL. With a repellent effect, the 100 mg/mL solution stands out, with 82 and 78% for A. indica and S. humilis, respectively; effect associated to the concentration and the time. The oviposition was affected by ethanolic extracts of S. humilis and A. indica at 100.0 mg/mL. It is inferred that the ethanol extracts from S. humilis and A. indica present potential to be considered in the development of alternatives for the integrated management of D. citri.

scholarly journals Effect of China berry crude extracts on broad mites in vivo and in vitro

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Assma Gatta ◽  
Luaay K. Al – ani ◽  
Nabeel Al - ani
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Number Increase ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Tissue culture were established from leaf and stem of china berry (Melia azedarach ) tree . Using MS media the best regulator to form callus were 6mg/l BAP, all other concentrations did not give callus . The crude extracts from leaves and callus established from leaves were extracted with water and ethanol with different concentrations. In ethanol extracts the least concentration 0.0001 half of the treated parasites were killed in 24 hours while the number increase as the concentration increase . However in callus the ethanol extracts were much higher about 8.5 were killed in the above concentration . In water extracts the least concentration 0.0001 killed half of the treated parasites in 24 hours .This number was increased 8 or 9 in 48 and 72 hours respectively . These results give us preliminary idea about the biological control of this dangerous parasite.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and antifungal activities in vitro of essential oils and extracts of twelve Algerian species of Thymus against some mycotoxigenic Aspergillus genera

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamina Ben Miri ◽  
Aldjia Taoudiat ◽  
Mohamed Mahdid
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

The aim of the study was to determine the phenolic and flavonoid content of essential oils (EOs), chloroform and ethanolic extracts of 12 Algerian Thymus species and evaluate their antioxidant and antifungal activities. EOs (1.73 ± 0.30–15.00 ± 1.24 μg/mg), chloroform extracts (33.8 ± 2.42–160.93 ± 3.88 μg/mg) and ethanol extracts (27.01 ± 3.56 –148.46 ± 4.40 μg/mg) showed considerable phenolic content. Flavonoids values of chloroform extracts ranged between 3.39± 0.17 and 20.27 ± 0.29 μg/ml while ethanolic extracts values ranged between 2.81 ± 0.11 and 26.64 ± 0.18 μg/mg. Results of DPPH showed that EOs, chloroform and ethanolic extracts exhibited strong radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 21.75 ± 6.54–338.22 ± 2.99 μg/ml, 22.91 ± 5.59–90.93 ± 1.36 μg/ml, and 33.51 ± 5.72–103.80 ± 4.54 μg/ml, respectively). Inhibition of β-carotene bleaching was potentially performed by all EOs (66.48 ± 2.41–94.06 ± 2.68 %), chloroform extracts (68.98± 1.58–95.30± 1.99%), and ethanolic extracts (62.15 ± 2.51–92.36± 1.15%). The antifungal activity of EOs and extracts was tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The EOs (0.1 ± 0.00 mg/ mL – 1.06 ± 0.46 mg/mL), chloroform (0.1 ± 0.00 mg/ mL –1.06 ± 0.46 mg/mL) and ethanol (0.1 ± 0.00 mg /mL–1.6 ± 0.00 mg/mL) showed remarkable antifungal activity against mycotoxigenic Aspergillus genera. The MFC of EOs (1.0 ± 0.34 mg/mL and > 4.8 mg/mL) , chloroform (0.26 ± 0.11 mg/mL and > 1.6 mg/mL) and ethanol (0.2 ± 0.00 mg/mL and > 1.6 mg/mL) were fungicidal in nature higher than MICs. The findings of the study indicated that Thymus spp. EOs and extracts could be used as natural alternatives for food industry.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the in vitro phytochemicals and antimicrobial potential of six medicinal plants

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Charles O. Nwonuma ◽  
Tabitha A. Adelani-Akande ◽  
Omorefosa O. Osemwegie ◽  
Abiola F. Olaniran ◽  
Toluwani A. Adeyemo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Positive Controls

Background: This study sought to investigate the antimicrobial activity of six plants used in traditional medicine in Africa. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the six medicinal plant extracts (aqueous and ethanol) were evaluated against Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 21784), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27856) were Aspergillus fumigatus using the agar-well diffusion protocol. The activities of these extracts were compared with the positive controls chloramphenicol and griseofulvin. Similarly, the phytochemicals from the extracts were qualitatively assayed and their percentage yield calculated by standard methods. Results: The bacterial organisms used, P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa, were slightly-to-highly susceptible to aqueous and ethanolic extracts from the various test plants, while A. fumigatus was insensitive to the treatments. The ethanolic extracts of the sampled plants showed superior inhibitory performance on the target bacteria to the aqueous extracts. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Aframomum melegueta, Moringa oleifera and Cola nitida showed inhibitory consistency against the target bacteria. Superior inhibitory activity was observed for ethanol extracts of A. melegueta seed and M. oleifera pod against P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa. Variations in phytochemicals were noticed across solvents and plant parts for all plants. Phenols were detected in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. nitida and Cola acuminate, but relatively appeared denser in extracts of A. melegueta seed and Chrysophyllum albidium fruits. The extracts of C. nitida, C. acuminate and A. melegueta tested positive for the presence of flavonoids, which were undetected in C. albidium and M. oleifera seed and pod extracts. None of the extracts showed the presence of every phytochemical assayed during the study. Conclusions: Extracts of the medicinal plants assessed in this study showed antibacterial potential. Developing new methodologies that preserve the bioactive potency of phyto-extracts for optimal microbicidal activity is promising for development of safe, non-reactive pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Selected Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Euphorbia characias Extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Fais ◽  
Benedetta Era ◽  
Amalia Di Petrillo ◽  
Sonia Floris ◽  
Dario Piano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Quercetin Derivatives ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
Euphorbia Characias ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Potential Inhibitors ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Natural Inhibitors

Extracts of aerial part of Euphorbia characias were examined to check potential inhibitors for three selected enzymes involved in several metabolic disorders. Water and ethanol extracts from leaves and flowers showed in vitro inhibitory activity toward α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase. IC50 values were calculated for all the extracts and the ethanolic extracts were found to exert the best effect. In particular, for the α-glucosidase activity, the extracts resulted to be 100-fold more active than the standard inhibitor. The inhibition mode was investigated by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis. E. characias extracts display different inhibition behaviors toward the three enzymes acting as uncompetitive, noncompetitive, and mixed-type inhibitors. Moreover, ethanolic extracts of E. characias showed no cytotoxic activity and exhibited antioxidant capacity in a cellular model. The LC-DAD metabolic profile was also performed and it showed that leaves and flowers extracts contain high levels of quercetin derivatives. The results suggest that E. characias could be a promising source of natural inhibitors of the enzymes involved in carbohydrate uptake disorders and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Antibacterial effect (in vitro) of Moringa oleifera and Annona muricata against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Hitzschky Fernandes Viera ◽  
Jozeanne Alves Mourão ◽  
Ângela Maria Ângelo ◽  
Renata Albuquerque Costa ◽  
Regine Helena Silva dos Fernandes Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Antibacterial effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of seeds of moringa (Moringa oleifera) and pods of soursop (Annona muricata) in the concentration of 1:5 and 1:10 in volumes 50, 100, 150 and 200 µL were examined against Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli (isolated from the organism and the aquatic environment) and Salmonella Enteritidis. Antibacterial activity (inhibition halo > 13 mm) against S. aureus, V. cholerae and E. coli isolated from the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannmaei, was detected in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of moringa. E. coli isolated from tilapiafish, Oreochromis niloticus, was sensitive to the ethanolic extract of moringa. The aqueous extracts of soursop showed an antibacterial effect against S. aureus and V. cholerae, but the antibacterial activity by the ethanol extracts of this plant was not demonstrated.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Kemuning (Murraya Paniculata) Against Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL by In Vitro Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Illona Okvita Wiyogo ◽  
Pepy Dwi Endraswari ◽  
Yuani Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Nutrient Agar Plate

Klebsiella pneumoniae Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) was one of the microorganism that cause nosocomial infection which resistant to beta-lactams antibiotics. Orange Jessamine (Murraya paniculata) was traditional medicine which believed has antibacterial components, such as: fl avonoids, alkaloids, essential oils, coumarins, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. In the previous studies, there was antibacterial activity in ethanolic extract of Murraya paniculata againsts E.coli, K.pneumoniae, S.typhi, E.faecalis, P.aeruginosa, S.fl exneri, S.aureus, and S.sonneii with concentration 200 mg/ mL. There has not experiment about ethanolic extract of Murraya paniculata against Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL yet. The aim of this study was to fi nd out the in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of Murraya Paniculata against Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL Broth dilution method with concentration 200 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, 12,5 mg/mL, 6,25 mg/mL, and 3,125 mg/mL were used for the determination of the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). While the Minimal Bacterial Concentration (MBC) was assessed using streaking method in Nutrient Agar Plate. The highest concentration in this study was obtained from 100 g of Murraya paniculata leaves dissolved in 500 mL of 40% ethanol. The study was carried out 4 times replication. At the time of the sterility test extract, germ growth appeared on Nutrient Agar Plate media, so the extract was fi ltered before being used for research. After incubation at 37 °C for 24 hours, growth of bacterial colonies on all agar plates was observed. The concentration of the ethanol extract of Murraya Paniculata (200 mg/mL) did not inhibit the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL. The ethanol extracts of Murraya paniculata in concentration 200 mg/mL had no antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL.

scholarly journals Fungitoxic Potentials of Extracts of Plant Origin against Fugal Root Rot of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Storage

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. C. Amadioha ◽  
Kenkwo Promise Chidi ◽  
A. A. Markson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Investigations were carried out on the use of the water and ethanolic extracts of Piper guineense, Ocimum graticimum, Casia alata, and Tagetes erecta in the management of postharvest deterioration of cassava root caused by Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus stolonifer. Water and ethanolic extracts of the plant materials had significant differences (p≤0.5) in their rates of fungitoxicity on the pathogenic organisms. Water and ethanol extracts of C. alata and T. erecta respectively at 50% concentration gave the same highest radial growth inhibition of 80.20% on A. flavus in vitro  followed by ethanol extracts of C. alata, O. graticimum, and P. guineense. The ethanolic extract of T. erecta at 50% concentration gave the highest inhibitory effect of 53.50% on R. stolonifer followed by ethanol extracts of C. alata, O. graticimum, and P. guineense whereas the least growth inhibition of 0.17% was recorded by aqueous extract of P. guineense on R. stolonifer.  In vivo test of the plant extracts applied before and after inoculation with spore suspension (1x105 spores/ml of distilled water) of test fungi showed significant reduction in root rot incidence and severity.  The lowest incidence and severity of cassava root rot of 16.5% and 1.45 respectively were recorded with T. erecta ethanol extracts applied before inoculation of A. flavus indicating that the extracts of the plant materials could be better used as protectant than eradicant in the control of post harvest fungal deterioration of cassava root. R. stolonifer showed stronger resistance to the extracts of the plant materials than A. flavus during pathogenesis in vivo.

In vitro effect of an aqueous extract of Artocarpus lakoocha on the intestinal parasites in cattle

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Saowakon ◽  
P Chaichanasak ◽  
C Wanichanon ◽  
V Reutrakul ◽  
P Sobhon
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Vitro Effect

In vitro effect of purified plumbagin of Plumbago indica against motility of Paramphistomum cervi

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Saowakon ◽  
P Kueakhai ◽  
N Changklungmoa ◽  
N Lorsuwannarat ◽  
P Sobhon
Keyword(s):  
Plumbago Indica ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Paramphistomum Cervi

Anti-amnesic activity screening of the seed ethanol extracts of Turkish Paeonia taxa by in vitro methods

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sevim ◽  
FS Senol ◽  
I Orhan ◽  
B Şener ◽  
E Kaya
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Activity Screening ◽  
Ethanol Extracts
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