SARS-CoV-2 infection and phylogenetic analysis with the risk factors in human body alongside the pulmonary effects and medication

Related the extremely transmittable abilities of SARS-CoV-2,a harmonious virus to the bat CoV, gets transmitted by three principal processes-- the inhalation of droplets from the SARS-CoV-2 infected person, contacting to the person, and by the surfaces and materials defiled with the virus. Whereupon bat Coronavirus is mostly like the pandemic causing virus SARS-CoV-2, bats are often deliberated and figured out as a possible primary host although no intermediate has not been defined yet in the wherewithal of transmission. The Spike Glycoprotein plays an important role in the case of penetration with the assistance of the ACE2 receptor and the Receptor Binding Domain. In the human body, infiltrating the nucleic acid into host cells, SARS-CoV-2 attacks one cell and one by one into the whole human body; therefore, infected cases are found symptomatic and asymptomatic considering the immune power. Patients with cardiovascular disease or diabetes proceed with their treatment with ACE2 often; therefore, there might be a high chance of getting infected. Whereas the SARS-CoV-2 infects the blood and then lungs, Antigens improvement can be better in order to avoid high-complicated effects. Currently, no vaccination or no accurate cure and treatment has not been defined. An explanation with analysis on SARS-CoV-2 has been performed from the aspect of virology, immunology and molecular biology. Several relevant figures have been included hereby in order to a better understanding of the very concept.

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Comparative Genomics of Receptor Binding Domains of Spike Protein and Receptor Interaction in COVID-19 Patient

10.21467/preprints.118 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rimjhim Dasgupta

Keyword(s):

Receptor Binding ◽

Binding Domain ◽

Host Cells ◽

Receptor Interaction ◽

Receptor Binding Domain ◽

Furin Cleavage ◽

S Protein ◽

Human Coronaviruses ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Bat Coronavirus

The current outbreak of viral pneumonia in the city of Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel coronavirus designated 2019-nCoV, as determined by sequencing the viral RNA genome. Among its genome, S protein is surface-exposed and mediates entry into host cells. Currently it is one of the main targets for designing antibodies (Abs), therapeutic and vaccine. Earlier studies stated that ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2) could facilitate S protein mediated entry for this newly emerged coronavirus. Here we have taken an attempt to compare the genetic structure of receptor binding domain within S protein of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (special reference to 2019-nCoV) with Bat coronavirus RaTG13. We have compared 2019-nCov receptor binding domain (RBD) with other pathogenic human coronaviruses (MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV) and Bat coronavirus RaTG13. We found that it is closest to RaTG13 RBD than MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. Our study shows that 2019-nCov RBD also has significant identity with pangolin S protein RBD. We have also predicted the amino acid residues within RDB those may play important role for ACE2 receptor interaction. We identified unique signature for furin cleavage in 2019-nCov S protein but not in of other pathogenic human coronaviruses (tested here), bat coronavirus RaTG13 or pangolin.

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Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer and Multimorbidity Interactions: Clinical Implications

Cardiology ◽

10.1159/000521680 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Konstantinos Dean Boudoulas ◽

Filippos Triposkiadis ◽

Richard Gumina ◽

Daniel Addison ◽

Cezar Iliescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Human Body ◽

Aging Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

New Drugs ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Multiple Systems ◽

The Individual ◽

Morbid Conditions

Background: With the aging population, the frequency of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and other morbid conditions are increasing dramatically. In addition, one disease may affect the other leading to a vicious cycle. Summary: With aging, the function of organs and systems of the human body decline including the autoimmune system resulting in a diminished response to various pathogens and a chronic inflammatory process; these changes, in addition to other risk factors, contributes to the development of multiple morbid conditions including CVD and cancer. Multimorbidity in the elderly has become the rule rather than the exception today. Further, this association between CVD and cancer, at least partially, is explained by both diseases sharing common risk factors and from accelerated vascular aging due to cancer and its associated therapies. Multiple studies have shown that the incidence of cancer is much higher in patients with CVD compared to the general population. These associations among CVD, cancer and their connection to systems of the human body provide an opportunity for novel therapies. Development of new drugs should be addressed to focus on multiple systems and not just only to one disease. Further, collecting information from registries and processing large amounts of data using artificial intelligence may assist the clinician when treating an individual patient in the future. Key messages: As the aging population increases, CVD, cancer and multimorbidity will continue to constitute a major health problem in the years to come. The physician who is taking care of such a patient, in addition to knowledge, requires clinical wisdom, clinical experience and common sense in order to apply the continuous evolving knowledge to the individual patient.

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Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in persons with type 2 diabetes diagnosed in a large population screening: The Nord-Trondelag Diabetes Study, Norway

Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00759.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 248 (6) ◽

pp. 492-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

T. Claudi ◽

K. Midthjell ◽

J. Holmen ◽

K. Fougner ◽

O. Kruger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Screening

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Serum uric acid. Its relationship to coronary heart disease risk factors and cardiovascular disease, Evans County, Georgia

Archives of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1001/archinte.132.3.401 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 132 (3) ◽

pp. 401-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

R. Klein

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Coronary Heart Disease Risk ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Heart Disease Risk Factors ◽

Heart Disease Risk

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Serum Retinol and β-carotene Levels and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Morbid Obesity

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000018 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 159-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gabriela Villaça Chaves ◽

Gisele Gonçalves de Souza ◽

Andréa Cardoso de Matos ◽

Dra. Wilza Abrantes Peres ◽

Silvia Elaine Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Morbid Obesity ◽

Serum Levels ◽

World Health ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Serum Retinol ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Β Carotene

Objective: To evaluate retinol and β-carotene serum levels and their relationship with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in individuals with morbid obesity, resident in Rio de Janeiro. Methodology: Blood serum concentrations of retinol and β-carotene of 189 morbidly obese individuals were assessed. The metabolic syndrome was identified according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and World Health Organization (WHO). Lipid profile, insulin resistance, basal insulin, glycemia, blood pressure, and anthropometry and their correlation with retinol and β-carotene serum levels were evaluated. Results: Metabolic syndrome diagnosis was observed in 49.0% of the sample. Within this percentage the levels of β-carotene were significantly lower when body mass index increased. Serum retinol didn't show this behavior. Serum retinol inadequacy in patients with metabolic syndrome (61.3%), according to WHO criterion, was higher (15.8%) than when the whole sample was considered (12.7%). When metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by NCEP criterion, β-carotene inadequacy was higher (42.8%) when compared to the total sample (37.5%). There was a significant difference between average β-carotene values of patients with and without metabolic syndrome (p=0.048) according to the classification of the NCEP. Lower values were found in patients with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Considering the vitamin A contribution in antioxidant protection, especially when risk factors for cardiovascular disease are present, it is suggested that great attention be given to morbidly obese. This could aid in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, which affects a significant part of the population.

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