scholarly journals Evaluation of selected parameters of rat liver injury following repeated administration of oseltamivir for different periods

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Falah Muosa Kadhim Al-Rikabi
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Hepatotoxic Effect ◽  
Serum Protein Level

The effects of oseltamivir administration, an anti influenza viruses A and B, on somefunctional parameters of rat liver were investigated, to evaluate the possible hepatotoxiceffect. Eighteen (18) wister male albino rats with body weight ranged 150-190 gm weredivided into three groups, the first group(T1) was treated orally with 1mg/kg.BW astherapeutic dose of Oseltamivir for 7consuctive days. The second group (T2) wastreated with the same dose for six weeks, while the control group dosed distill water.The results revealed, there was a significant increase in the onset of barbiturate sleepingtime and a significant p ≤ 0.05 decrease of the duration of barbiturate sleeping time ofthe T2 rats . The liver enzymes activity revealed a significant decrease in ALT in T1rats and significant increased p<0.05 in the T2 rats, while the AST activity showed onlysignificant increased p<0.05 in the T2 treated rats. The activity of ALP was p<0.05significantly increased in the rats of treated groups. The blood sugar was significantlydecreased p<0.05 only in the T2rats. Cholesterol level was significantly p<0.05increased in T2 treated rats, while the serum of both treated groups showed asignificantly increase p<0.05 in the triacylglycerol concentration.The HDL level was significantly decreased p<0.05 only in theT1 rats. The treated T2rats showed a significant decrease p<0.05 in the LDL, while the VLDL level revealed asignificant increase p<0.05.The total serum protein level was significantly increasedp<0.05 in the rats of T2. Liver histopathological lesions of the T1rats revealed largeamount of suppurative exudates, severe dilation and congestion of central veins andsinusoids with activation of kupffer cells. The liver of T2 rat showed multiple areas offocal necrosis, fibrous thickening of Glisson capsule with vacuolar degeneration ofhepatic parenchyma. In:conclusion, Oseltamivir has hepatotoxic effect in rats treatedwith therapeutic dose 1mg/ kg.BW. orally in different periods.

scholarly journals In Vivo Comet Assay of Food Additives’ Combinations and their Effects on Biochemical Parameters in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9170-9183
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
The Brain

Although the safety of food additives had been assessed individually, these permitted additives may be unsafe if used together; this study was piloted to assess the safety of various food additive mixtures. Fifty male Albino rats - Wistar strain (4 weeks old) were distributed into 10 groups, the first group orally administered distilled water, the other nine groups orally administered different mixtures of food additives at NOAEL dosage for each food additive for 30 days. Haemoglobin, malondialdehyde, kidney functions, activities of AST, ALT, and ALP. Levels of bilirubin, total protein, and albumin were also determined. Assessment of the genotoxic effect using in vivo alkaline comet assay was performed in the brain, liver, and kidney tissues. The results indicated significant Hb concentration reduction was recorded by all studied food additives’ combination compared to the control group. With the number of additives increases the Hb, total serum protein and albumin contents were significantly (p <0.05) decreased; in contrast, there was an increase in MDA, urea, creatinine, liver function enzyme activity, and bilirubin levels. Also, the examined food additives’ combinations exhibited genotoxic activities with different degrees compared to control rats in the brain, kidney, and liver, with the number of additives increases the genotoxic effect increased.

Basic and Clinical Aspects of the Alpha1-Antitrypsin

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Richard C. Talamo
Keyword(s):  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
Serum Protein Level ◽  
Alpha1 Antitrypsin ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

A deficiency of the major serum α1-globulin, the α1-antitrypsin, was first described in five patients by Laurell and Eriksson in Sweden in 1963. It soon became obvious that severe α1-antitrypsin deficiency was familial, and highly associated with chronic lung disease, having its onset in the third or fourth decade of life. Since the early descriptions of this common deficiency state, it has become clearly associated with familial emphysema in some families, familial infantile cirrhosis in others, and occasionally with a combination of childhood lung and liver disease in siblings. For the pediatrician, severe α1-antitrypsin deficiency now enters into the differential diagnosis of both chronic pulmonary disease in childhood and obstructive jaundice in the newborn period. In addition, low levels of α1-anrirtysin in serum are characteristic of respiratory distress syndrome, and elevations of this protein may be found in a variety of clinical situations. The α1-antitrypsin probably functions as a major control protein against the tissue-damaging effects of both endogenous and exogenous enzymes. This review will cover several basic and clinical features of this protein with respect to its importance in pediatrics. CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM A 50,000 molecular weight glycoprotein, the α1-antitrypsin is synthesized in the parenchymal cells of the liver and is secreted into serum as the major α1-globulin, comprising approximately 4% of the total serum protein level (normal concentrations are approximately 2.2 mg/ml). Alpha1-antitrypsin is present in many body fluids, having been found in microgram per milliliter quantities in nasal secretions, tears, saliva, pulmonary secrelions, duodenal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, cobstrum, and mother's milk.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Vitamins C and E against Gasoline Vapors Induced Haematological and Biochemical Changes in Male Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
A. Sedky ◽  
H. Elsawy
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concomitant Treatment

The present work was designed to investigate the changes in some hematological, biochemical parameters and lipid profile as well as possible protective role of vitamins C and E against gasoline vapors induced toxicity in male rats. The present results showed that gasoline 80 vapors significantly decreased (p?0.05) the concentration of total serum protein (TSP) and albumin concentrations and increased (p?0.05) in serum activities of serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared to the control group. Also, exposure to gasoline 80 vapors induced significant decrease (p?0.05) in hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to control group. On the other hand, exposure to gasoline 80 vapors resulted in significant increase (p?0.05) in the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) relative to untreated experimental animals. However, concomitant treatment with gasoline vapors and administration of vitamins C and E exhibited a protective role on the observed toxic effect of gasoline vapors in male rats. The results of the present study indicated that toxic effects of gasoline vapors could be reduced by dietary supplementation of vitamins C and E.

LEVELS AND PARTITION OF THE FOWL'S SERUM PROTEINS IN RELATION TO AGE AND EGG PRODUCTION

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 891-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Vanstone ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Zone Electrophoresis ◽  
Serum Protein Level ◽  
New Protein

The level of total serum protein in the fowl has been followed from the 14th day of incubation to the 13th week of egg production. Serum proteins have been fractionated concurrently by zone electrophoresis in filter paper. Serum protein level in the 14-day embryo was 0.9 gm./100 ml. and the protein comprised a prealbumin fraction, albumin, α2- and β-globnlins. Sera from chicks aged seven days no longer contained a prealbumin fraction but α1-,α3- and γ-globulin fractions had appeared by this stage and the protein level had reached 2.3 gm./100 ml. Total serum protein in females increased to a maximum of about 5.4 gm./100 ml. in the week before laying of the first egg. By that time two new protein fractions had appeared. These new fractions accounted for the greater part of the increase over the levels (4.0 gm./100 ml.) prevailing in the prepuberal stage. Serum protein level declined during the first three weeks of laying to average levels below 4.0 gm./100 ml.; and this decline appeared to affect albumin and α1-globulin as well as the new fractions. As laying progressed, the total serum protein tended to regain a level around 4.0 gm./100 ml. The electrophoretic pattern also tended to return towards that prevailing in the week before laying. Some tentative correlations of the results of zone electrophoresis with published results for free electrophoresis of fowl serum proteins are presented.

scholarly journals Effect of Quail Egg Administration on Some Liver Function Related Parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Patrick E. ABA
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 5

There are a lot of testimonies on the therapeutic efficacies of quail egg on diabetics and on liver disorders. This study investigated synthetic and conjugatory states of the liver in diabetic rats administered varying concentrations of quail egg solution. Thirty (30) adult male albino Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups of 6 rats each. Groups 2-5 of rats were injected with alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally at the dose of 160 mg/kg, while rats in group 1 served as normal control. Upon establishment of fasting blood glucose level above 126 mg/dl, the rats in groups 2-4 were administered 30, 15 and 7.5 mg/ml of quail egg solution respectively for 7 days. Rats in groups 1 and 5 received distilled water (10 ml/kg) each. All treatments were through the oral route. At the end of the 7 days duration of the study, blood samples for serum protein and bilirubin assays were collected. Results indicated that the quail egg administration to alloxanized rats did not alter total serum protein and albumin values, but improved significantly (p<0.5) the conjugated bilirubin values compared to that of the negative control group (group 5). It was concluded that administration of quail egg solution to alloxanized rats aided hepatic conjugatory ability with little or no effect on its synthetic function.

Metabolic changes induced by regular submaximal aerobic exercise in meat-type rabbits

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Szabó ◽  
R. Romvári ◽  
P. Bogner ◽  
Hedvig Fébel ◽  
Zs. Szendr'
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Submaximal Aerobic Exercise

Pannon White growing rabbits (a group of 8) were exposed to treadmill exercise (3-9 m/s, 1.2-1.6 km/day) twice a day for 4 weeks, while additional 8 animals, kept inactive, were assigned as the control group. Weekly, 12 hours after exercise, venous blood was taken for serum metabolite and enzyme activity measurements. Total serum protein, albumin and creatinine levels significantly increased during the second half of the training, as compared to the control group. Triacylglycerol levels in the exercised group as compared to controls, however, were higher only after the first and the fourth weeks of the experiment. Resting non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration of the trained rabbits was lower at the end of the trial. On the other hand, there were no significant differences, as compared to the respective controls, in serum urea, total and HDL cholesterol levels. At the end of the exercise alkaline phosphatase activity was higher and total lactate dehydrogenase activity was lower in the trained rabbits. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities were not changed, while creatine kinase activity was slightly lower in the trained group. The serum cortisol concentration was not different in the trained and control rabbits.

LEVELS AND PARTITION OF THE FOWL'S SERUM PROTEINS IN RELATION TO AGE AND EGG PRODUCTION

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Vanstone ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Zone Electrophoresis ◽  
Serum Protein Level ◽  
New Protein

The level of total serum protein in the fowl has been followed from the 14th day of incubation to the 13th week of egg production. Serum proteins have been fractionated concurrently by zone electrophoresis in filter paper. Serum protein level in the 14-day embryo was 0.9 gm./100 ml. and the protein comprised a prealbumin fraction, albumin, α2- and β-globnlins. Sera from chicks aged seven days no longer contained a prealbumin fraction but α1-,α3- and γ-globulin fractions had appeared by this stage and the protein level had reached 2.3 gm./100 ml. Total serum protein in females increased to a maximum of about 5.4 gm./100 ml. in the week before laying of the first egg. By that time two new protein fractions had appeared. These new fractions accounted for the greater part of the increase over the levels (4.0 gm./100 ml.) prevailing in the prepuberal stage. Serum protein level declined during the first three weeks of laying to average levels below 4.0 gm./100 ml.; and this decline appeared to affect albumin and α1-globulin as well as the new fractions. As laying progressed, the total serum protein tended to regain a level around 4.0 gm./100 ml. The electrophoretic pattern also tended to return towards that prevailing in the week before laying. Some tentative correlations of the results of zone electrophoresis with published results for free electrophoresis of fowl serum proteins are presented.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Activity of Melittin on Isoniazid and Rifampicin Induced Liver Damage in Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Naji ◽  
Bushra Y. Al-Khatib ◽  
Nora Saif Al-Haj ◽  
Myrene R. D’souza
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antitubercular Drug ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Hematological Alterations

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of melittin, a major polypeptide in the venom of honeybee (Apis mellifera) on isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Method: The rats (140-200g) were divided into five groups (n=6): normal control (NC); toxic (T) group treated with INH+RIF (100 mg/kg, p.o.); melittin-treated (Mel15, Mel30) group (15 or 30 µg/kg s.c); and normal recovery (NR) group. Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical, hematological and histopathological studies respectively.ResultsThe administration of melittin was found to prevent the antitubercular drug-induced alterations in the diagnostic markers; reduced glutathione (GSH), direct bilirubin (DB), total bilirubin (TB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum protein (TSP). Besides, hematological alterations were significantly high (P<0.0001) in Mel-treated groups when compared to the toxic control. The NR group exhibited lower levels of DB, TB, ALP, LDH and TSP. In addition, treatment with melittin offered protection in the NR group with respect to MDA levels.ConclusionEvidence from this study indicate that melittin is beneficial for the prevention of acute hepatic failure in antitubercular drug-induced hepatoxicity.

scholarly journals Study of some hematological and biochemical parameter of Friesian crossbred cows in Sulaimanya governorate

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
Juma FT.
Keyword(s):  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

The present study was carried out at Bakrajo field station which belongs to the college of Agriculture University Sulaimanya during the period from the1st of April untill 30th of October 2009.This study include 10 crossbred Friesian cows aged 5-7 years old to study some hematological and biochemical changes during late pregnancy (last three months ) and lactation period (4months).The cows were divided into two groups, the first group included 5 non-pregnant cows used as control group while the second group included 5cows were in the late pregnancy (last three months) and continues to four months of miproduction. Statistically all significant results of blood and biochemical results at (P<0.05). The results showed a significant decreased of the erythrocytes number during late stage of pregnancy and lactation period as comparison with non-pregnant cows. Hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly during 3rd and 4th of lactation in comparison with 7th and 8th months of pregnancy and non pregnant animals ,while PCV showed significant increase during 9th month of pregnancy in comparison with 2nd,3rd and4thmonths of lactation and non- pregnant cows. There were a significant increased in MCV and MCH during pregnancy in comparison with months of lactation, and significantly increase of MCHC at 7th month of pregnancy in comparison with 2nd, 3rd and 4th months of lactation. There were a significant increased of Leukocyte count at the last two months of pregnancy in comparison with non-pregnant animals. In regard to the biochemical changes, there was a significant decreased of glucose concentration at both pregnancy and lactation period in comparison with non-pregnant animals. Total serum cholesterol concentration was significantly increased at the pregnancy and lactation period in comparison with control group, while total serum protein concentration significantly decreased at the 1stmonth of lactation in comparison with 2nd, 3rd and 4th months and control group, concentration of ionized calcium and inorganic phosphorus significantly decreased during last period of pregnancy and lactation period in comparison with non-pregnant cows. In regard to serum enzyme change significant increased in the activity of AST during the second month of lactation in comparison 

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