scholarly journals Policy on the Special Treatment of High Risk Prisoners in the Batu Nusakambangan Class I Prison

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Khanifudin
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Class I ◽  
Special Treatment

scholarly journals PENANGANAN NARAPIDANA RISIKO TINGGI DALAM PEMENUHAN HAK-HAKNYA UNTUK MENDAPATKAN PROGRAM PEMBEBASAN BERSYARAT DI LAPAS KELAS I MAKASSAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Rosliani Rosliani ◽  
Marwan Mas ◽  
Abdul Salam Siku
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Class I ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Treatment Policies

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pemberian pembebasan bersyarat bagi narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (LAPAS) Kelas I Makassar serta mengetahui bagaimana perlakuan khusus terhadap narapidana risiko tinggi di dalam lembaga pemasyarakatan serta implementasi kebijakan perlakuan khusus terhadap narapidana risiko tinggi di lembaga pemasyarakatan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kota Makassar pada Kantor Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Kota Makassar. Metode yang digunakan penulis adalah pendekatan normative empiris. Maksudnya pendekatan yang dilakukan untuk menganalisa tentang sejauh manakah suatu peraturan atau perundang-undangan atau hukum yang sedang berlaku secara efektif dalam masyarakat mengenai pelaksanaan pemberian pembebasan bersyarat bagi narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (LAPAS) Kelas I Makassar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penanganan narapidana resiko tinggi pada Lapas Kelas I Makassar sudah cukup efektif dengan menempatkan narapidana resiko tinggi ditempat terpisah dengan narapidana tindak pidana lain serta pemberian program pembebasan bersyarat agar narapidana memperoleh kesempatan beradaptasi dan berbaur kembali dengan masyarakat luas. This study aims to determine the implementation of parole for prisoners in Class I Penitentiary (LAPAS) Makassar and to find out how the special treatment of high-risk prisoners in penitentiary and the implementation of special treatment policies for high-risk prisoners in penitentiary. This research was conducted in Makassar in the Class I Penitentiary Office. The method used was an empirical normative approach. The purpose of this approach taken was to analyze the extent of a regulation or legislation or law applicable in the community regarding the implementation of granting parole for prisoners in Class I Penitentiary Makassar. The results of this study indicate that the handling of high-risk prisoners in Class I Penitentiary Makassar is quite effective by placing high-risk prisoners separated from other criminal inmates and providing parole programs so that prisoners have the opportunity to adapt and socialise with a wider community.

scholarly journals Results of a randomized, double-blind phase II clinical trial of NY-ESO-1 vaccine with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant versus ISCOMATRIX alone in participants with high-risk resected melanoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000410
Author(s):  
Jonathan S Cebon ◽  
Martin Gore ◽  
John F Thompson ◽  
Ian D Davis ◽  
Grant A McArthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hla Class I Molecules

BackgroundTo compare the clinical efficacy of New York Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) vaccine with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant versus ISCOMATRIX alone in a randomized, double-blind phase II study in participants with fully resected melanoma at high risk of recurrence.MethodsParticipants with resected stage IIc, IIIb, IIIc and IV melanoma expressing NY-ESO-1 were randomized to treatment with three doses of NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX or ISCOMATRIX adjuvant administered intramuscularly at 4-week intervals, followed by a further dose at 6 months. Primary endpoint was the proportion free of relapse at 18 months in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and two per-protocol populations. Secondary endpoints included relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), safety and NY-ESO-1 immunity.ResultsThe ITT population comprised 110 participants, with 56 randomized to NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX and 54 to ISCOMATRIX alone. No significant toxicities were observed. There were no differences between the study arms in relapses at 18 months or for median time to relapse; 139 vs 176 days (p=0.296), or relapse rate, 27 (48.2%) vs 26 (48.1%) (HR 0.913; 95% CI 0.402 to 2.231), respectively. RFS and OS were similar between the study arms. Vaccine recipients developed strong positive antibody responses to NY-ESO-1 (p≤0.0001) and NY-ESO-1-specific CD4+and CD8+responses. Biopsies following relapse did not demonstrate differences in NY-ESO-1 expression between the study populations although an exploratory study demonstrated reduced (NY-ESO-1)+/Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I+double-positive cells in biopsies from vaccine recipients performed on relapse in 19 participants.ConclusionsThe vaccine was well tolerated, however, despite inducing antigen-specific immunity, it did not affect survival endpoints. Immune escape through the downregulation of NY-ESO-1 and/or HLA class I molecules on tumor may have contributed to relapse.

scholarly journals Safety Standard for Special Class Damslopes Based on Reliability Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lingzhi Huang ◽  
Zheng Si ◽  
Xiaoqi Du ◽  
Lifeng Wen ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Special Class ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Risk Levels

The risk of slope failure is determined by the degree of damage caused by the slope slide. For the special-high slope of some high-risk water conservancy and hydropower projects, the standard should be appropriately raised. Thus, the safety standard for these slopes is explored on the basis of reliability analysis. The slopes with high risk of failure are divided into special class I and special class II slopes depending on the risk levels and acceptable risk standards. The concept of reliability theory-based relative ratio of the safety margin is utilized to establish the relationship between annual failure probability and safety factor, thereby obtaining the reasonable safety factors for different slopes. Results show that the values of safety factors for special class I and special class II are 1.40 and 1.35, respectively. These results can provide a reference for exploring the safety standards of dams with a height of more than 200 m.

scholarly journals Autoimmune vitiligo is associated with gain-of-function by a transcriptional regulator that elevates expression of HLA-A*02:01 in vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 1357-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Hayashi ◽  
Ying Jin ◽  
Daniel Yorgov ◽  
Stephanie A. Santorico ◽  
James Hagman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Risk Allele ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Class I ◽  
Strong Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Risk Haplotype ◽  
Transcriptional Enhancer ◽  
Gain Of Function

HLA-A is a class I major histocompatibility complex receptor that presents peptide antigens on the surface of most cells. Vitiligo, an autoimmune disease in which skin melanocytes are destroyed by cognate T cells, is associated with variation in the HLA-A gene; specifically HLA-A*02:01, which presents multiple vitiligo melanocyte autoantigens. Refined genetic mapping localizes vitiligo risk in the HLA-A region to an SNP haplotype ∼20-kb downstream, spanning an ENCODE element with many characteristics of a transcriptional enhancer. Convergent CTCF insulator sites flanking the HLA-A gene promoter and the predicted transcriptional regulator, with apparent interaction between these sites, suggests this element regulates the HLA-A promoter. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects homozygous for the high-risk haplotype expressed 39% more HLA-A RNA than cells from subjects carrying nonhigh-risk haplotypes (P = 0.0048). Similarly, RNAseq analysis of 1,000 Genomes Project data showed more HLA-A mRNA expressed in subjects homozygous for the high-risk allele of lead SNP rs60131261 than subjects homozygous for the low-risk allele (P = 0.006). Reporter plasmid transfection and genomic run-on sequence analyses confirm that the HLA-A transcriptional regulator contains multiple bidirectional promoters, with greatest activity on the high-risk haplotype, although it does not behave as a classic enhancer. Vitiligo risk associated with the MHC class I region thus derives from combined quantitative and qualitative phenomena: a SNP haplotype in a transcriptional regulator that induces gain-of-function, elevating expression of HLA-A RNA in vivo, in strong linkage disequilibrium with an HLA-A allele that confers *02:01 specificity.

Lack of HLA Class I Ligands for Autologous Inhibitory KIR Is Associated with Improved Survival Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for Children with Neuroblastoma.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3322-3322
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M Venstrom ◽  
Junting Zheng ◽  
Reenat S Hasan ◽  
Karen E Danis ◽  
Irene Y Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Hla Ligand ◽  
Myeloablative Chemotherapy

Abstract Background: In hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for hematologic malignancies, natural killer (NK) cells contribute to tumor eradication such that leukemia patients lacking the HLA class I ligand for the donor NK inhibitory killer Ig-like receptors (KIR) have lower relapse rates and longer survival. Since myeloablative chemotherapy followed by autologous HSCT (ASCT) improves survival for children with high risk neuroblastoma (a tumor sensitive to NK killing) we hypothesize that NK cells may be active in this setting and that KIR-HLA combinations where the patient lacks HLA class I ligands for autologous KIR may be associated with improved clinical outcomes. Methods: 155 children with high risk neuroblastoma received myeloablative chemotherapy followed by ASCT between 1992 and 2004. Most patients received anti-GD2 antibody 3F8 and 13-cis-retinoic acid following ASCT. HLA and KIR genotyping was performed. Patients were segregated according to those with or without HLA class I ligand for autologous inhibitory KIR. We examined the 3 inhibitory KIR groups with identified class I ligands: KIR2DL2/2DL3, which recognize HLA-CAsn80(HLA-C1 group), KIR2DL1 recognizing HLA-C Lys80(HLA-C2 group), and KIR3DL1 recognizing HLA-Bw4; as well as 6 activating KIR and 2 KIR haplotype groups. Overall survival and progression-free survival were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and hazard ratios by Cox regression. No adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. Comparisons of each end point were based on the log-rank statistics. Results: 66% of the 155 children lacked at least 1 HLA ligand for his/ her inhibitory KIR. With median followup of 66.8 months, patients lacking a KIR ligand (n=103) had a 45% lower risk of death compared with patients with all HLA ligands present (n=52) (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.33–0.90; P=0.015). Similarly, for progression-free survival, the risk of relapse or death was 39% lower for patients lacking an HLA ligand for inhibitory KIR (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.39–0.97; P=0.035). In particular, patients lacking the HLA-C1 ligand for KIR2DL2/2DL3 experienced an overall survival benefit (HR 0.34; 95% CI 0.11–1.09; P=0.060). Activating KIR and KIR haplotypes were not associated with survival. Conclusion: Among children with high risk neuroblastoma undergoing ASCT, improved overall and progression-free survival is associated with the absence of one or more HLA class I ligands for the patient’s NK cell inhibitory KIR receptor. KIRHLA immunogenetics may therefore be a novel genetic indicator of prognosis for patients undergoing ASCT. Mechanistically, these findings imply that NK tolerance is modified after ASCT, and that KIR-HLA genotypes may also play a role in antibodybased immunotherapy, since most of these patients received 3F8 antibody. These findings require confirmation in a larger prospective study. Figure Figure

The Mean Fluorescence Intensities of Anti-HLA Antibodies Detected Using Micro-Bead Flow Cytometry Predict the Risk of Platelet Transfusion Refractoriness.

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 2285-2285
Author(s):  
Ashanka M Beligaswatte ◽  
Eleni Tsiopelas ◽  
Ian Humphreys ◽  
Greg Bennett ◽  
Kathryn Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
Blood Product ◽  
Class I ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Hla Antibodies ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract Abstract 2285 Background: HLA allo-immunized patients often receive matched platelets only after demonstrating platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR). If further risk stratification was possible, high risk patients could be considered for pre-emptive HLA-matched platelets, cryopreserved autologous platelets, or possibly thrombopoietin analogues. Micro-bead flow cytometry is widely used to detect anti-HLA antibodies, and mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) obtained from these assays correlate with antibody titers. We asked whether MFIs could be used to stratify the risk of PTR among allo-immunized patients. Study design: We retrospectively identified 387 patients who received an autologous stem cell transplant or induction therapy for acute leukemia, between January 2005 and March 2012. All patients had a serum sample taken for HLA antibody assay within 6 weeks of commencing cellular blood product transfusions. No patient was scheduled to receive prophylactic HLA matched platelets. The primary endpoint was the development of PTR. To minimize the influence of sensitization occurring after screening, only outcomes during the first 2 weeks from commencing cellular blood product transfusions were considered. PTR was defined as having received ≥ 2 consecutive RDPLT transfusions associated with an 18–24h corrected count increment of < 2.5 at 18 – 24 hours. Antibody testing was performed using a micro-bead flow cytometry assay (Lifecodes LifeScreen Deluxe, with positive results confirmed by Lifecodes Class I ID assay, Gen-Probe Transplant Diagnostics, Stamford, CT) either during the treatment period, or on serum samples stored at −30°C. Mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) were acquired using a Luminex 100 analyzer (Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX), and analyzed using Lifecodes Quicktype v2.5.5 (Gen-Probe Transplant Diagnostics, Stamford, CT). We defined the predictor variable avgMFI to be the average MFI of the 7 individual beads in the assay, weighted by whether the presence of antibodies was confirmed or not: where w = 1 if the presence of antibodies is confirmed, and 0 otherwise; and subscript i refers to the ith class I bead. Results: Antibodies were detected in 57 (14.7%) patients of whom 45 (78.9%) were female. A total of 1443 random donor platelet (RDPLT) transfusions (mean platelet count 2.4×1011/unit) were studied. Sixty six (17%) patients developed PTR, of whom 28 had detectable antibodies; 29 of 321 patients who did not develop PTR also tested positive. Among antibody positive patients, median avgMFI for refractory patients was 4589 versus 349 for patients who were not, Wilcoxon rank sum test P< 0.0001. (Figure 1). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for avgMFI as a predictor of PTR was 0.8633 (95% confidence interval: 0.7664 – 0.9602). Higher avgMFIs also correlated with a broader range of target antigens, likely due to increasingly avid binding to cross-reactive epitopes. (Spearman's r = 0.7736 for correlation between avgMFI and panel reactive antibody percentages (cPRA), calculated in reference to the general American population, and used here as a surrogate for the range of antibody specificities). cPRA was >80% in 25/27 patients with avgMFI>1000, suggesting poor ability to discriminate among patients with moderate to high antibody titers, and was not an independent predictor of PTR. Hence, while the increased probability of encountering a cognate antigen on a RDPLT may partly explain the correlation between avgMFI and PTR, the avidity of binding, represented in vitro by the MFIs, appears to be a more significant determinant of risk. In conclusion, we provide evidence for the concept that PTR risk due to HLA allo-immunization is usefully predicted by the MFIs of antibodies detected using micro-bead flow cytometry. Our model allows cut-offs for identifying high risk patients to be based on the degree of risk acceptable in a given clinical situation. This should enable hematology units to develop risk-adapted strategies for supporting allo-immunized thrombocytopenic patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Correlation of molecular HLA typing and outcome in high-risk melanoma patients receiving adjuvant interferon

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8029-8029
Author(s):  
H. Gogas ◽  
M. Spyropoulou-Vlachou ◽  
U. Dafni ◽  
D. Tsoutsos ◽  
C. Markopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Class I ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
High Risk Melanoma ◽  
Risk Melanoma ◽  
Melanoma Patients ◽  
Adjuvant Interferon ◽  
Group 1

8029 Background: Serological typing for both HLA class I and class II antigen expression, has previously shown association of specific HLA antigen expression with clinical response and survival in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with IL-2 (e.g. HLA-DQ1). Purpose: To evaluate the impact of HLA class I (low-resolution) and class II (high-resolution) expression, on the outcome of high-risk melanoma patients receiving adjuvant high-dose interferon. Methods: 181 stage IIB, IIC and III melanoma patients (88 female and 93 male), median age 52.1 years and 246 healthy controls were included in this study. DNA was used for the determination of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-Cw, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 genotypes. Results: With a median follow-up of 37 months, 59 (group 1) patients have remained with no evidence of recurrence and 122 have recurred (group 2). Statistical significant differences between the two groups, were found in the following genotypes: HLA-A*02 (42% vs. 57.3%, p=0.08), HLA-A*33 (15.2% vs. 6.5%, p=0.05), HLA-B*51 (15.2% vs. 34.4%, p=0.01), HLA-B*57 (11.8% vs. 2.4%, p=0.02). Statistical significant differences between group 1 and healthy controls, were found in the following genotypes: HLA-A*33 (15.2% vs. 6.5%, p=0.05), HLA-B*51 (15.2% vs. 28.5%, p=0.05), HLA-B*57 (11.8% vs. 4.5%, p=0.05), HLA-Cw*03 (23.7% vs. 11%, p=0.01), HLA-Cw*06 (27.1% vs. 16.1%, p=0.06), HLA-DRB1*0701 (27.1% vs. 13.4%, p=0.01), HLA-DRB1*1601 (35.6% vs. 22.3%, p=0.01), HLA-DQB1*0202 (23.8% vs. 10.1%, p=0.09). Conclusions: Statistical significant differences were seen in HLA-A and HLA-B alleles between the patients with high-risk melanoma free of recurrence and those who recurred after treatment with adjuvant interferon. Additionally, differences were seen between healthy controls and melanoma patients free of recurrence. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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