scholarly journals ACUTE DIARRHEA

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Farzana Shaikh ◽  
Sikandar Ali Bhand ◽  
Parkash Kumar ◽  
Mohammad Akbar Nizamani
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Loose Motion ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Male Patients

Acute diarrhea is the fourth-ranking cause of death in children under the ageof 5 years. after neonatal causes, malaria, and acute respiratory infections. Objectives: Todetermine the role of Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment of acute diarrhea. Design:Comparative study. Period: Six months, Mar to Aug 2013. Setting: Pediatric Unit II- LiaquatUniversity Hospital Jamshoro/ Hyderabad. Patients and methods: It consisted of 100 patients,of acute diarrhea with age between 3 months to 5 years reported to pediatric unit and fulfilledthe inclusion criteria. Cases were given low osmolar ORS, Zinc & Saccharomyces boulardii250mg twice daily for three days and controls were given low osmolar ORS and Zinc. P-value≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The results showed that 51 patients were maleand 49 patients were female. 27 male patients were in control and 24 were in case group. 23female patients were in control and 26 were in case group. The overall mean age of studysubjects was 26.73±12.65 months. Among reported patients most of the patients 84% werereported on 1st day. All reported patients had a complaint of loose motion with 73% also hadvomiting. All patients had watery loose motion. The mean duration was 4.20±1.70 days withthe mean frequency of 9.82±6.16 times. Among the patients 96 patients were hospitalized and97 patients were given I/V fluid. Among reported patients 10 were without dehyderation, 8 hadsome dehyderation, and 82 had severe dehyderation. 52 had acceptability of probiotics. Theresults were evaluated according to 1st, 2nd, and 3rd day post intervention. Among 50 patientsof case group, 18 patients were compliance. 49 patients had decrease in duration. The sameresults were observed in the decrease in frequency. Consistency was improved in 39 patients.The duration of hospitalization was reduced in 36 patients. It was observed that improvement inthe duration, frequency, and consistency was mostly observed on 2nd day of post intervention.Conclusions: The role of S. boulardii as a good biotherapeutic agent allowing to prevent and/ortreat several grastrointestinal diseases. In comparison to probiotic bacteria, the use of probioticyeast is beneficial when the treatment is combined to antibiotherapy.

Evaluation of APOE polymorphisms and the risk for age-related macular degeneration in a Southeastern Brazilian population

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022098546
Author(s):  
Marina GM Viturino ◽  
Jamil M Neto ◽  
Flávia F Bajano ◽  
Sueli MS Costa ◽  
Alicia B Roque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Age Related

This study aimed to evaluate the role of APOE polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) in the risk of age-related macular degeneration in a sample of the Southeastern Brazilian population. Seven hundred and five unrelated individuals were analyzed, 334 with age-related macular degeneration (case group), and 371 without the disease (control group). In the case group, patients were further stratified according to disease phenotypes, divided into dry and wet age-related macular degeneration, and non-advanced and advanced age-related macular degeneration. APOE polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) were evaluated through polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. In the comparison of cases vs. controls, none of the associations reached statistical significance, considering the Bonferroni-adjusted P-value, although there was a suggestive protection for the E3/E4 genotype (OR = 0.626; P-value = 0.037) and E4 carriers (OR = 0.6515; P-value = 0.047). Statistically significant protection for both the E3/E4 genotype and E4 carriers was observed in the comparisons: advanced age-related macular degeneration vs. controls (OR = 0.3665, P-value = 0.491 × 10−3 and OR = 0.4031, P-value = 0.814 × 10−3, respectively), advanced age-related macular degeneration vs. non-advanced age-related macular degeneration (OR = 0.2529, P-value = 0.659 × 10−4 and OR = 0.2692, P-value = 0.631 × 10−4, respectively). In the comparison of wet age-related macular degeneration vs. control, protection was statistically significant only for E3/E4 (OR = 0.4052, P-value = 0.001). None of the comparisons demonstrated any significant association for E2 genotypes or E2 carriers in age-related macular degeneration risk in this study. Findings suggest a protective role of the E4 haplotype in the APOE gene in the risk for advanced and wet forms of age-related macular degeneration, in a sample of the Brazilian population. To our knowledge, this is the first Brazilian study to show the association between APOE polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration.

scholarly journals Role of serum phosphate level in cardiovascular events in non-CKD patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Prem Singh ◽  
Mohd. Imran Khan ◽  
Mehtab Alam
Keyword(s):  
Troponin I ◽  
Coronary Calcification ◽  
Serum Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Serum Phosphate Level ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Serum phosphate level correlate with atherosclerosis in both animal models and humans with advanced chronic kidney disease and coronary calcification is a known impact of higher serum phosphate, but whether this relationship exists among individuals with Non-CKD is unknown. we conducted this study to observe role of higher serum phosphate level in cardiovascular comorbidities like MI and CHF in Non-CKD patients.Methods: In this observational study, 300 patients were enrolled, half of the patients having Clinical features or positive biochemical markers (Troponin-I for MI and serum BNP for CHF) suggestive of myocardial infarction and heart failure were taken as case group and half of the subjects were taken as control group with similar baseline characteristics. All participants in this study were consenting and more than 18 years of age.Results: The mean value of serum phosphate level in case group was 4.41±1.40 while in control group was 3.19±1.07 showing statistically significant difference (p-value <0.001). In case group 65% patients were having MI with higher serum phosphate level (4.22±1.40).Conclusion: Higher serum phosphate level is related to increased cardiovascular morbidities even in non-CKD patients.

scholarly journals A Prospective Randomised Case Control Study on the Role of Probiotics in Controlling Chronic Kidney Disease Progression

2021 ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
A. Sai Keshava Reddy ◽  
P. Dhana Lakshmi ◽  
N. Hima Bindu ◽  
R. E. Ugandar ◽  
Y. Sai Vani
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease Progression ◽  
Kidney Disease Progression ◽  
Control Study

Aim:  To study the role of probiotics in controlling chronic kidney disease progression. Sample: To correlate renal parameters like creatinine, urea, uric acid, PCR in patients with chronic kidney disease. Study Design: It is a Prospective case control study Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Nephrology, Santhiram Medical college and General Hospital, between December 2020 – May 2021. Methodology: We included 150 patients with chronic kidney disease from in and out patient departments. In this study patients are divided into two groups; case and control group. Control group is treated with normal conventional therapy whereas the case group is treated with conventional therapy along with probiotics. The lab parameters like creatinine, PCR, urea, uric acid were analyzed before and after the therapy in both groups. Results: The lab parameters were analyzed by paired student`s t- test and the p value of these parameters were found to be in control group creatinine ranges from (4.42+/- 2.84 to 3.54+/- 2.73) and in case/ interventional group creatinine ranges from (5.13+/-2.43 to 2.29+/-1.57) shows <0.001. It shows significant improvement in these parameters in both control and case group. CKD stages were analyzed by Chi- square test, the p value of CKD stages in case group was found to be <0.0001 and in control group it was found to be 0.03. Conclusion: It shows that there is significant improvement is found in both interventional (case) and non-interventional (control) groups. But more betterment is observed in case group than in control group. Hence probiotics are used as a natural bio-treatment to control the progression of CKD and improves the quality of life.

Possible Role of Myopia as a Risk Factor for Mechanical Neck Pain in Medical Students: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
Bahareh Kardeh ◽  
Alireza Ashraf ◽  
Sina Kardeh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Retrospective Case

Background: Mechanical neck pain (MNP) is a common health concern. Some studies suggested a relationship between neck pain and visual activity. We assessed the role of myopia as a contributing factor in the development of chronic MNP. Materials and Methods: All medical students attended Shiraz University School of Medicine, who were 18 to 22 years old, were invited to participate in this retrospective case-control study from March 2016 to March 2017. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was used to assess the average neck pain severity over the past 6 months in order to enroll participants as the case (≥3) or control (<3) groups. Demographic data and medical profile were obtained. After identifying eligible cases, we assigned age- and sex-matched controls, who also met the study criteria. Subsequently, participants completed the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS) questionnaires and were evaluated for myopia severity. Variables were compared between the case and control groups as well as within the case group. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: From over 700 medical students, around 150 cooperated. Eventually, 31 eligible cases (and 31 controls) were studied. NDI and NPDS were significantly higher in the case group (P<0.001). However, no significant differences were noticed between the groups regarding the severity (P=0.123) and the duration (P=0.417) of myopia. Also, the correlation of myopia severity with NDPS (ρ=0.159, P=0.216) and NDI (ρ=0.201, P=0.116) was non-significant within the case group. Conclusion: Our findings have not supported the influential role of myopia in the development of chronic MNP. [GMJ.2019;In Press:e1287]

scholarly journals ROLE OF WET CUPPING TREATMENT TOWARD ACTIVITY DAILY LIVING (ADL) OF MIGRAINE PATIENT AT SEMARANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Amin Samiasih
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Treatment Analysis

Introduction. Migraine is often disturbing Activity Daily Living (ADL) due to the throbbing pain, accompanied by nausea, no appetite, sensitivity to light, sounds and smells. The purpose of this study was determined differences in patient’s ADL before, after one week, two weeks, and three weeks after being intervented by wet cupping method. Methods. This research used pre and post test quasi-experimental design. Numbers of sample were 30 male patients, choosed by consecutive sampling technique. Wet cupping treatment was given 1 time only. ADL was measured with a checklist Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) before treatment, one week, two weeks, and three weeks after treatment. Analysis of data was done in two steps: the frequency of distribution and multivariate repeated ANOVA test in normal distribution and Friedman test in unnormal distribution (p = 0.000) then followed post test with the Wilcoxon test. Results. Post test with the Wilcoxon in migraine patients was done before cupping, one week, two weeks and three weeks after wet cupping. Results showed p value 0,000 for all groups. Discussion. ADL before cupping differ by one week, two weeks and three weeks after cupping with p value 0.000(α <0.005).  Keywords: Cupping, Activity Daily Living (ADL), Migraines

scholarly journals Possible Role of Myopia as a Risk Factor for Mechanical Neck Pain in Medical Students: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e1287
Author(s):  
Bahareh Kardeh ◽  
Alireza Ashraf ◽  
Sina Kardeh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Retrospective Case

Background: Mechanical neck pain (MNP) is a common health concern. Some studies suggested a relationship between neck pain and visual activity. We assessed the role of myopia as a contributing factor in the development of chronic MNP. Materials and Methods: All medical students at Shiraz University School of Medicine, who were 18 to 22 years old, were invited to participate in this retrospective case-control study from March 2016 to March 2017. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was used to assess the average neck pain severity over the past 6 months in order to enroll participants as the case (≥3) or control (<3) groups. Demographic data and medical profile were obtained. After identifying eligible cases, we assigned age- and sex-matched controls, who also met the study criteria. Subsequently, participants completed the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS) questionnaires and were evaluated for myopia severity. Variables were compared between the case and control groups as well as within the case group. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: From over 700 medical students, around 150 cooperated. Eventually, 31 eligible cases (and 31 controls) were studied. NDI and NPDS were significantly higher in the case group (P<0.001). However, no significant differences were noticed between the groups regarding the severity (P=0.123) and the duration (P=0.417) of myopia. Also, the correlation of myopia severity with NDPS (ρ=0.159, P=0.216) and NDI (ρ=0.201, P=0.116) was non-significant within the case group. Conclusion: Our findings have not supported the influential role of myopia in the development of chronic MNP.  [GMJ.2019;8:e1287]

scholarly journals Role of Voice Therapy in Patients with Mutational Falsetto

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar ◽  
Alok Kumar Agrahari
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
P Value ◽  
Perceptual Analysis ◽  
Emotional Component ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Post Therapy

ABSTRACT Background Mutational falsetto is the most common mutational voice disorder, found in all ages. Clinicians often miss this diagnosis due to unfamiliarity with the condition. The voice of a person with mutational falsetto is high pitched, weak, thin, breathy, hoarse and monopitched. Objective This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of voice therapy in persons with mutational falsetto. Methods Eleven male patients with ages between 18 and 26 years (mean age 22.18 years, SD 2.52) diagnosed with mutational falsetto underwent acoustical analysis using Praat Software, perceptual analysis using grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia and strain (GRBAS) scale and psychosocial analysis using emotional component of voice handicap index (VHI). All the components were analyzed pre- and postvoice therapy. Results Improvement in acoustic analysis parameters was statistically significant with p-value less than 0.0001(pretherapy mean of fundamental frequency (F0) was 217.45 with SD 8.68, whereas post-therapy mean of F0 was 127.50 with SD 5.32). Significant improvement in perceptual analysis was seen post-therapy on GRBAS scale. Improvement in psychosocial aspect was also statistically significant with p-value less than 0.0001 (pre-therapy mean 26.18, SD 1.72 post-therapy mean 7, SD 1.15). Conclusion Voice therapy plays an important role in lowering F0 and alleviation mental agony of the patients with mutational falsetto. How to cite this article Varma A, Agrahari AK, Kumar R, Kumar V. Role of Voice Therapy in Patients with Mutational Falsetto. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2015;5(1):25-27

PERAN IBU DALAM PENINGKATAN SISTEM IMUN ANAK DENGAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Cindy Ayustin Noya ◽  
Angkit Kinasih ◽  
Venti Agustina ◽  
R.Rr Maria Dyah Kurniasari
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

Infeksi saluran pernafasan akut atau yang sering disebut ISPA merupakan infeksi pada saluran pernafasan baik saluran pernafasan atas atau bawah.ISPA juga kebanyakan terjadi pada anak balita karena daya tahan tubuh mereka tidak kuat dalam menghadapi penyakit ISPA. ISPA mengakibatkan kematiansekitar15%-20% per tahun pada usia balita di Negara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa peran ibu dalam meningkatkan sistem imun anak dengan ISPA.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan sampel purposive sampling.Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai anak dengan riwayat dan saat ini menderita penyakit ISPA di Batu Gajah Kota Ambon.Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 orang. Hasil dari penelitian mendapati 4 kategori yaitu pemberian nutrisi pada anak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan agar sistem imunnya terjaga, kebersihan lingkungan, peran ibu dalam melakukan pencegahan pada anaknya yang mengalami ISPA, dan  peran ibu dalam menjaga dan mempertahankan kesehatan anaknya.   Kata kunci: peran ibu, sistem imun, ispa THE ROLE OF MOTHERS IN INCREASING IMMUNE SYSTEM OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION    ABSTRACT Acute respiratory infections or often called ARI is an infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract. ARI occurs mostly in children under the age of five because their endurance is not strong in dealing with ARI. ARI results in deaths of around 15%-20% per year at the age of under-five in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the role of mothers in improving the immune system of children against ARI. The research method used in this study was qualitative descriptive with a purposive sampling sample. Respondents and samples of this study were five mothers who had children with a history of ARI and currently suffering from the disease in Batu Gajah, Ambon City. The results of the study found 4 categories, namely providing nutrition to children to meet their needs so that their immune systems are maintained, clean environment, mother's role in preventing children with ARI, and mother's role to preserve and maintain the health of their children. The findings indicated that in terms of coping or improving the immune system of a child to avoid ARI, it is necessary to have role the of mothers in providing nutrition so that the immune system is boosted, besides that the mother can prevent and protect her child from various diseases, especially ARI. Keywords: role of mothers, immune system, acute respiratory infections

The role of clomiphene citrate in the resolution of hypogonadism in male patients with prolactinomas under cabergoline therapy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Vilar ◽  
Clarice Vilar ◽  
Ruy Lyra ◽  
Ana Carolina The ◽  
Erik Trovao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Male Patients
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