scholarly journals Toxicity of Methyl Benzoate and Analogs to Adult Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Nicholas R. Larson ◽  
Mahalet Nega ◽  
Aijun Zhang ◽  
Mark Feldlaufer
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Methyl Benzoate ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Common ◽  
Floral Volatile ◽  
Urban Pests

ABSTRACT Methyl benzoate is a natural product (floral volatile organic compound) that is currently used as a food flavoring ingredient. This compound has shown to be insecticidal in laboratory studies against agricultural and urban pests, including spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii, brown marmorated stink bug Hyalomorpha halys, the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella, and the common bed bug Cimex lectularius, to name several insect taxa. In this study we topically treated adult Aedes aegypti females with methyl benzoate and analogs and determined their toxicities. We found that among adult females, 4 analogs—butyl benzoate, n-pentyl benzoate, vinyl benzoate, and methyl 3-methoxybenzoate—were more toxic than the parent compound, methyl benzoate.

scholarly journals Dynamic histone acetylation in floral volatile synthesis and emission in petunia flowers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M Patrick ◽  
Xing-Qi Huang ◽  
Natalia Dudareva ◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Chemical Inhibitors ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Floral Volatile

Abstract Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites relies on primary metabolic pathways to provide precursors, energy, and cofactors, thus requiring coordinated regulation of primary and secondary metabolic networks. However, to date, it remains largely unknown how this coordination is achieved. Using Petunia hybrida flowers, which emit high levels of phenylpropanoid/benzenoid volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we uncovered genome-wide dynamic deposition of histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) during anthesis as an underlying mechanism to coordinate primary and secondary metabolic networks. The observed epigenome reprogramming is accompanied by transcriptional activation at gene loci involved in primary metabolic pathways that provide precursor phenylalanine, as well as secondary metabolic pathways to produce volatile compounds. We also observed transcriptional repression among genes involved in alternative phenylpropanoid branches that compete for metabolic precursors. We show that GNAT family histone acetyltransferase(s) (HATs) are required for the expression of genes involved in VOC biosynthesis and emission, by using chemical inhibitors of HATs, and by knocking down a specific HAT gene, ELP3, through transient RNAi. Together, our study supports that regulatory mechanisms at chromatin level may play an essential role in activating primary and secondary metabolic pathways to regulate VOC synthesis in petunia flowers.

scholarly journals Zika mosquito vectors: the jury is still out

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter S. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
The Common

After a 40-year hiatus, the International Congress of Entomology (ICE 2016) convened in Orlando, Florida (September 25-30, 2016). One of the symposia at ICE 2016, the Zika Symposium, covered multiple aspects of the Zika epidemic, including epidemiology, sexual transmission, genetic tools for reducing transmission, and particularly vector competence. While there was a consensus among participants that the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is a vector of the Zika virus, there is growing evidence indicating that the range of mosquito vectors might be wider than anticipated. In particular, three independent groups from Canada, China, and Brazil presented and discussed laboratory and field data strongly suggesting that the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, also known as the common mosquito, is highly likely to be a vector in certain environments.

scholarly journals Persistence of a Yeast-Based (Hanseniaspora uvarum) Attract-and-Kill Formulation against Drosophila suzukii on Grape Leaves

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Flavia Bianchi ◽  
Urban Spitaler ◽  
Irene Castellan ◽  
Carlo S. Cossu ◽  
Timothy Brigadoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Hanseniaspora Uvarum ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Attract And Kill ◽  
Over Time

The production of phagostimulant and attractive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by yeasts can be exploited to improve the efficacy of attract-and-kill formulations against the spotted wing drosophila (SWD). This study evaluated the persistence over one week of a yeast-based formulation under greenhouse conditions. Potted grape plants were treated with: (i) potato dextrose broth (PDB), (ii) PDB containing spinosad (PDB + S), and (iii) H. uvarum fermentation broth grown on PDB containing spinosad (H. u. + S). Laboratory trials were performed to determine the survival and the oviposition rate of SWD after exposure to treated leaves. Ion-exchange chromatography was performed to measure carbohydrates, sugar alcohols, and organic acids on leaf surfaces, while amino acids were assessed through liquid chromatography–mass-spectrometry. Additionally, the VOCs released by plants treated with H.uvarum were collected via closed-loop-stripping analysis and compared to those emitted by untreated leaves. A higher mortality was observed for adult SWDs in contact with H. uvarum containing spinosad compared to PDB containing spinosad. Generally, a decrease in the amounts of non-volatile compounds was observed over time, though numerous nutrients were still present one week after treatment. The application of the yeast-based formulation induced the emission of VOCs by the treated leaves. The concentration of 2-phenylethanol, one of the main VOCs emitted by yeasts, decreased over time. These findings describe the presence of potential phagostimulants and compounds attractive to SWD in a yeast-based attract-and-kill formulation and demonstrate the efficacy of the formulation over one week.

The Stomodaeal Nervous System, Neurosecretion, and Related Endocrine and Nervous Structures in Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess ◽  
J. G. Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Purple Colour ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
The Common

This exhibit represents some portions of a study of the stomodaeal nervous system, neurosecretory cells, corpora allata, corpora cardiaca, and prothoracic gland cells in post-embryonic stages of Aedes aegypti (L.), the yellow fever mosquito. Some of these structures share the common property of being involved in the production of hormones.Mosquitoes were reared under standard conditions. Larvae, pupae and adults were fixed at timed intervals in histological fixatives. Sectioned specimens were stained in Gomori's aldehyde-fuchsin, Gomori's chrome-haematoxyh-phloxin and other stains. The aldehyde-fuchsin technique, which imparted a bright purple colour to neurosecretory material, was particularly useful. Vita1 staining with methylene blue was used to trace the stomodaeal nervous system

scholarly journals Fumigation Activities of Methyl Benzoate and Its Derivatives Against the Common Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R Larson ◽  
Aijun Zhang ◽  
Mark F Feldlaufer
Keyword(s):  
Control Agent ◽  
Methyl Benzoate ◽  
Cimex Lectularius ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Control Product ◽  
The Common ◽  
Laboratory Assay

Abstract Common bed bug Cimex lectularius (L.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) infestations are on the rise and due to the development of pesticide resistance they are becoming more difficult to control, affordably. We evaluated a naturally occurring compound methyl benzoate (MB) and related analogs, previously reported to have insecticidal activity on several agricultural pests, for its fumigant action on the common bed bug, C. lectularius L. A discriminating concentration was used to determine the effectiveness of MB, and several of its analogs as fumigants in a laboratory assay. It was found that MB provided >90% control of adult bed bugs in this laboratory fumigant assay. LC50 values were calculated for MB against both a pyrethroid-susceptible and a pyrethroid-resistant strain of common bed bugs. It was determined that both strains were susceptible in this laboratory assay. However, when MB was tested in a field-like assay and compared to a commercially available bed bug control product, it was found to be significantly less effective compared to the commercial product. Our study has found that while MB has the potential to be used as a bed bug control agent, refinements in the delivery system will be needed to increase efficacy under field-like conditions.

scholarly journals Measurements of hydrocarbon emissions from a boreal fen using the REA technique

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Haapanala ◽  
J. Rinne ◽  
K.-H. Pystynen ◽  
H. Hellén ◽  
H. Hakola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Halogenated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Isoprene Emission ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Common ◽  
Significant Flux

Abstract. Fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC) and methane were measured above a boreal fen. Vegetation on the fen is dominated by Sphagnum mosses and sedges. A relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) system with dynamic deadband was designed and constructed for the measurements. Methane, C2-C6 hydrocarbons and some halogenated hydrocarbons were analysed from the samples by gas chromatographs equipped with FID and ECD. A significant flux of isoprene and methane was detected during the growing seasons. Isoprene emission was found to follow the common isoprene emission algorithm. Average standard emission potential of isoprene was 680 µg m-2 h-1. Fluxes of other non-methane hydrocarbons were below detection limit.

Study of the Interaction of Colorimetric Sensor Array and Volatile Organic Compounds Based on Density Functional Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 1095-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yang Gu ◽  
Yan Hui Sun ◽  
Xing Yi Huang ◽  
Huang Dai
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Colorimetric Sensor Array ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage Industry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Common

Colorimetric sensor array (CSA) is proved to be a low-cost, simple and sensitive method for the detection and identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from food or beverage. The common strategy for sensor design is relied on experiment and experience that require so much money and time and limit the application of CSA method in the food and beverage industry. In this study, theoretical method named density functional theory (DFT) had been carried out to investigate the ability of CSA senor to bind VOCs. The energy change profile for each model was obtained by subtracting the energies of the CSA sensor before and after binding with VOCs. The result reflects that Manganese porphyrin (MnP) avoids the common interference of oxygen (O2) from the environment and is sensitive to the VOCs called trimethylamine (L1), propanol (L2), propane (L3), ethyl acetate (L4), butanone (L5), and propionaldehyde (L6) and the similar VOCs. This study suggests that MnP is an important and useful dye in the CSA sensor for its application in the food and beverage industry.

Behavioral Activity of Methyl Benzoate Against the Common Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-349
Author(s):  
Nicholas R. Larson ◽  
Jaime Strickland ◽  
Aijun Zhang ◽  
Mark F. Feldlaufer
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Methyl Benzoate ◽  
Cimex Lectularius ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Control Product ◽  
The Common ◽  
Behavioral Action

Abstract We evaluated a botanical compound, methyl benzoate, which was previously shown to have insecticidal activity on several agricultural pests, for its behavioral action on the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. Methyl benzoate, along with acetophenone and Cirkil™, a commercially available bed bug control product, exhibited repellent action against bed bugs in an EthoVision video system designed to track the movement of individuals.

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