Impact on World Politics and Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Anastassia V. Obydenkova ◽  
Alexander Libman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Political Development ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Member States ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Migration Flows

This chapter studies the different impacts of DROs and NDROs on economic and political development, finding that NDROs are less successful than DROs at liberalizing foreign trade among member states. The chapter focus on actual trade ties and trade flows is in line with the existing literature. In terms of the impact on migration, NDROs exhibit larger within-region migration flows than DROs (with some caveats concerning the statistical analysis). To consider impact of NDRO on political regimes, the chapter looks at whether membership in an NDRO affects the duration of tenure of authoritarian leaders. The analysis shows that the tenure of leaders of NDRO member states was significantly longer than that of leaders whose countries did not belong to an NDRO. The findings indicate that membership of an NDRO has a significant political impact; in the subsequent case studies we trace the particular mechanisms explaining this effect.

Near crises in world politics: A new dataset

2019 ◽  
pp. 073889421985561
Author(s):  
Evgeniia Iakhnis ◽  
Patrick James
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Finite Time ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Crisis Behavior

Crisis escalation to war is a subject of longstanding interest. Case studies, formal models and statistical analysis offer compelling explanations for why some crises escalate to war while others do not. Much less can be said in answer to the following question: where do crises come from in the first place? In this paper, we first introduce the concept of a near crisis following the approach taken over the course of more than four decades by the International Crisis Behavior (ICB) Project. A near crisis is just below a crisis as defined by ICB with regard to intensity, as it lacks one essential condition for a crisis—higher likelihood of military hostilities. Second, we present a newly developed dataset that contains information on 86 cases in which actors perceived a threat to one or more basic values, along with an awareness of finite time for response to the value threat. We also present simple statistical models comparing (a) near crisis to crisis and (b) crisis to war that show that analyses based on the Near Crisis dataset will contribute to advancement of knowledge.

scholarly journals Romania’s foreign trade with the European Union in 2008

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ancuta Stangaciu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
Statistical Analysis Methods

In this study, I proposed to analyze the spatial concentration of international trade flows between Romania and the European Union both overall and by the sections of the Combined Nomenclature. Using statistical analysis methods such as square and Gini’s index or Onicescu informational energy, I concluded that Romania’s main trade partners are Italy, Germany and France and trade relations with these 3 countries are characterized by exchanges of good to cover, generally a wide range of products.

scholarly journals Romania's foreign trade in 2008 - a territorial statistical analysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ancuta Stangaciu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
County Level ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Territorial Structure

In this study, I proposed to analyze the territorial structure at county level, of the Romanian international trade both overall and by the sections of the Combined Nomenclature. Starting with the values of export and imports trade flows related to each county in Romania and using statistical methods of analysis, I determineted the spatial distribution of foreign trade reveal that county poles of competitiveness in this regard. Whereas the trade balance or indicators such as coverage of imports by exports is proof that the increase or decrease the competitiveness of an economy's performance, I calculated also for each county these indicators.

Common Visa Policy: Bordering from Abroad—Applying Admission Criteria before Departure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Moreno-Lax
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Admission Criteria ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Common ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Visa Policy ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Common Policy

Visas are specifically aimed at controlling admission at the stage of pre-departure and constitute one of the essential requirements for entry under the Schengen Borders Code. This chapter examines the common policy of the EU, conceptualizing them as pre-authorizations of entry granted before arrival in the territory of the Member States. Visa requirements, as introduced in the Visa Regulation, are perused at the outset, taking account of periodic revisions of the visa lists and the criteria for amendment considered relevant by the EU legislator. The key features of the uniform visa format and the Visa Information System (VIS) are briefly presented, highlighting their contribution to the securitisation of migration flows. Then, the visa issuing procedure, as governed by the Community Code on Visas (CCV), is examined. The final section is reserved to the analysis of the implications of the different components of the policy regarding access to asylum in the Member States.

scholarly journals Strengthening the EU’s resilience to hybrid threats

European View ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 178168582110046
Author(s):  
Sandra Kalniete ◽  
Tomass Pildegovičs
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
Hybrid Threats

Against the backdrop of the deterioration of EU–Russia relations in recent years, there has been a shift in the awareness of hybrid threats all across the Union. At the same time, there is evidence of a growing political will to strengthen resilience to these threats. While hostile foreign actors have long deployed hybrid methods to target Europe, Russia’s intervention in Ukraine in 2014, interference in the 2016 US presidential election, and repeated cyber-attacks and disinformation campaigns aimed at EU member states have marked a turning point, exposing Western countries’ unpreparedness and vulnerability to these threats. This article analyses the EU’s resilience to hybrid warfare from institutional, regulatory and societal perspectives, with a particular focus on the information space. By drawing on case studies from member states historically at the forefront of resisting and countering Russian-backed disinformation campaigns, this article outlines the case for a whole-of-society approach to countering hybrid threats and underscores the need for EU leadership in a standard-setting capacity.

Understanding ASEAN’s approach to sanctions against norm breakers

2021 ◽  
pp. 019251212097258
Author(s):  
Kerstin Schembera
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Member States ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Regional Organisations ◽  
Informal Approach

Regional organisations (ROs) increasingly act as promoters of democracy by applying sanctions against members who do not comply with collectively agreed norms. Despite the absence of an official sanctions policy, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) does interfere in certain ways into member states’ internal issues in some cases of norm violations. This study empirically explores how and why ASEAN decides to interfere or not in such situations. The findings derived from case studies on Cambodia and Myanmar, drawing on evidence from documents, media, and interview data reveal novel insights on ASEAN regionalism in the context of non-compliant member behaviour. I argue that the informal approach to regionalism provides ASEAN with a lot of room for discretion in responding to members’ norm violations. The article identifies geopolitical preferences, extra-regional interference, and legitimation as explanatory factors for the RO’s varying punitive actions.

Machiavelli and the Problem of Political Development

1968 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taketsugu Tsurutani
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Political Regimes

There is a striking similarity between the Italy of the cinquecento and today's developing nations. In both worlds, the chief characteristics are internal fragmentations with little or no community of interest, the all-too-frequent rise and fall of political regimes, a disharmonious relationship between government and governed, and the absence of meaningful direction. Flux and volatility are the all-pervasive features.

scholarly journals Evolución del perfil sectorial del comercio exterior en la provincia de León, 1995-2014 = Foreign trade sector evolution in the province of León 1995-2014

2014 ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
José Luis Placer Galán
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Productive Activity ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Full Period ◽  
The One

<p>El notable crecimiento del comercio exterior de España en las últimas décadas también se ha producido en una economía tan orientada al mercado interior como la de la provincia de León. El objetivo de este trabajo es doble: averiguar la evolución del peso del comercio exterior en el conjunto de la actividad productiva leonesa, y el perfil sectorial de sus flujos comerciales durante el período 1995-2014.<br />El análisis realizado permite señalar que en los últimos veinte años la actividad productiva orientada a los mercados internacionales se ha duplicado, especialmente en los últimos cinco años. Por otra parte,  el perfil sectorial exportador ha variado notablemente pasando de ser mayoritariamente de productos químico-farmacéuticos y extractivos  a serlo actualmente de bienes de equipo eléctricos y de manufacturas metálicas. Sin embargo, las importaciones, que tienen un mayor grado de diversificación que las exportaciones, han mantenido un perfil sectorial similar en todo el período, concentrado en legumbres y, en menor medida, en bienes de equipo eléctricos y de manufacturas metálicas.</p><p>In the last decades foreign trade has experienced a significant growth both in Spain and Leon economies, whereas the latter has always been characterized by a strong focus on domestic trade. The goal of this paper is dual: find out the evolution of foreign trade importance within the whole productive activity in Leon and sector profile of its trade flows during the period from 1995 to 2014.<br />On the one hand, the analysis carried out highlights that productive activities focused on foreign trade have doubled in the last twenty years, especially in the recent five. On the other hand, export sectors have changed mainly, from exporting pharmaceutical chemistry products and extractors to currently exporting electrical equipment and metal assembly. However, import sectors that are more diversified than export, have maintained a similar sector profile during the full period analysed. Import sectors in Leon are mainly focused on legumes and in a smaller proportion on electrical appliance equipment and metal assembly.</p>

scholarly journals Industrial Integration of the EAEU Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-30
Author(s):  
M. Krivogouz ◽  
D. Fesenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Member States ◽  
Industrial Cooperation ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
The Common ◽  
Economic Union

The authors analyze current situation in the common market and the data on foreign trade of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. Also, the EAEU decisions in the sphere of establishing common financial space and the measures on boosting the cooperation in industry are being examined. The conclusion is made that further common steps towards higher pace of industrial cooperation are needed.

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