Dynamics of the Activity of MAP-Kinase Cascades in the Healing Process of Postoperative Musculocutaneous Wounds

Background. Management of the reparative process is an urgent task of modern medicine. In our opinion, the development of pathogenetically grounded approaches to optimizing the repair process for managing the interrelations of stromal cells is promising. One of the promising areas in this regard is the impact on the MAPK-cascades.Aim: to study the expression of MAP-kinase mechanisms in the regulation of repair by the example of a musculocutaneous wound.Methods. A linear muscular skin wound was modeled using Wistar rats weighing 220–250 g at the age of 9 months (n = 24). Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the activity of p38, JNK, and ERK MAPK cascades from 1 to 30 days.Results. It was established that specific staining in the area of connective tissue formation during staining with p38 MAPK and its phosphorylated form was first observed on the 3rd day, and its maximum severity occurred at the same time. On the 7th and 14th day, small zones in the area of scar formation were minimally stained. The phosphorylated part of the JNK-cascade in the zone of traumatic injury was detected starting from the 1st day after the injury. Bright color persisted on the 3rd day. On the 7th day, the color was minimal, and by the 14th day a second wave of expression was observed. ERK-staining was observed from the 1st to the 14th day with a peak activity on the 3rd day.Conclusion. Thus, we revealed the simultaneous involvement of p38, JNK-, and ERK-cascades in the regulation of the reparative process in the conditions of a musculoskeletal wound. At the same time, it is noteworthy that the peak activity of all cascades coincides and falls on the 3rd day.

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Hard-to-heal wounds, biofilm and wound healing: an intricate interrelationship

British Journal of Nursing ◽

10.12968/bjon.2020.29.5.s6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. S6-S13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria-Manuel Azevedo ◽

Carmen Lisboa ◽

Luís Cobrado ◽

Cidália Pina-Vaz ◽

Acácio Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Healing Process ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Normal Wound Healing ◽

Efficient Management ◽

Acute Wound ◽

Reparative Process ◽

The Impact

Hard-to-heal wounds are a major public health problem that incur high economic costs. A major source of morbidity, they can have an overwhelming impact on patients, caregivers and society. In contrast to acute wound healing, which follows an ‘orderly and timely reparative process', the healing of hard-to-heal wounds is delayed because the usual biological progression is interrupted. This article discusses hard-to-heal wounds, the impact they have on patients and healthcare systems, and how biofilms and other factors affect the wound-healing process. Controlling and preventing infection is of utmost importance for normal wound healing. Rational use of anti-infectious agents is crucial and is particularly relevant in the context of rising healthcare costs. Knowledge of the complex relationship between hard-to-heal wounds, biofilm formation and wound healing is vital for efficient management of hard-to-heal wounds.

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Treatment Peculiarity of the Chronic Trophic Ulcers with Different Pathogenic Mechanism

Acta Balneologica ◽

10.36740/abal202001102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 12-16

Author(s):

Oksana K. Melekhovets ◽

Tetyana O. Kharchenko ◽

Victor F. Orlovskiy ◽

Iuirii V. Melekhovets ◽

Alevtina S. Radko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Healing Process ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Chronic Venous Disease ◽

Venous Disease ◽

Second Stage ◽

Group 2

Introduction: Trophic ulcers of the lower extremities are an unresolved problem of modern medicine. The treatment of this pathology requires new methods that optimize care regimens and improve patients’ quality of life. Aim: The study to improve efficacy of treatment of the patients with trophic ulcers of the lower limbs with consideration to pathogenesis. M aterials and Methods: The study included 32 patients with chronic venous disease C6 (1st group) and 31 with diabetes mellitus type 2, moderate severity, compensation stage with diabetic foot syndrome II stage according to Wagner’s classification (2nd group). In addition to basic therapy in both groups photodynamic therapy was added at the first stage of the study, and at the second stage plasma rich in growth factors was prescribed. Results: At baseline evaluating of the chronic venous disease demonstrates that a total score in patient of the 1st group was 20,9 points on a modified VCSS scale; after two weeks – 15,71 points (improvement by 24.83%), and 6 weeks after–9,72 points (improvement by 53.49%). In patients with DM (2nd group) at the baseline a total score average was 13,91 points according to S(AD)SAD-1 scale; after 2 weeks – 12,29 (improvement by 11,65%), after 6 weeks – 6,39 points (improvement by 54,06%). Conclusions: The inclusion of photodynamic therapy and plasmatherapy in complex therapy in both groups led to a significant improvement of the healing process and helps to reduce the depth and area of the wound surface. However, the wound healing in patients in group 2 was slower.

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Age-Dependent Decline in Neuron Growth Potential and Mitochondria Functions in Cortical Neurons

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10071625 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1625

Author(s):

Theresa C. Sutherland ◽

Arthur Sefiani ◽

Darijana Horvat ◽

Taylor E. Huntington ◽

Yuanjiu Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cortical Neurons ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Axon Growth ◽

Neurite Growth ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Mitochondrial Functions ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Mitochondria Functions ◽

The Impact

The age of incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) and the average age of people living with SCI is continuously increasing. However, SCI is extensively modeled in young adult animals, hampering translation of research to clinical applications. While there has been significant progress in manipulating axon growth after injury, the impact of aging is still unknown. Mitochondria are essential to successful neurite and axon growth, while aging is associated with a decline in mitochondrial functions. Using isolation and culture of adult cortical neurons, we analyzed mitochondrial changes in 2-, 6-, 12- and 18-month-old mice. We observed reduced neurite growth in older neurons. Older neurons also showed dysfunctional respiration, reduced membrane potential, and altered mitochondrial membrane transport proteins; however, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance and cellular ATP were increased. Taken together, these data suggest that dysfunctional mitochondria in older neurons may be associated with the age-dependent reduction in neurite growth. Both normal aging and traumatic injury are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, posing a challenge for an aging SCI population as the two elements can combine to worsen injury outcomes. The results of this study highlight this as an area of great interest in CNS trauma.

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Suicide Loss Survivors: Navigating Social Stigma and Threats to Social Bonds

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.1177/00302228211026513 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003022282110265

Author(s):

Dorothy M. Goulah-Pabst

Keyword(s):

Social Stigma ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Healing Process ◽

Personal Narratives ◽

The Body ◽

Social Solidarity ◽

Sociological Study ◽

Social Challenges ◽

The Social ◽

The Impact

The complicated grief experienced by suicide loss survivors leads to feelings of abandonment, rejection, intense self-blame, and depression. Stigma surrounding suicide further burdens survivors who can experience rejection by their community and social networks. Research in the field of psychology has delved into the grieving process of suicide loss survivors, however the effects of suicide require more sociological study to fully understand and support the impact of the suicidal bereavement process on the social interactions and relationships of those left behind after death. This study aims to contribute to the body of research exploring the social challenges faced after the suicide of a loved one. Based on the analysis of powerful personal narratives through qualitative interviews shared by 14 suicide loss survivors this study explores the social construction of the grieving and healing process for suicide loss survivors. Recognizing that the most reliable relief is in commiseration with like experienced people, this research points to the support group as a builder of social solidarity. The alienation caused by the shame and stigma of suicide loss can be reversed by the feelings of attachment to the group that listens, understands and accepts. Groups created by and for suicide loss survivors should be considered a necessary tool to be used toward healing those who suffer from loss by suicide.

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Effect of a Calcium-silicate-based Restorative Cement on Pulp Repair

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034512460833 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 91 (12) ◽

pp. 1166-1171 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

X.V. Tran ◽

C. Gorin ◽

C. Willig ◽

B. Baroukh ◽

B. Pellat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Silicate ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Repair Process ◽

Male Rats ◽

Time Points ◽

Tertiary Dentin ◽

Pulp Exposure ◽

Calcium Silicate Cements ◽

Reparative Process ◽

Dentin Formation

In cases of pulp injury, capping materials are used to enhance tertiary dentin formation; Ca(OH)2 and MTA are the current gold standards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of a new calcium-silicate-based restorative cement to induce pulp healing in a rat pulp injury model. For that purpose, cavities with mechanical pulp exposure were prepared on maxillary first molars of 27 six-week-old male rats, and damaged pulps were capped with either the new calcium-silicate-based restorative cement (Biodentine), MTA, or Ca(OH)2. Cavities were sealed with glass-ionomer cement, and the repair process was assessed at several time-points. At day 7, our results showed that both the evaluated cement and MTA induced cell proliferation and formation of mineralization foci, which were strongly positive for osteopontin. At longer time-points, we observed the formation of a homogeneous dentin bridge at the injury site, secreted by cells displaying an odontoblastic phenotype. In contrast, the reparative tissue induced by Ca(OH)2 showed porous organization, suggesting a reparative process different from those induced by calcium silicate cements. Analysis of these data suggests that the evaluated cement can be used for direct pulp-capping.

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Can Optimizing the Mechanical Environment Deliver a Clinically Significant Reduction in Fracture Healing Time?

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9060691 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 691

Author(s):

Jan Barcik ◽

Devakara R. Epari

Keyword(s):

Fracture Healing ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Mechanical Stimulation ◽

Callus Formation ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Healing Process ◽

Healing Time ◽

Mechanical Environment ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

The Impact

The impact of the local mechanical environment in the fracture gap on the bone healing process has been extensively investigated. Whilst it is widely accepted that mechanical stimulation is integral to callus formation and secondary bone healing, treatment strategies that aim to harness that potential are rare. In fact, the current clinical practice with an initially partial or non-weight-bearing approach appears to contradict the findings from animal experiments that early mechanical stimulation is critical. Therefore, we posed the question as to whether optimizing the mechanical environment over the course of healing can deliver a clinically significant reduction in fracture healing time. In reviewing the evidence from pre-clinical studies that investigate the influence of mechanics on bone healing, we formulate a hypothesis for the stimulation protocol which has the potential to shorten healing time. The protocol involves confining stimulation predominantly to the proliferative phase of healing and including adequate rest periods between applications of stimulation.

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The association of psychiatric and neurological comorbidities with outcomes in traumatic injury patients

The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine ◽

10.1177/0091217421989147 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009121742198914

Author(s):

Jennifer Brady ◽

R David Hayward ◽

Elango Edhayan

Keyword(s):

Length Of Stay ◽

Psychiatric Illness ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Linear Modeling ◽

Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽

Trauma Outcomes ◽

Hospital Stays ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Introduction Mental illness is a well-known risk factor for injury and injury recidivism. The impact of pre-existing psychiatric illness on trauma outcomes, however, has received less attention. Our study examines the relationship of pre-existing psychiatric illness on trauma outcomes including length of stay, cost, and mortality. Methods Patient data were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s State Inpatient Database. All patients admitted for trauma in the Detroit metropolitan area from 1/1/2006 to 12/31/2014 were included. The relationship between individual psychiatric comorbidities (depression, psychosis, and other neurological disorders) and outcomes were evaluated with logistic regression (mortality) and generalized linear modeling (length of stay and cost). Results Over 260,000 records were reviewed. Approximately one-third (29.9%) of patients had one or more psychiatric diagnoses. Patients with depression had longer hospital stays (RR = 1.12, p < 0.001) and higher costs (RR = 1.07, p < 0.001), but also lower mortality (OR = 0.69, p < 0.001). Patients with psychosis had longer stays (RR = 1.18, p < 0.001), higher costs (RR = 1.02, p = 0.002), and lower mortality (OR = 0.61, p < 0.001). Patients with other neurological comorbidities had higher mortality (OR = 1.23, p < 0.001), longer stays (RR = 1.29, p < 0.001), and higher costs (RR = 1.10, p < 0.001). Conclusion Patients with a psychiatric disorder required longer care and incurred greater costs, whereas mortality was higher for only those with a neurological disorder. Identifying patients’ psychiatric comorbidities at the time of admission for trauma may help optimize treatment. Addressing these conditions may help reduce the cost of trauma care.

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Dynamic Repair and Robust Optimization of Complex Networks

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/4131502 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Pengtao Zhang ◽

Peng Bai ◽

Chaoqi Fu ◽

Shanshan Li

Keyword(s):

Energy Transfer ◽

Repair Process ◽

Recovery Efficiency ◽

Repair Strategy ◽

Coupling Structure ◽

Secondary Failure ◽

Fundamental Reason ◽

Network Functions ◽

The Impact ◽

Failure Node

Network repair is indispensable for maintaining network security. Conventional static repair is relatively inefficient. In this study, by considering the energy transfer between nodes, a dynamic repair model was established. The fundamental reason for the secondary failure of repaired nodes during the dynamic repair process is the coupling structure of failure networks. A dynamic repair strategy was proposed that can effectively prevent the secondary failure of repair nodes influenced by energy during repair and can cause the redundant capacity of repair nodes to be used reasonably. By turning off the energy transfer function of the link to control the excessive flow of energy into the repair node to avoid the occurrence of secondary failure; on the other hand, by sharing part of the load of the failure node, realize the rational use of the redundant capacity of the repair node to reduce the impact of the failure node on the overall function of the network. The proposed strategy mitigated the effect of failure nodes on network functions and substantially improved the recovery efficiency of network functions. Furthermore, redundant edges, behaving as energy redundant links in a network structure, can considerably improve the robustness of the network by optimizing the removal of redundant edges. Dynamic repair is not only an efficient repair method but also a highly flexible choice for network repair.

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Communication as a Key Issue in the Care of Diabetes Mellitus

Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases ◽

10.1515/rjdnmd-2015-0037 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 305-310

Author(s):

Elena-Daniela Grigorescu ◽

Cristina Mihaela Lăcătuşu ◽

Gina Eosefina Botnariu ◽

Raluca Maria Popescu ◽

Alina Delia Popa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Medical Care ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Therapeutic Education ◽

Communicative Interaction ◽

Patient Centered ◽

Patient’S Satisfaction ◽

Communication Techniques ◽

Physician Patient ◽

The Impact

Abstract The physician-patient communication has an essential role in establishing and supporting the relationship between these two partners. Moreover, modern medicine highlights the patient-centered approach. Publications assessing the impact of an efficient physicianpatient communication on medical care results in diseases such as diabetes and hypertension have revealed a positive correlation between patient’s satisfaction about the communication with the physician and values of blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin and pain intensity. Interventions needed in both doctors and patients for developing communication abilities were paid special attention in order to achieve an appropriate improvement in their communicative interaction during periodical appointments. In the field of diabetes mellitus, the medical challenge is to improve patients’ knowledge about medical care; this aim is achieved only by therapeutic education, using high-quality communication techniques.

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Coping Strategies in Patients with Schizophrenia at Naimata Mental Hospital

Timorese Journal of Public Health ◽

10.35508/tjph.v2i2.3017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 97-109

Author(s):

Generosus Magnum Marianus Haman ◽

Tadeus A.L Regaletha ◽

Dominirsep O Dodo

Keyword(s):

Problem Solving ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Mental Hospital ◽

Healing Process ◽

Cognitive Domain ◽

Problem Solving Skills ◽

Medical Diagnoses ◽

Inpatient Ward ◽

Motivational Support ◽

The Impact

Schizophrenia is one of the most common medical diagnoses of mental disorders and is a severe mental disorder that is influenced by biological, psychological and environmental factors. Schizophrenics have cognitive and behavioral disorders, so they have difficulty in determining appropriate coping. Koping is meant a process in order to change the cognitive domain and or behavior constantly to regulate and control external and internal demands and pressures. The purpose of this study was to determine coping strategies in schizophrenia the maintenance stage patients in the inpatient ward of the Naimata Kupang mental hospital. This type of research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were 70 patients with Schizophrenia. The sample in this study were 30 patients with schisophrenia. The results obtained are that there is no impact from physical health and education on the application of coping strategies to Schizophrenia patients. The impact of positive beliefs (Emotion Focused Coping), problem solving skills (Problem Focused Coping), social and occupational support or socioeconomic status on the application of coping strategies to schizophrenia patients. The type of Emotion Focused Coping used is the highest type of Distancing and the Escape-Avodiance type while for the type of use of Problem Focused Coping there are Confrontative-Coping, Planfull Problem Solving and Seeking Social Support. Hospitals and families are expected to always provide support to patients both in the form of verbal and non verbal, material, and motivational support to be able to support the healing process of schizophrenic patients.

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