Positive predictive value (PPV) of computed tomography in diagnosing wilms’ tumor using histopathology as gold standard.

CT can also accurately identify vascular invasion that will impact surgical approach along with identification of the preoperative parameters associated with increased risk of intraoperative Wilms’ tumor spill. Objectives: To determine positive predictive value of CT scan in diagnosing wilm’s tumour, taking histopathology as gold standard. Study Design: Descriptive, cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation Centre, Bahawal Vitoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Period: From July 2017 to June 2018. Materials & Methods: A total of 81 patients with suspected wilm’s tumour on ultrasonography of age 1-12 years of either gender were included. Patients with recurrent tumour and undergoing pre-op chemotherapy were excluded. All the patients were then underwent CT scan and looked for presence or absence of wilm’s tumour. The results were compared with histopathology. Results: Mean age was 5.23 ± 3.28 years. Majority of the patients 56 (69.14%) were between 1 to 6 years of age. Out of these 81 patients, 61 (75.31%) were female and 20 (24.69%) were males with female to male ratio of 2.9:1. CT scan supported the diagnosis of wilm’s tumour in all 46 patients. Histopathology confirmed wilm’s tumour in 41 (true positive) cases where as 05 (False Positive) had no wilm’s tumour on histopathology. Positive predictive value of CT scan in diagnosing wilm’s tumour, taking histopathology as gold standard was 89.13%. Conclusion: This study concluded that positive predictive value of CT scan in diagnosing wilm’s tumour is quite high.

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CARCINOMA OF LARYNX

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.09.1693 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (09) ◽

pp. 1045-1051

Author(s):

Adnan Ahmed ◽

Mushtaque Ali Memon ◽

Muhammad Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Thyroid Cartilage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cartilage Invasion ◽

Histopathological Results ◽

Carcinoma Of Larynx

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the diagnosticaccuracy of CT scan in detecting thyroid cartilage invasion by carcinoma of larynx keepinghistopathological findings as a gold standard. Study Design: Cross sectional and descriptivestudy. Setting: Department of Radiology of LUMHS, And Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy &Nuclear Medicine. Period: February 2013 to August 2015. Subjects and Methods: Overall 86patients were incorporated in this study. All these patients subsequently had their histopathology.The CT outcomes were then contrasted with histopathological results & measures of variablescalculated, were based on the results. Results: Fifty patients were men & 36 patients werewomen. The ages varied from 31 to 65yrs with mean age of 50yrs. The specificity & sensitivityof CT in diagnosing thyroid cartilage invasion was 84.5% and 93.3% respectively. Accuratenessof CT in diagnosing thyroid cartilage invasion was 86.05%. Conclusion: The study establishedthe specificity, sensitivity, negative as well as positive predictive value and accuracy of CTscan for the detection of thyroid cartilage invasion as 84.5%, 93.3%, 98.4%, 56% and 86.05%respectively. Very low negative predictive value was found in patients of age more than 50 years.

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Validation of the SavvyCheckTM Vaginal Yeast Test for Screening Pregnant Women for Vulvovaginal Candidosis: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7030233 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 233

Author(s):

Philipp Foessleitner ◽

Herbert Kiss ◽

Julia Deinsberger ◽

Julia Ott ◽

Lorenz Zierhut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Gram Stain ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Point Of Care Test ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vulvovaginal Candidosis

Pregnant women have an increased risk of vulvovaginal candidosis. Recurrent candidosis is under debate as a contributor to preterm birth, and vertical transmission may cause diaper dermatitis and oral thrush in the newborn. Apart from cultural methods, the gold standard for diagnosing candidosis is Gram staining, which is time-consuming and requires laboratory facilities. The objective of this prospective study was to validate a point-of-care vaginal yeast detection assay (SavvyCheckÔ Vaginal Yeast Test) and to evaluate it in asymptomatic pregnant women. We enrolled 200 participants, 100 of whom had vulvovaginal candidosis according to Gram stain (study group) and 100 were healthy pregnant controls (control group). Of these, 22 participants (11%) had invalid test results. The point-of-care test of the remaining 85 and 93 study participants in the study and control groups, respectively, showed a sensitivity of 94.1%, specificity of 98.9%, positive predictive value of 90.3%, and negative predictive value of 99.4% when compared with Gram stain. In conclusion, we found a high correlation between the SavvyCheckÔ Vaginal Yeast Test and Gram-stained smears during pregnancy. This suggests a potential role of this point-of-care test as a screening tool for asymptomatic pregnant women in early gestation.

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Diagnostic Accuracy of HRCT Chest in Detection of Covid-19 Infection Taking PCR as Gold Standard

10.53350/pjmhs211561679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1679-1681

Author(s):

Afaque Ali ◽

Majid Shaikh ◽

Ahsanullah . ◽

Adeel Ahmed ◽

Abid Ali Sahito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Radiology Department ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Head Of Department

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest in detection of covid-19 infection taking PCR as gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Radiology department of Tabba Hospital, Karachi. Duration: From March 2019 to September 2020 Material and Methods: All the clinically suspected patients of covid-19, of any age, both genders and those referred to radiology for High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest to detect the covid-19 infection were included. After two days, patients’ PCR reports were collected from the ward, after taking informed consent and permission from head of department. The diagnostic accuracy of HRCT was established with respect to sensitivity, PPV, NPV, and specificity by taking PCR as gold standard. All the information was collected via study proforma. Results: Total 70 patients suspected for COVID-19 were studied, and the patients’ mean age was 58.23±9.52 years. Males were in majority 54(77.1%). As per HRCT findings, COVID-19 infection was positive in 46 patients, however, 48 patients were detected positive for COVID-19 infection as per PCR findings. In the detection of COVID-19 infection, HRCT chest showed sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 90%, PPV of 83%, NPV of 84% and diagnostic accuracy of 94%; by taking PCR as gold standard. Conclusion: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a reliable diagnostic approach in promptly detecting the COVID-19; with 91% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 83% positive predictive value, 84% negative predictive value and 94% diagnostic accuracy. Keywords: Accuracy, HRCT, COVID-19

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Role of CT (Computed Tomography) in the Evaluation of Fungal Diseases in Paranasal Sinus

Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons ◽

10.3329/jbcps.v31i4.21002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 189-193

Author(s):

T Islam ◽

SA Azad ◽

ME Karim ◽

L Khondker ◽

K Rahman

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infection ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Paranasal Sinus ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fungal Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Histopathological Result

A cross sectional study carried out with patients having suspected paranasal sinus (PNS) mass during January 2009 to October 2010 to evaluate the fungal diseases in PNS by computed tomographic(CT) image and comparison of the findings of this modality with histopathological result. Among the total 76 patients, the mean age of the patients was 35.95 ± 18.24 and common complaints of the patients were nasal obstruction (73.7%) and maximum 53.9% patients had PNS mass in maxillary sinuses. Out of all cases 10 were diagnosed as having fungal infection/mass by CT scan and confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Two cases were diagnosed as having fungal infection/mass by CT scan but not confirmed by histopathological findings. Of 64 cases of other than fungal infection/mass, which were diagnosed by CT scan, six were confirmed as having fungal infection/mass and 58 were other than having fungal infection/mass by histopathology. Sensitivity of CT scan to diagnose fungal infection/mass was 62.5%, specificity 96.7%, positive predictive value 83.3%, negative predictive value 90.6% and accuracy 89.5%. CT scan of the fungal diseases in paranasal sinus provides more information and better image quality and CT diagnosis correlate well with the findings of histopathology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v31i4.21002 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2013; 31: 189-193

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ACCURACY OF THE UPPER LIP BITE TEST;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.01.589 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (01) ◽

pp. 132-138

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD ATIF ◽

MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH ◽

MUHAMMAD JAVAD YOUSAF ◽

Khalid Buland

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Difficult Intubation ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: To compare the accuracy of Upper lip bite test with modified Mallampati classification for predicting the difficultlaryngoscopic intubation. Study Design: Cross sectional Study. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Department ofAnaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain management, Combined Military hospital, Rawalpindi from September 2008 to August 2009.Patients and Methods: Four hundred patients undergoing elective surgery meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled afterwritten informed consent. The airways of the patients were evaluated by using the modified Mallampati classification (MMP) and theUpper lip bite test (ULBT). MMP class 3 or 4 and ULBT class 3 were considered as indicators of difficult intubation. The laryngeal view wasgraded by Cormack and Lehane classification (Gold standard). Grade 1 or 2 was considered to represent easy intubation and grade 3 or 4to represent difficult intubation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy werecalculated for both the tests separately by using the 2×2 table. Results: ULBT had a higher accuracy of 94%, specificity of 99.2% andpositive predictive value 70% compared to MMP accuracy of 82.7%, specificity of 84.4% and positive predictive value of 22.7%.Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of the Upper lip bite test was more than the modified Mallampati classification. We suggest that itbe compared with the other prevailing tests as well which are often used to assess difficult intubations.

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OVARIAN MALIGNANCY

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.02.449 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (02) ◽

pp. 237-241

Author(s):

Shabana Rafiq ◽

Razia Bibi ◽

Samina Ashraf

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Ovarian Malignancy ◽

Ovarian Mass ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Study Setting

Objectives: To determine the frequency of ovarian malignancy in women ofreproductive age presenting with ovarian mass and to determine frequency of factors leadingto ovarian malignancy. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics& Gynaecology, Lady Wallington Hospital, Lahore. Period with Dates: From 05.11.11 to26.06.12. Results: The result of our study reveals majority of the patients between 21-30 yearsi.e. 45.88%(n=39), common age was 24.21+3.76 years, 43.53%(n=37) were nulliparous (inmajority), while frequency of ovarian malignancy in women of reproductive age presenting withovarian mass was recorded in 14.11%(n=12) while frequency of factors leading to ovarianmalignancy was 91.67%(n=11) patients were nulliparous while family history of ovarianmalignancy was in 8.33%(n=1) patients. Conclusions: The frequency of ovarian malignancy ishigher among reproductive age females with increased risk of nulliparity.

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Comparison between qualitative and quantitative measurement of strength deficit in shoulder flexors of young females: a cross- sectional study

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.011431 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (11) ◽

pp. 2559-2562

Author(s):

Saadia Perwaiz ◽

Muhammad Waqar Afzal ◽

Ghulam Fatima

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Manual Muscle Testing ◽

Primary Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Young Females ◽

Muscle Testing

Objective: To compare accuracy of manual muscle testing in detection of strength differences across grade 4 and 5 at different percentage deficits of dynamometric mean in shoulder flexors of young females. Methods: Cross sectional research design, conducting primary analysis of strength of shoulder flexors measured through manual muscle testing and hand-held dynamometer. Three hundred young healthy females without any ailment of upper extremity or generalized health problem were selected from University of South Asia and Association of Fatima Jinnah Old Graduates, Lahore. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. The age group selected was 18-39 years. The strength of shoulder flexors measured through manual muscle testing and hand-held dynamometer was main outcome measure. Results: The overall diagnostic accuracy of manual muscle testing showed better results at 10% dynamometric measures. It was 63.33%(95% CI: 57.74%, 68.59%) in non-dominant shoulder flexors and 61.67% (95% CI: 56.05%, 66.99%) in dominant shoulder flexors. The positive predictive value (PPV) and specificity of manual muscle testing was better at 10% strength deficit in comparison with dynamometric measures, whereas negative predictive value (NPV) and sensitivity was better at 20% strength deficit. Contrasting association was found between positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity, negative predictive value and specificity. Conclusion: The subjective area of grade 4 and 5 showed better, although not ideal, diagnostic worth at 10% deficit of dynamometric measures in shoulder flexors. Further exploration through study of contrasting trends between PPV and sensitivity by subgroup analysis is required. Continuous...

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Sensitivity and Specificity of Maternal Anthropometric Measures Relative to Infant Nutritional Status

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/101053959700900108 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 38-41

Author(s):

Nugroho Abikusno ◽

Rachel Novotny

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Nutritional Status ◽

Weight For Age

This cross-sectional study was done in July 1990 at health posts of two subdistricts in Cilandak, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of maternal anthropometric measures against the functional outcome of infant nutritional status (weight-for-age). The study population consisted of 175 mother-infant pairs, who were between 14-45 years old, and their infants, who were 0-6 months old. The indicators that identified women at risk of their infant being poor nutritional status (weight-for-age less than −1 SD) were maternal weight (sensitivity 33%, specificity 89%, and positive predictive value 26%), height (sensitivity 39%, specificity 83% and positive predictive value 21%), and calf circumference (sensitivity 50%, specificity 85% and positive predictive value 28%).

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Educational Review of Predictive Value and Findings of Computed Tomography Scan in Diagnosing Bowel and Mesenteric Injuries after Blunt Trauma: Correlation with Trauma Surgery Findings in 163 Patients

Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal ◽

10.1016/j.carj.2016.07.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 276-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Francesco Cinquantini ◽

Gregorio Tugnoli ◽

Alice Piccinini ◽

Carlo Coniglio ◽

Sergio Mannone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Abdominal Trauma ◽

Blunt Abdominal Trauma ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Clinical Management ◽

Trauma Surgery ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Increased Risk

Background and Aims Laparotomy can detect bowel and mesenteric injuries in 1.2%–5% of patients following blunt abdominal trauma. Delayed diagnosis in such cases is strongly related to increased risk of ongoing sepsis, with subsequent higher morbidity and mortality. Computed tomography (CT) scanning is the gold standard in the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma, being accurate in the diagnosis of bowel and mesenteric injuries in case of hemodynamically stable trauma patients. Aims of the present study are to 1) review the correlation between CT signs and intraoperative findings in case of bowel and mesenteric injuries following blunt abdominal trauma, analysing the correlation between radiological features and intraoperative findings from our experience on 25 trauma patients with small bowel and mesenteric injuries (SBMI); 2) identify the diagnostic specificity of those signs found at CT with practical considerations on the following clinical management; and 3) distinguish the bowel and mesenteric injuries requiring immediate surgical intervention from those amenable to initial nonoperative management. Materials and Methods Between January 1, 2008, and May 31, 2010, 163 patients required laparotomy following blunt abdominal trauma. Among them, 25 patients presented bowel or mesenteric injuries. Data were analysed retrospectively, correlating operative surgical reports with the preoperative CT findings. Results We are presenting a pictorial review of significant and frequent findings of bowel and mesenteric lesions at CT scan, confirmed intraoperatively at laparotomy. Moreover, the predictive value of CT scan for SBMI is assessed. Conclusions Multidetector CT scan is the gold standard in the assessment of intra-abdominal blunt abdominal trauma for not only parenchymal organs injuries but also detecting SBMI; in the presence of specific signs it provides an accurate assessment of hollow viscus injuries, helping the trauma surgeons to choose the correct initial clinical management.

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Interleukin 21 as a diagnostic marker of rheumatoid arthritis.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.08.1897 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (08) ◽

pp. 1229-1232

Author(s):

Khadija Kiran ◽

Amtul Huda ◽

Zuhair Bhatti

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Diagnostic Marker ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

To investigate the role of IL-21 as diagnostic marker in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Physiology and Orthopedic Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala. Period: October 2017 to October 2018 in one year duration. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients were included in the study, main variables assessed in this study were positive predictive value negative predictive value, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of IL-21 in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. P value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant. Study was started after permission from hospital ethical committee and patients were informed in detail about disease and procedure to be done. Non probability consecutive sampling was used. Results: The estimated sensitivity was 93.6%. The estimated specificity was 50%. Positive predictive value was 96.3% and negative predictive value was 35.7%. The overall accuracy was 90.6% for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: IL-21 induces MMP3 in rheumatoid arthritis patients, identification of IL-21 from synovium of patients indicates the presence of rheumatoid arthritis. We observed 90.6% diagnostic accuracy of IL-21 for rheumatoid patients taking RA factor as gold standard of diagnostic tool.

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