Peningkatan Kedisiplinan dengan Konseling Kelompok Melalui Teknik Token Economy Bagi Peserta Didik SMPN 3 Banyuates

Titie Nurhayati

doi:10.29407/nor.v7i1.15067

Peningkatan Kedisiplinan dengan Konseling Kelompok Melalui Teknik Token Economy Bagi Peserta Didik SMPN 3 Banyuates

Nusantara of Research : Jurnal Hasil-hasil Penelitian Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri ◽

10.29407/nor.v7i1.15067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 57-63

Author(s):

Titie Nurhayati

Keyword(s):

Positive Reinforcement ◽

Token Economy ◽

Purposive Sampling

Tujuan dalam penelitian tinakan bimbingan dan konseling ini adalah untuk meningkatkan perilaku disiplin pada peserta didik. Ada banyak treatment yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kedisiplinan, salah satunya adalah terapi modifikasi perilaku. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik token economy, yaitu dengan memberikan penguatan positif (positive reinforcement). Penelitian tindakan bimbingan dan konseling ini menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas. Teknik purposive sampling digunakan pada penelitian tindakan bimbingan dan konseling ini. Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang dilakukan selama penelitian, terjadi perubahan perilaku disiplin secara signifikan dari tindakan pemberian token economy pada siklus 1 dan siklus 2

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Analisis Perilaku Aman pada Pekerja Penambangan Batu Piring dengan Pendekatan Behavior – Based Safety (BBS)

The Indonesian Journal of Health Science ◽

10.32528/ijhs.v12i1.4854 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 40-50

Author(s):

Dwi Yunita Haryanti

Keyword(s):

Positive Reinforcement ◽

Safety Behavior ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Behavior Based

Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Penambangan batu piring menjadi salah satu sumber pendapatan bagi masyarakat jember dengan skala ekspor. Batu ini dikirim dalam bentuk batu piringan yang digunakan untuk dinding, pagar dan asesoris rumah lainnya. Aktivitas penambangan batu piring ini menyebabkan pekerja terpapar oleh bahaya dan risiko yang mungkin muncul sebagai akibat dari perilaku dan kondisi tidak aman. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis perilaku aman pada pekerja penambangan batu piring dengan pendekatan Behavior Based Safety (BBC) menggunakan model Activator Behavior dan Consequences (ABC). Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan rancang bangun cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pekerja yang berada di penambangan batu piring. Metode sampling yang dipakai adalah purposive sampling. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 32,2% pekerja memiliki safety behavior yang baik, 51,7% cukup baik dan 16,1% kurang baik. Terdapat 5 orang pekerja yang pernah mendapatkan positive reinforcement dan 2 orang pekerja yang pernah mendapatkan punishment. Simpulan dan Implikasi: Diperlukannya pembentukan program keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja oleh pihak manajemen, membuat jadwal pelatihan berkaitan dengan proses kegiatan penambangan, mensosialisasikan sumber bahaya dan penanggulangannnya serta meningkatkan kesadaran terkait pentingnya program K3 dalam kelangsungan aktivitas penambangan batu piring.

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The Application of Behavioral Counseling with Positive Techniques Reinforcement to Improve Self-Confidence

Bisma The Journal of Counseling ◽

10.23887/128192017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Putri Majiatulhibah ◽

I Wayan Tirka ◽

Dewi Arum MWP

Keyword(s):

Positive Reinforcement ◽

T Test ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Questionnaire Data ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Behavioral Counseling ◽

Self Confidence

This study was purposed to determine the effectivity of behavioral counseling by positive reinforcement technique to improved self confidence students of eleventh grade class AK C at SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja. One group pretest-posttest designed was used. The sample of this study were eight students which were grouped with purposive sampling. Student’s self confidence were measured by questionnaire. Data were collected then analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test. The results showed that behavioral counseling with positive reinforcement technique is effective to improved students self confidence, it seen from the analysis output ttest>ttable with significance value 5% (v), it showed that students self confidence were improved. It can be concluded that alternative hipothesis of this study is accepted.

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TERAPI MODIFIKASI PERILAKU UNTUK PENANGANAN HIPERAKTIF PADA ANAK RETARDASI MENTAL RINGAN

Jurnal Ecopsy ◽

10.20527/ecopsy.v4i1.3414 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

SUKMA NOOR AKBAR

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Behavior Modification ◽

Positive Reinforcement ◽

Mentally Retarded ◽

Light Metal ◽

Token Economy ◽

Psychological Tests ◽

Hyperactive Behavior ◽

Intellectual Capacity ◽

Use Behavior

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) faktor-faktor apakah yang menyebabkan hiperaktif anak pada anak retardasi mental ringan? (2) Intervensi apakah yang tepat untuk anak yang mengalami hiperaktif pada anak retardasi metal ringan?. Subyek dalam kasus ini bernama D, anak laki-laki berusia 12 tahun 3 bulan. D sekolah di SLB Bagian C. Berdasarkan hasil tes psikologi, Kapasitas intelektual D tergolong kurang dan masuk dalam kategori Mild mentally retarded (IQ=52, Stanford Binet), sedangkan berdasarkan hasil asessmen observasi, wawancara dan tes psikologi (tes Binet, Grafis, VSMS) menunjukkan adanya keterlambatan dalam bicara dan berjalan, hambatan dalam berperilaku yaitu perilaku D sangat aktif terutama dalam keadaan situasional seperti di sekolah khususnya di kelas dan sulit berkonsentrasi (mudah teralihkan perhatian oleh stimulus lain). Penyelesaian masalah ini adalah menggunakan modifikasi perilaku dengan menggunakan token ekonomi, untuk di sekolah bekerjasama dengan guru wali kelas D, reinforcement positif dan modelling untuk di rumah yang hasilnya ada sedikit pengurangan pada perilaku hiperaktif, D lebih mampu untuk memusatkan perhatian pada sesuatu yang sedang dilakukan dan lebih mampu untuk mengontrol perilakunya, serta D telah mampu melakukan keterampilan-keterampilan sederhana yang bermanfaat sehingga membantu D dalam aktivitas sehari-hari. Kata Kunci : Retardasi Mental. Token Ekonomi,Modifikasi Perilaku ABSTRACT The purpose of this study (1) How factors that cause child hyperactivity in children mild mental retardation? (2) How appropriate interventions for children who have hyperactivity in children light metal retardation ?. The subjects a child aged 12 years and 3 months. Based on the results of psychological tests, subjects classified as less intellectual capacity and in the category Mild mentally retarded (IQ = 52, Stanford Binet), while based on the results of asessmen observation, interviews and psychological tests (Binet test, Graphics, VSMS ) indicate a delay in speech and walk, obstacles in the act that is the behavior of the subjects are very active, especially in the situational circumstances such as in schools, especially in the classroom and difficulty concentrating (easily distracted attention by other stimulus). Completion of this problem is to use behavior modification using a token economy, positive reinforcement and modeling for the home which result there was a small reduction in hyperactive behavior. Keywords: mental retardation. token economy, behavior modification

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PERUBAHAN PERILAKU PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK MELALUI KONSELING KELOMPOK DENGAN TEKNIK TOKEN EKONOMI PADA SISWA KELAS X TP SMK NEGERI I WONOASRI KABUPATEN MADIUN

Counsellia Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling ◽

10.25273/counsellia.v5i2.450 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Marsilia Marsilia ◽

Ibnu Mahmudi

Keyword(s):

Token Economy ◽

T Test ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Post Test

Masa Sekolah Lanjutan Atas (SMA/SMK) adalah masa pencarian jati diri, dimana sebagian besar dari mereka sibuk menikmati hal-hal yang dianggapnya menyenangkan sehingga sering melupakan tanggung jawabnya sebagai pelajar misalnya menunda-nunda mengerjakan sesuatu (prokrastinasi) seperti menunda mengerjakan tugas. Hal ini kelihatannya biasa saja, namun jika tidak ada usaha untuk merubahnya akan membentuk pribadi yang kurang disiplin. Untuk mengatasi hal ini perlu adanya metode untuk memodifikasi perilaku prokrastinasi tersebut, salah satunya adalah layanan konseling kelompok dengan teknik token economy.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodifikasi perilaku prokrastinasi akademik melalui konseling kelompok dengan teknik token economy pada siswa kelas X TP SMK N 1 Wonoasri Kabupaten Madiun.Penelitian ini dirancang dengan menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen dengan desain Pretest and Post Test Groub. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X TP SMKN 1 Wonoasri Kabupaten Madiun sebanyak 72 siswa. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yaitu siswa kelas X TP sebanyak 17 orang. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode angket, sedangkan untuk menganalisis data menggunakan teknik T-testHasil dari analisis data dengan rumus t-test dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Dengan tingkat signifikansi α=0,05 dan 2,12. Lalu diketahui bahwa 2,172. Dari data tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa Ha = signifikan atau diterima, karena > (2,120) . Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa layanan konseling kelompok dengan teknik token ekonomi dapat merubah/menurunkan perilaku prokrastinasi akademik pada siswa kelas X TP SMKN 1 Wonoasri Kabupaten Madiun. Kata kunci: konseling kelompok, token economy, prokrastinasi akademik

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Overcorrection Treatment for Radical Reduction of Aggressive-Disruptive Behavior in Institutionalized Mental Patients

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1974.35.1.655 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 655-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Joan H. Sumner ◽

Louis Hsu ◽

Sonja T. Mueser ◽

Rafael G. Morales

Keyword(s):

Disruptive Behavior ◽

Positive Reinforcement ◽

Extended Period ◽

Token Economy ◽

Maladaptive Behavior ◽

Physical Disorder ◽

Control Group ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

General Psychological Distress ◽

Radical Reduction

This study was designed to extend and evaluate a new treatment, overcorrection, for the radical reduction of aggressive-disruptive behavior. The treatment emphasized four specific attributes. The first was reeducation in prosocial adaptive responses; the second was an extended period of work and effort; the third was time out from general positive reinforcement; the fourth was the prevention of any reinforcement from the disruptive behavior itself. The overcorrection treatment in this study stressed the cognitive modality so that the patient would accept and internalize full responsibility for her behavior. Ss were 7 chronic female patients in a behavior-modification token-economy program in a state mental hospital. The treatment consisted of having S restore her disturbance to an extent that greatly improved the previous situation. Overcorrection required S to apologize and reassure all persons present that the disturbance would not be repeated. S was instructed verbally or guided manually in alleviating the general psychological distress or physical disorder caused by her aggressive-disruptive behavior. The data showed that the average reduction for experimental Ss at the end of 8 wk. was 91%. The average reduction for all controls at the end of 8 wk. was 55%. However, the monotonic decreasing trend of the mean number of incidents over weeks for the experimental group was significantly greater (α = 0.02) than that of the control group. Additional data indicated that the inhibition of the maladaptive behavior lasted with little assistance from the staff. Thus, overcorrection may be considered a generally effective therapeutic procedure. The unexpected significant reduction in the control group was ascribed to the influence of modeling.

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Token Economy - a Positive Reinforcement Program for Children

International Journal of Psychiatric Nursing ◽

10.5958/2395-180x.2015.00005.5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

C Sheeba

Keyword(s):

Positive Reinforcement ◽

Token Economy ◽

Reinforcement Program

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Token Economy for Sustainable Education in the Future: A Scoping Review

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su14020716 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 716

Author(s):

Kim Hua Tan ◽

Mathura Kasiveloo ◽

Imran Ho Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Teaching Methods ◽

Behavior Management ◽

Positive Reinforcement ◽

Token Economy ◽

Learning Engagement ◽

Teaching Online ◽

Management Learning ◽

Review Protocol ◽

The Impact

This research aims to examine the use of a token economy for education sustainability. It presents a recent review and evaluation of the token economy used among young learners and learners with special needs for behavior management and learning engagement in teaching. Online articles from Google Scholar, ERIC, and UKMLibrary were used. The terms used for reviewing the articles were token economy, token systems, positive reinforcement, and rewards. The scoping review protocol was used for this study. A total of 60 relevant articles published from 2000 to 2020 were filtered and grouped into three major themes for review: behavior management, learning engagement, and types of tokens. Findings suggested that although previous research had examined the impact of a token economy on behavior management and learning engagement, there was limited research on the correlation between teaching methods and social fairness. Teachers as the main participants in assessing the effectiveness of a token economy, were also lacking. Additionally, the use of social and physical reinforcers was found to assist in obtaining the desired behaviors and learning engagement from participants, thereby enabling them to sustain learners’ interest in future lessons.

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Self-Injurious Behavior vs. Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000127 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 106-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christopher M. Bloom ◽

Shareen Holly ◽

Adam M. P. Miller

Keyword(s):

Positive Reinforcement ◽

Empirical Investigation ◽

High Stress ◽

Animal Research ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Human Populations ◽

Pharmacological Interventions ◽

Self Injury ◽

Cns Stimulant ◽

Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Background: Historically, the field of self-injury has distinguished between the behaviors exhibited among individuals with a developmental disability (self-injurious behaviors; SIB) and those present within a normative population (nonsuicidal self-injury; NSSI),which typically result as a response to perceived stress. More recently, however, conclusions about NSSI have been drawn from lines of animal research aimed at examining the neurobiological mechanisms of SIB. Despite some functional similarity between SIB and NSSI, no empirical investigation has provided precedent for the application of SIB-targeted animal research as justification for pharmacological interventions in populations demonstrating NSSI. Aims: The present study examined this question directly, by simulating an animal model of SIB in rodents injected with pemoline and systematically manipulating stress conditions in order to monitor rates of self-injury. Methods: Sham controls and experimental animals injected with pemoline (200 mg/kg) were assigned to either a low stress (discriminated positive reinforcement) or high stress (discriminated avoidance) group and compared on the dependent measures of self-inflicted injury prevalence and severity. Results: The manipulation of stress conditions did not impact the rate of self-injury demonstrated by the rats. The results do not support a model of stress-induced SIB in rodents. Conclusions: Current findings provide evidence for caution in the development of pharmacotherapies of NSSI in human populations based on CNS stimulant models. Theoretical implications are discussed with respect to antecedent factors such as preinjury arousal level and environmental stress.

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