scholarly journals EQUITY MARKETS RISKS AND RETURNS: IMPLICATIONS FOR GLOBAL PORTFOLIO CAPITAL FLOWS DURING PANDEMIC AND CRISIS PERIODS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Pavlo Dziuba ◽  
Olena Pryiatelchuk ◽  
Denys Rusak
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Regular Pattern ◽  
Risk And Return ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
International Equity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sharpe Ratios

The paper is devoted to the study of risk and return tradeoff in the global equity market as well as particular market groups: developed, emerging and frontier markets. Impact of this tradeoff on international equity portfolio liabilities is explored. The study confirms the hypothesis that there are some specific patterns of risk and return tradeoff during crisis periods and periods of markets regular regime that substantially differ from each other and define global portfolio equity flows and liabilities in a specific way. The paper thus carries out its main objective that implies revealing these patterns with respective qualitative features and quantitative markers, specifying their implications for equity portfolio flows to markets of different types. Risks and returns for different market groups and global market as a whole are calculated for the period between 2002 and 2020 using standard methodology of contemporary portfolio theory and MSCI indices monthly values. The data for international equity portfolio liabilities as well as the share of particular market group in the global market are used as dependent variables. The latter are regressed by calculated risks and returns. Using the model results and some analytical developments, two patterns of risk/return tradeoff are discovered. The pattern attributable to regular market regimes is characterized by positive returns which is 1.51 % in average for the global market, 1.48 % for developed markets and 2.03 % for emerging markets. Risks in regular pattern are relatively small or moderate at the average level of 3.05 for the global market and are all below the median (3.48). Respective risks for developed and emerging markets are 3.02 and 4.54. The Sharpe ratios in regular pattern are positive at the average level of 0.60 for the global market, 0.57 and 0.45 for developed and emerging market groups respectively. The crisis pattern implies negative returns at the mean of -1.04 for the global market, -0.97 for the developed group and -1.35 for the emerging markets. High risks are all above the median and in average compile 5.5 for the global market, 5.47 for the developed markets and 6.68 for the emerging group. Sharpe ratios for this pattern are negative being equal to -0.19 in the mean. The average value is -0.18 for developed markets and it is -0.24 for emerging markets. Specific pattern of 2020 crisis should be settled out. Its main feature that substantially distinguishes it from other crises is the combination of highest risk level and the positive returns at the same time. Elaborated regression model confirms the direct impact of return and indirect impact of risk on global portfolio liabilities. The influence of risk for regular and crisis patterns does not differ substantially while the impact of return is much stronger during periods of increased volatility (respective model parameters are 3793.76 and 447.24). However, the discovered impact is much more reliable in crisis pattern that is supported by much higher determination ratio. Developed markets experience similar effects.

Consumer Behavior in Emerging Markets

2018 ◽  
pp. 218-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Castaño ◽  
David Flores
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
High Income ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Contextual Characteristics ◽  
Initial Framework

Emerging markets are substantially different from markets in high-income, industrialized societies. While many aspects of consumer behavior are the result of inherent psychological processes and are, thus, generalizable across countries and cultures, the specific contextual characteristics of emerging markets can significantly influence other aspects of consumer behavior. In this chapter, we explore the behavior of emerging market consumers. This chapter reviews the existing literature and proposes an initial framework delineating the main differences between emerging markets and developed markets consumers that describe how consumers in these societies recognize a need for, select, evaluate, buy, and use products. The chapter discusses the issues and contributions of the research on emerging consumers and presents implications of extant research for international managers. Finally, the chapter elaborates on an agenda for future research in this area.

scholarly journals An Analysis and Comparison of Multi-Factor Asset Pricing Model Performance during Pandemic Situations in Developed and Emerging Markets

Mathematics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Konstantin B. Kostin ◽  
Philippe Runge ◽  
Michel Charifzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Three Factor

This study empirically analyzes and compares return data from developed and emerging market data based on the Fama French five-factor model and compares it to previous results from the Fama French three-factor model by Kostin, Runge and Adams (2021). It researches whether the addition of the profitability and investment pattern factors show superior results in the assessment of emerging markets during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to developed markets. We use panel data covering eight indices of developed and emerging countries as well as a selection of eight companies from these markets, covering a period from 2000 to 2020. Our findings suggest that emerging markets do not generally outperform developed markets. The results underscore the need to reconsider the assumption that adding more factors to regression models automatically yields results that are more reliable. Our study contributes to the extant literature by broadening this research area. It is the first study to compare the performance of the Fama French three-factor model and the Fama French five-factor model in the cost of equity calculation for developed and emerging countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and other crisis events of the past two decades.

scholarly journals Strategic Marketing Issues for an Emerging Market Firm to go Global

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Nagasimha Balakrishna Kanagal
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Strategic Marketing ◽  
Global Marketing ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Global Marketing Strategy ◽  
Emerging Market Firms

Emerging markets, as of recent times, are going through phases of liberalization towards market economies, increasing privatization, and are witnessing an emphasis of emerging markets’ governments towards globalization. There has been a rise in the contribution of emerging market firms to the economies of emerging markets. A study with a purpose to conceptualize strategic marketing issues for an emerging market firm to go global is significant, given that success in overseas marketing ventures is critical to sustain the phases of globalization. The challenge is to enter, obtain market share, and sustain in advanced economies and other emerging markets. This paper attempts to address the conceptualization and the challenge. The method of the study is to (i) define strategic marketing, outline and distinguish the different types of firms marketing overseas – international, multinational, and transnational / global; and (ii) analyze using extant literature, the aspects and issues of global entry and implementation of global marketing strategy. The study, post analysis, conceptualizes and postulates three moderating success factors, wherein consideration of these factors will aid the emerging market firm in improving its performance (i) acculturation processes in global businesses; (ii) achievement of global marketing synergies; and (iii) the importance of overcoming global negatives. Given that conditions for global entry and implementing global marketing strategy are met, and the three success moderating factors are addressed, the study recognizes that it is necessary to address the competitive forces in the global environment to be able to obtain an optimal share of the market. The study includes a discussion based on an in-depth interview with a leading garment exporter in Bangalore, India, to understand global entry and global marketing strategy implementation. In conclusion, it can be stated that that (i) an explicit process to address global negatives is required to overcome the perceptual gap of emerging market firms on deliverables; (ii) explicit attention to the achievement of global market synergies has to be given by global marketing strategists.

scholarly journals Corporate governance and firm performance: Evidence from an emerging market

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Alanazi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
And Performance

The paper investigates the link between corporate governance scores and firm performance among the largest 90 listed companies on the Saudi Stock market. The sample of 90 listed firms is split into two samples: firms with high governance scores and firms with low governance scores. The research compares and contrasts the operating performance of the two samples. In addition, regression models are used to test the link between governance scores and performance. No link between the companies’ corporate governance scores and operating performance is found. It is difficult to capture all elements of the complex corporate governance topic in corporate governance scores. It seems that corporate governance in emerging markets lags far behind that of developed markets. This is the first paper to examine the link between corporate governance scores and operating performance in the Saudi market, a new emerging market that has not been examined. The paper adds to the debate in the literature whether there is a link between corporate governance scores and performance. The evidence in the literature is inconclusive.

Loyalty cards, credit options and economic market development

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-607
Author(s):  
Stephan Zielke ◽  
Marcin Komor
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
High Price ◽  
Private Debt ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Developed Markets

PurposeThis paper analyses three strategies in customers’ use to afford consumption in a developed and an emerging market for different product groups. The strategies are: (1) usage of loyalty cards, (2) usage of credit cards and (3) usage of long-term credits.Design/methodology/approachMall intercept surveys conducted in Poland (emerging market) and Germany (developed market) provide data for testing a set of hypotheses using ANOVAs.FindingsResults show that customers in emerging markets show no differences in the usage of loyalty cards for product categories with high shopping frequency (groceries) compared to developed markets, while in all other product categories loyalty card usage is stronger. Results show further that in low price categories, customers in emerging markets use credit card payments more often compared to customers in developed markets. In high price categories, they use credit cards less often, but long-term credits more often.Research limitations/implicationsResults have implications for the design of loyalty programs and payment options in different markets. Results have also implications for public policy regarding concerns about increasing private debt in emerging countries.Originality/valueThis paper suggests a cost-benefit framework where customers in emerging countries perceive benefits of loyalty cards and credit options higher, while they are willing to bear higher costs. As a result, effects of product category characteristics on usage that are observable in developed markets do not exist in emerging markets.

scholarly journals International Marketing Strategy in Emerging-Market Exporting Firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Samiee ◽  
Suthawan Chirapanda
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
International Marketing Strategy ◽  
Emerging Market Firms

Unlike their counterparts in developed markets, emerging-market firms are characterized by limited resources, including international experience and access to relevant information, which are essential for developing suitable international marketing strategy (IMS). Under such circumstances, strategies are expected to produce suboptimal results, especially when targeting competitive markets in advanced economies. Prior IMS research has largely focused on developed markets. In contrast, the authors examine IMS of exporters in Thailand, an emerging market. Despite major differences in environments and processes in emerging markets, they establish that Thai exporters that match their IMS to local market conditions realize superior performance, as predicated by strategy coalignment. The authors validate these results and discuss emerging-market firms’ capacity to adapt their strategies and succeed in highly competitive advanced economies, despite relative inexperience, volatility, and information asymmetry at home. Exporting remains of critical importance to the economies of emerging markets, and the findings provide greater optimism for their firms’ ability to address host-market conditions in their marketing strategies, as well as pointing to the competitive threat posed by these emerging-market neophytes.

Emerging Market Sovereign Debts as a Means for Profit Maximization and Portfolio Diversification

2016 ◽  
pp. 334-354
Author(s):  
Abdurahman Jemal Yesuf
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Portfolio Diversification ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Asset Class ◽  
Asset Classes ◽  
International Investors ◽  
Sharpe Ratios

The case for emerging markets debts (EMD) has convinced many investors. This is an asset class that has been experiencing an increase in inflows and is getting international investors attention. During the past two decades, cross-border inflows into ‘emerging market' debt instruments have rose rapidly. Over twelve trillion dollar is currently invested in ‘Emerging Markets' debt. This asset classes has delivered strong returns over time and deserves consideration. Therefore, this paper is intended to show how and why Emerging Market debts are vital instrument in portfolio diversification by using descriptive analysis. The performance assessment has made by noting the unique statistical attributes of ‘emerging market' bond returns, such as their correlation with other asset classes and also by taking their annualized volatility rate and Sharpe ratios. The assessment has done based on compiled data from known sources such as JP Morgan, Bloomberg and other well known secondary data sources.

What differentiates successful strategic marketing among manufacturers in an emerging vs developed market?

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Brooksbank ◽  
Zahed Subhan ◽  
Steven Miller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Strategic Marketing ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Marketing Decision ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Competitive Success

Purpose Emerging markets present strategists with a unique set of challenges that result from a business environment that is quite different from that which characterises developed markets. Yet, little is known about marketing’s contribution to successful strategic decision making in emerging markets. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine the usage of conventional strategic marketing practice, as it relates to developed markets, within groups of higher- and lower- performing manufacturers in the emerging market of India, comparing it against that of their counterparts in the developed market of the USA. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on separate web-hosted questionnaire surveys conducted in India and the USA, yielding samples of 71 and 84 self-reported manufacturing companies, respectively. Data analyses were conducted using independent-sample t-tests and logistic multiple regression, and sought to compare and contrast successful strategic marketing decision making in each country. Findings The results confirm that conventional strategic marketing plays a vital role in facilitating the competitive success of manufacturers in India. However, they also suggest that differences in the strategic environments faced by manufacturers in both countries necessitate quite different priorities for success at each stage of the strategic marketing decision-making process. Research limitations/implications Due to relatively low response rates, the extent to which the study samples are representative of the population under scrutiny remains unknown. Also, differences in the respondents’ interpretation of certain questions and some of the marketing vocabulary and terminology used cannot be ruled out. Practical implications The research highlights the important contribution that conventional strategic marketing makes to the achievement of competitive success of manufacturers in India. However, it also identifies several specific practices that differentiate higher firm performance in the two countries, drawing into question the direct applicability of the conventional model of strategic marketing within an emerging market. Originality/value As far as is known for the first time, the applicability of the conventional model of successful strategic marketing within an emerging market is assessed. As a result, a new model is forwarded.

scholarly journals Cost Drivers for Food Retailers in Developed and Emerging Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
V. B. Frolova ◽  
T. F. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Cost Drivers ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors ◽  
Financial Result

The subject of research is a set of methodological and practical aspects of assessing the cost factors of food companies. The study of the above factors is becoming relevant under the current conditions of environment instability and the necessity to stimulate investment, given the low elasticity of demand for products in this sector. The purpose of the research was to confirm the hypothesis of a variety of cost drivers that form the financial result of companies in a developed and emerging markets by an example of 39 food retailers in an emerging market and 48 companies in developed markets based on a system approach and the comparison method using elements of factor and correlationand-regression analysis. The research findings obtained are as follows: the choice of indicators for the regression analysis of cost factors mostly of a multiplicative type is substantiated; the research was carried out using the indicator of financial result less the tangible assets depreciation; to clarify the results of the research, the elements of the comparative analysis were applied, with the companies classified into four groups where Lenta and X5 were in the group of the most efficient companies of the first quantile, and Dixie fell into the group of the fourth quantile companies that had difficulty in generating their own funds; the cost drivers of food retailers in emerging and developed markets were identified. It is concluded that the cost driver of food retailers in developed markets is profitability of sales, and in emerging markets it is the share of capital inputs in sales revenues. It has been established that the growth rate of consumer consumption plays a key role in the retail market of all countries. At the same time, there is a market tendency to oust small companies by large players whose assets have a higher level of investment demand. The novelty of the research lies in using by the authors the EBITA profitability indicator in the regression model, where EBITA is the profit before tax, interest and intangible assets depreciation.

scholarly journals Networking and Its Effects on SME Export Marketing Orientation in Emerging Markets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Najmaei ◽  
Davide Emanuele Saturno ◽  
Shaheen Mansori ◽  
Markus Raueiser ◽  
Olivier Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
International Market ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Born Global ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Marketing Orientation ◽  
Export Marketing ◽  
Global Companies ◽  
The Impact

<p>The shift from a domestic market to a global and international market is not an option but survival for many SMEs. However, this move has brought more complexities and challenges for SMEs which have limited resources. The challenges associated with entry into the new market can be even more complex when firms intend to expand their business to an emerging market as usually in these markets the infrastructure and regulations are not as established as developed markets. Despite a vast amount of research on internationalization, SMEs and Emerging Markets, there is limited literature on the impact of networking on the success of SMEs internationalization. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an in-depth review of current literature about the potential effects of networking as one of the approaches for internationalization in emerging markets. For this paper, studies from 2000 to 2016 were selected and received. </p> <p>The results show that networking is an integrated part of internationalization for SMEs and born global companies. Based on the evidence provided by the literature, this capability helps SMEs to be more market-oriented to survive a highly competitive environment in an emerging market. Furthermore, it could help a firm to achieve synergy in the supply chain.</p>

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