scholarly journals Effects of Packing Methods of the Filter Media on Substrate Degradation and Bacteria Distribution in Anaerobic Filter System

1990 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 357-366,355
Author(s):  
Makoto TAKANO ◽  
Tatsuya NOIKE
Keyword(s):  
Filter Media ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Substrate Degradation

Reductive transformation of tetrachloroethylene to ethylene and ethane by an anaerobic filter

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Komatsu ◽  
Jun Shinmyo ◽  
Kiyoshi Momonoi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Groundwater Contaminants ◽  
Reductive Transformation ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Chlorinated Ethylenes ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Low Concentrations

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is one of the most common groundwater contaminants in Japan. PCE can be completely dechlorinated to ethylene (ETY) and ethane (ETA) by anaerobic microorganisms in the presence of a suitable electron donor. This study was conducted to examine the feasibility of using an anaerobic filter for the degradation of PCE in a bioremediation process. Laboratory-scale anaerobic filters were operated at 25°C using ethanol as the electron donor. Rapid start-up of the reactors was achieved by using anaerobic completely PCE-dechlorinating enrichment cultures as the inoculum. During the continuous operating periods, low concentrations (2.8 mg/L) of PCE were almost completely dechlorinated to ETY and ETA at hydraulic retention times of 49-15 hours with 100 mgCOD/L of ethanol. PCE concentrations as high as 80 mg/L was dechlorinated to ETY with a relatively low supply (200 mgCOD/L) of ethanol. Results of this study suggest that the anaerobic filter system is a feasible bioremediation process for the cleanup of groundwater which is contaminated by chlorinated ethylenes.

scholarly journals Research of Emission Decrease using Venturi Vacuum in Three-Stage Filter Wet Scrubber Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3S) ◽  
pp. 232-234
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Wet Scrubber ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
So2 Gas

Control of gas emissions from incinerator combustion needs to be done to prevent air pollution. One of the tools to reduce gas emissions is by using a venturi vacuum in a wet scrubber three-stage filter system. This research was conducted to determine whether there is an influence of the filter media size and filter media height. The filter media that used are PVC pipes with filter media sizes varying 2 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm. The height of the filter media varies 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm. The parameters studied were NO, CO, and SO2 gas emissions. Result data from the study was carried out statistical tests using One-way Anova to determine the relationship of the influence of variables and parameters on the efficiency of the wet scrubber three-stage filter reactor. The results of the study using a venturi vacuum reactor obtained the highest efficiency values of 66,67% (NO), 29,69% (CO), and 66,87% (SO2). This is contrary to SO2 which has the highest solubility value in water compared to the solubility values of NO and CO.

Corrugated Flute Filter Media Packaging Reduces Combustion Turbine Intake Air Filter System Size by 40%

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Gahr
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
System Size ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Self Cleaning

Gas turbine output and mass flow have increased significantly over the years. The current generation of self cleaning air filter systems are large and complex, occupying a great deal of space, and requiring significant amounts of field assembly. A new filter technology developed for gas turbine intake air systems allows for the same high efficiency self cleaning performance to be achieved with a system that has a 40% smaller three dimensional footprint. This new corrugated flute filter media packaging technology not only reduces the size of the intake filter system, but can also reduce the complexity of the installation, shorten field installation time, and reduce the total cost of shipping by up to 50%. The key to this size reduction is a new way to package the filter media that allows for twice the airflow per filter at the same initial pressure loss and filtration efficiency as the current industry standard self cleaning filter systems. This paper will discuss the benefits of corrugated flute filter media packaging, and highlight the size reduction possible in the self cleaning air intake system. The resulting advantages are documented through laboratory and field experience.

Anaerobic Treatment of Yeast Plant Effluent in Fermentation Reactor System Compared with an Upflow Filter System

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Apolinarski
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Reactor System ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Anaerobic Filter

A laboratory-scale study was conducted on a two-stage fermentation reactor system and an upflow anaerobic filter system at several loading rates and hydraulic retention times. Feed substrate was wastewater from yeast production plant. The hydraulic residence time for first-stage fermentation reactor was 7 days and loading rate was in the range of 1.1-2.3 kg COD m−3d−1. The hydraulic residence time for second-stage fermentation reactor was 3.5 days and loading rate was 0.8-1.0 kg COD m−3d−1. Upflow anaerobic filter was operated at hydraulic retention time ranging from 5 to 2 days and loading rates ranging from 0.5 to 4.5 kg COD m−3 d−1. Despite shorter residence time, higher purification effects have been achieved for upflow anaerobic filter than for I-stage digestion reactor. For anaerobic upflow filter 61%-68% of COD reduction has been achieved at loading rates 3.5-4.0 kg COD m−3 d−1 and retention time of 2 days. For both systems in comparison the relationship between purification effects and volumetric organic load has been established. Amount of generated fermentation gas has been measured and composition of that gas has been analysed. Methane content in fermentation gas was in the range of 6l%-64%, hydrogen sulfide content was 0.5%-1.9%. Laboratory experiments were carried out at the temperature 33°C.

Behavior of suspended solids and anaerobic bacteria in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Miyahara ◽  
T. Noike
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Substrate Degradation

Effects of packing of the filter media on substrate degradation and on behavior of anaerobic bacteria were investigated using an upflow anaerobic fixed bed reactor operated at 20°C. A low strength synthetic wastewater containing suspended solids was used as the substrate. Here, cellulose corresponds to suspended solids in domestic sewage. The effluent water quality is improved remarkably by packing of the filter media. Packing of the filter media promotes the degradation of insoluble matter as well as soluble matter of the influent. Insoluble matter (cellulose) in the influent does not accumulate in the interstitial space of the filter media and on the surface of the filter media, but acclimates in the lower part of the reactor. Packing of the filter media promotes the accumulation of lipolytic bacteria, acetate consuming methanogenic bacteria and hydrogen consuming methanogenic bacteria in the space where filter media were packed. Hydrolysis reaction of cellulose is promoted by packing of the filter media.

Electron Channelling Contrast Imaging of Dislocations

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
J.T. Czernuszka ◽  
N.J. Long ◽  
P.B. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Beam Divergence ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Electron Channelling

In the 1970s there was considerable interest in the development of the electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) technique for imaging near surface defects in bulk (electron opaque) specimens. The predictions of the theories were realised experimentally by Morin et al., who used a field emission gun (FEG) operating at 40-50kV and an energy filter such that only electrons which had lost no more than a few 100V were detected. This paper presents the results of a set of preliminary experiments which show that an energy filter system is unneccessary to image and characterise the Burgers vectors of dislocations in bulk specimens. The examples in the paper indicatethe general versatility of the technique.A VG HB501 STEM with a FEG was operated at 100kV. A single tilt cartridge was used in the reflection position of the microscope. A retractable back-scattered electron detector was fitted into the secondary electron port and positioned to within a few millimetres of the specimen. The image was acquired using a Synoptics Synergy framestore and digital scan generator and subsequently processed using Semper 6. The beam divergence with the specimen in this position was 2.5 mrads with a spot size of approximately 4nm. Electron channelling patterns were used to orientate the sample.

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