scholarly journals BLEEDING IN EARLY PREGNANCY;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 516-521
Author(s):  
Riaz Ahmad ◽  
Farah Naz Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molar Pregnancy ◽  
Vaginal Examination ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriages ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Fetal Movements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Incomplete Miscarriage

Objectives: (1) To determine various ways of presentation of bleeding in earlypregnancy. (2) To classify the different causes of bleeding in early pregnancy. Study Design:A descriptive observational study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was done in AzizBhatti Hospital Gujarat attached with Nawaz Sharif Medical College (U.O.G) for a period ofone year during 2014-15. Methodology: The patients who presented with the complaint ofbleeding in early pregnancy before twentieth weeks of gestation were included in the study.The patients who presented after this gestational age and the patients with DUB or any otherincidental cause were excluded. Results: Majority of the patients presented between the agesof 21 to 30 years, and the miscarriage was in the embryonic period. The other ways were painand passage of vesicles (4%). Shoulder tip pain and fainting attacks were the other associatedsymptoms, twenty two percent presented with disappearance of pregnancy symptoms, only4% patients presented with loss of fetal movements. The important predisposing factors werehistory of I.U.C.D, spontaneous miscarriage; E&C and 6% with history of recurrent miscarriages,diabetes, UTI. The most common were incomplete miscarriages. Second commonest werethreatened. Two important diagnostic aids were U.S.G. (TVS) and vaginal examination to classifythe causes of bleeding. Conclusion: Bleeding is the commonest complaint with which thepregnant population presents. The commonest cause is incomplete miscarriage followed bythreatened miscarriage; ultrasonography is of utmost importance for diagnosis. The expectantmanagement of complete miscarriage in selected cases when not bleeding heavily should beconsidered. The patients with inevitable abortion should be evacuated under aseptic conditions.The most serious causes e.g. ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, missed miscarriage andincidental local causes should always be kept in mind.

scholarly journals Single Stages Repair of Hypospadias Using The Snodgrass Technique: A Modern Choice

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Binod Karn ◽  
N. M. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fistula Formation ◽  
Meatal Stenosis ◽  
Proximal Hypospadias ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Cosmetic Appearance

 Background: Proximal hypospadias with chordee is the most challenging variant of hypospadias to reconstruct. During the last 10 years, the approach to severe hypospadias has been controversial.Materials & Methods: This is a hospital based observational study conducted in the plastic surgery unit of department of surgery at Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital Kohalpur from 2012 March to 2016 September. All patients underwent single staged procedures using Snodgrass technique.Results: Thirty three patients were operated. Twenty four patients had no complications. Single fistula was present in 6(18.18%) patients. Two (6.06%) patients had 2 fistulae; one at the original site of the hypospadias and the other was sub-coronal. One (3.03%) patient had moderate meatal stenosis, which was successfully treated by repeated dilatations.Conclusion: Single Staged procedure using the principles of Snodgrass's technique; is a versatile operation that can be used for the proximal hypospadias. It decreases the rate of fistula formation; disruption; stenosis and gives a satisfactory cosmetic appearance. JNGMC,  Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 50-52

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MANUAL VACUUM ASPIRATION AND DILATATION & EVACUATION IN TERMS OF THEIRS ACCEPTABILITY AND COMPLICATIONS FOR THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF EARLY PREGNANCY LOSS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
B S Meena ◽  
Narendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Early Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Missed Abortion ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Vacuum Aspiration ◽  
Manual Vacuum Aspiration ◽  
Incomplete Miscarriage

Background: To compare efficacy and complication of manual vacuum aspiration and dilatation and evacuation as the method for early pregnancy loss surgical management. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS Medical College & Associated group of Hospitals, Jaipur during this study, 200 pregnant women with below 12 weeks gestational age having a confirmed diagnosis of incomplete miscarriage and missed abortion were included. All selected cases divided into MVA group and D&E group randomly. Results: MVA group 98% cases were successful and failure was in 2% which required re-procedure. In D&E group 94% cases were successful and failure was in 6% cases which required re-procedure. Success rate was founded more in MVA group than D&E group. Conclusion: On comparison of the two, in our study MVA was seen to be having an edge over D&E, regarding complication and success rate. Keywords: MVA, D&E, Complication, Success rate.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF RELIGIOUS PRACTICES ON HEALTH AND HYGIENE: A CRITICAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 25 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Goel Bhartiya ◽  
Prem Chandra ◽  
Himani Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
History Of

Since the beginning of human civilization, hygiene, health, medicine religious practices and law, are found to be interwoven around each other. On one hand, ancient legal system or religion preaches us about an ideal way of living life, on the other hand, the health care providers, try to identify and observe the religious practices and faith of the patient for providing better treatment. These practices may include prayer, meditation, bathing and cleanliness, dietary needs and astrological beliefs of patient. The history of alliance of law in the religious preaching and religious practices, medicine, and healthcare is very interesting to look at. Since ages, to make people take up cleanliness as a habit, it has been linked to Godliness, for example in Hinduism it is often said that “Swachchta hi Prabhuta hai”. Also, for hundreds of years, religious institutions were responsible for licensing physicians to practice medicine. Thus, religious practices are external activities or functions of human civilizations which works as code of conduct for them. The present piece of work is an attempt to identify the relevance of Article 25 of Indian Constitution for the medical practitioners while treating patients with orthodox patients with deep rooted religious practices which may create hindrances in the treatment too.

scholarly journals Comparison of 550 cases of surgical and natural menopause in respect to Genito-urinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Nusrat Mahjabeen ◽  
Sk. Zinnat Ara Nasreen
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Data Collection Sheet ◽  
Hot Flush ◽  
Surgical Menopause

Natural menopause and surgical menopause are used interchangeably when conditions of patients are discussed. But they are different entirely. One is a natural stage of life that all women experience, the other is the result of surgery. This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Z.H. Sikder Women’s Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka from January 2016 to December 2018 over a period of three years to compare the GSM effects in natural and surgical menopause cases. During the study period a total of 275 patients with surgical menopause and 275 patients with natural menopause were enrolled employing purposive sampling method using a predesigned data collection sheet. Age of the most of the patients in surgical menopause group was within 41 to 50 years and most of the patients were >50 years old in natural menopause group. Most of the patients were illiterate in both groups and maximum patients were poor in both groups. Hot flush (48.0% vs 28.0%), dryness of vagina (12.0% vs 0.0%) and dyspareunia (72.0% vs 28.0%) were found significantly higher in surgical menopause than natural menopause. Dysuria (92.0% vs 40.0%) and increased frequency of urination (68.0% vs 36.0%) were significantly higher in surgical menopause than natural menopause group. Urgency, hesitancy and incontinence of urination were significantly lower (p=<0.001) in surgical menopause than natural menopause group. In most of the surgical menopause cases, ovaries were also sacrificed. And this may be the reason of more deleterious effects in surgical menopause than natural menopause. So, it is highly recommended to preserve ovaries in hysterectomies due to benign indications.

scholarly journals Circumstances of death and pattern of fatal railway injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
Kiran Kumar Patnaik ◽  
Hemanta Panigrahi ◽  
Sudeepa Das
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The Other ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Present Case Study

The progressive extension of railway networking and increasing number of passengers as well as goods train to meet the demands of rapid industrialization and growing urbanisation, results in an increase in the various modes of railway fatalities. To evaluate the pattern and distribution of fatal railway injuries in relation to the circumstances of death in cases of railway related deaths. The study was conducted at Forensic Medicine and Toxicology department of M.K.C.G. Medical College & Hospital, Berhampur for medico legal autopsy on selected cases of death due to alleged railway injuries, were subjected to thorough post mortem examination and the pattern of injuries noted.A total number of 1314 cases were brought for medico-legal autopsy during the study period, out of which 94 cases were selected for the present study having clear history of railway related deaths (in which either a train caused death or in which a body was found on the track) excluding all other causes of death (even the cases brought by the GRPS having natural deaths were not considered as study material). The study conducted in the department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology revealed that the number of railway related deaths, both accidents and suicides is substantial in the locality. Amongst these, accidental railway deaths (63.83%) outnumber the other manners of death. The ante mortem nature of the railway injuries could be well established in the present case study material.

scholarly journals A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE PREVALENCE AND CLINIC-ETIOLOGIC PROFILE OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN PREGNANCY: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweety Rani ◽  
Abha Rani Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Liver Disorder ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Medical College ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Thrombocytopenia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Keywords Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and clinic-etiologic profile of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: Materials and Methods: The present hospital based observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar from July 2016 to January  2017. A detailed obstetrics history was obtained and maternal high risk factors like preeclampsia, eclampsia, DIC, HELLP syndromes etc were noted. Medical history like anemia, malaria, dengue, liver disorder, current or previous bleeding problems, family history of bleeding & transfusion history were noted. Clinical findings suggestive of thrombocytopenia like petechiae, ecchymoses etc. were noted. Results: Out of total 74 patients, Gestational thrombocytopenia was the most common etiological factor with 41.9% cases followed by 35.1% for hypertensive disorders including HELLP syndrome followed by 6.8% for Malaria and dengue. The most common hemorrhagic presentation was petechiae, ecchymosis & purpura in 33.8% cases. Among the thrombocytopenic pregnant women in our study, 60.8% had mild thrombocytopenia, 24.3% had moderate thrombocytopenia and 14.9% had severe thrombocytopenia Conclusion: The study demonstrated that thrombocytopenia is a frequent finding in pregnancy. It has many potential causes but gestational thrombocytopenia (GT) predominates. Degree of thrombocytopenia was mild to moderate. Keywords: Pregnancy, Thrombocytopenia, Petechiae, Ecchymosis

scholarly journals Clinical and Endoscopic Profile of Patients with Upper Gastro-Intestinal Bleeding (UGIB)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Irin Perveen ◽  
Md Quamrul Hasan ◽  
Md Abu Mosabbir
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Oesophageal Varices ◽  
Intestinal Bleeding ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
History Of

Background: Upper gastro-intestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Prevalence as well as mortality is higher in elderly persons above sixty years because of increasing use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and associated comorbidity. Conventionally upper GI bleeding is divided as variceal and nonvariceal sources and the treatment protocol varies accordingly. There are limited data regarding UGIB in our country. Objective: This observational study was designed to delineate the clinical and endoscopic profile of patients with UGIB in our country. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was done in the Department of Gastroenterology in Enam Medical College & Hospital during the period of 2014–2017. Patients with UGIB were followed until discharge or death. Patients were subjected to upper GI endoscopy, preferably within the first 24 hours. Clinical and endoscopic data of 131 patients were compiled and analyzed in this study. The data were analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: Among the 131 final participants 101 were male and 30 were female. Mean age of the patients was 43.65 ± 18.63 years. Patients mostly presented with both haematemesis and melaena (66, 50.4% patients), 33.6% with haematemesis only, and 16% patients with melaena only. The most common endoscopic finding was duodenal and or gastric ulcer (57); next common lesions were gastric/duodenal erosions (23), oesophageal varices (13), oesophageal erosions/ulcers (10), corrosive burn (10) and carcinoma (7). Forty patients had history of NSAID intake and gastric/duodenal ulcer and/erosions were the most frequent lesions among them (27). One patient with oesophageal varices died due to rebleeding. Conclusion: In our study peptic ulcer-related bleeding is the most common cause of UGIB. A significant proportion of UGIB is due to corrosive burn (harpic) emphasizing the need for public awareness. Mortality was due to rebleeding. J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(2): 78-83

scholarly journals Maternal and perinatal outcome in placenta previa: an observational study at a tertiary care hospital in Mysore, Karnataka, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Maunica Reddy Sorakayalapeta ◽  
Nandish S. Manoli
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
History Of

Background: 2-5% of the pregnancies are complicated by antepartum haemorrhage. About one third of them are due to placenta previa thus contributing to a significant amount of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In the present times with liberally increasing caesarean section rates, there is a changing trend in the incidence and complications of placenta previa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the obstetrical characteristics and maternal and perinatal outcome of cases of placenta previa.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysore during the period January 2017 to June 2018.Results: Out of total 13,150 deliveries during this period, placenta previa was observed in 131 cases with an incidence of 1%. Majority belonged to the age group 25-29 years (48.8%). 66% of the cases presented with painless vaginal bleeding as their chief complaint. The major risk factor was previous caesarean delivery seen in 29.8% cases followed by history of abortion in 18.3%. 67% cases had major degree placenta previa. Remaining 33% cases had minor degree. One case was complicated by placenta accrete. Peripartum hysterectomy was performed in 3.1%. Preterm deliveries amounted to 29.8%. Maternal and perinatal mortality were 0.76% and 3.05% respectively. 10.7% cases had Postpartum haemorrhage and 3.8% required ICU admission. 25% neonates required NICU admissions and 10% had RDS.Conclusions: Placenta previa is a prime contributor to substantial maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early referral to tertiary care centres, anticipation of clinical complications and appropriate measures can avoid grave consequences. Such cases must always be managed at a higher centre with good NICU services and round the clock operation theatre and blood bank facility.

scholarly journals Two Cases of Alleged Gang Rape Examined at Forensic Medicine Department of Sher-e-Bangla Medical College (SBMC) Barisal with Opinions Not "Enough to Prove the Allegation"

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Syed Mohammad Tanjilul Haque ◽  
Ahad Mahmud Khan ◽  
Abdul Barek ◽  
Md Habibuzzaman Chowdhury ◽  
Nashid Tabassum Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sexual Offence ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gang Rape

It is one of the most difficult tasks in forensic medicine is to examine alleged victims of sexual offence like rape that happened a few weeks back. There is a chance of miscarriage of justice. Two women were examined in the department of forensic medicine of SBMC. They gave the history of forceful sexual intercourse by several men at midnight while travelling in a bus. After their identification and obtaining informed written consent they were examined by 2 doctors, one is male and the other is female. With heavy responsibility on them the doctors had to proceed with the examination of the victims of alleged gang rape. Clinical examination, laboratory tests of collected specimens and X-ray examination were done. The opinions were that in case of the first victim, her age was around 18 years and in case of 2nd victim, her age was around 17 years and in both victims, no signs of forceful sexual intercourse were present but signs of past sexual intercourse were present. If a consistency between the history given by the victim and signs detected by the examining doctors is established by the investigating legal officer then a positive result is expected from the court of trial but very often this does not happen.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 8, No. 2: Jul 2017, P 148-152

scholarly journals Evaluation of Clinicosocial Factors Associated with Antepartum and Intrapartum Stillbirths at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Rayamajhi ◽  
N Shreshtha ◽  
C Karki ◽  
SM Padhye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Breech Delivery ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Fetal Movements ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cholestasis Of Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the prevalence and biosocial and obstetric risk factors for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths at a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Study Design A prospective hospital based study during a one year period from 1st November 2007 to 30th October 2008. Results:18 stillbirths occurred out of the 790 deliveries that took place during the study period giving an overall stillbirth rate of 22.7 per 1000 births of which 22.2% occurred in the intrapartum period. The majority(89.9%) of patients were in the low risk age group, viz. 20-35 years. 62% were overweight, 16% obese and 22% had normal BMI. More than half (56%) were either illiterate or had only primary education and 33.3% were moderate smokers. 66.6% were nullipara and there were no grand multipara in the series. 72% had regular prenatal visits but only 33% presented with a history of loss of fetal movements. 50% delivered preterm and 22.2% were post-term while 66.6% had low birth weights. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and IUGR were the leading causes of stillbirths, others being prolonged PROM, cholestasis of pregnancy and congenital anomalies. 11.1% were unexplained and there was one case each of gestational diabetes, antepartum hemorrhage and vaginal breech delivery. Conclusion Avoidable intrapartum stillbirths continue to be quite high where timely and appropriate intrapartum intervention must be taken to prevent fetal loss. The identified antenatal risk factors should serve as potential targets for antenatal intervention and due importance of maternal fetal movement scoring must be stressed in the at risk patient.

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