scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Activity of Melittin on Isoniazid and Rifampicin Induced Liver Damage in Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Naji ◽  
Bushra Y. Al-Khatib ◽  
Nora Saif Al-Haj ◽  
Myrene R. D’souza
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antitubercular Drug ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Hematological Alterations

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of melittin, a major polypeptide in the venom of honeybee (Apis mellifera) on isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Method: The rats (140-200g) were divided into five groups (n=6): normal control (NC); toxic (T) group treated with INH+RIF (100 mg/kg, p.o.); melittin-treated (Mel15, Mel30) group (15 or 30 µg/kg s.c); and normal recovery (NR) group. Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical, hematological and histopathological studies respectively.ResultsThe administration of melittin was found to prevent the antitubercular drug-induced alterations in the diagnostic markers; reduced glutathione (GSH), direct bilirubin (DB), total bilirubin (TB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum protein (TSP). Besides, hematological alterations were significantly high (P<0.0001) in Mel-treated groups when compared to the toxic control. The NR group exhibited lower levels of DB, TB, ALP, LDH and TSP. In addition, treatment with melittin offered protection in the NR group with respect to MDA levels.ConclusionEvidence from this study indicate that melittin is beneficial for the prevention of acute hepatic failure in antitubercular drug-induced hepatoxicity.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective activity of melittin on isoniazid- and rifampicin-induced liver injuries in male albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Mohammed Naji ◽  
Bushra Yahya Al-Khatib ◽  
Nora Saif Al-Haj ◽  
Myrene R. D’souza
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antitubercular Drug ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Liver Injuries ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Abstract Background The present study investigated the ameliorative effect of melittin, a major polypeptide in the venom of honeybee (Apis mellifera), on isoniazid-(INH) and rifampicin-(RIF) induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Method Thirty rats (140-200 g) were divided into five groups (n = 6): normal control (NC) received normal saline orally (NaCl, 0.9%; toxic (T) group received INH + RIF (each rat received 100 mg/kg, p.o.); melittin (Mel15, Mel30) groups (each rat received 15 or 30 μg/kg s.c); and normal recovery (NR) group received INH + RIF (each rat received 100 mg/kg, p.o.). Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical, hematological and histopathological studies respectively. Results The administration of melittin was found to prevent the antitubercular drug-induced alterations in the diagnostic markers; reduced glutathione (GSH), direct bilirubin (DB), total bilirubin (TB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum protein (TSP). Besides, hematological alterations were significantly high in Mel groups when compared to the toxic group. The NR group exhibited lower levels of DB, TB, ALP, LDH and TSP. In addition, treatment with melittin offered protection in the NR group with respect to MDA levels. Conclusion Evidence from this study suggests that melittin is beneficial for the prevention of acute hepatic failure in antitubercular drug-induced hepatoxicity and could be used as a potential therapeutic agent.

scholarly journals Studies on the toxicity of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Abrus precatorius in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Adedapo ◽  
O.A. Omoloye ◽  
O.G. Ohore
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies

The toxic effects of an aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius were studied in 20 male white rats over a period of 18 days. The rats were divided into four groups of five rats per group. Those in Group A served as controls while the rats in Groups B, C and D were dosed per os with 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and 1 600 mg/kg of the extract, respectively. Blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical analysis and specimens of the liver, kidney and testes were taken for histopathological studies. The study showed that the extract of A. precatorius caused decreased levels of packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin. The extract also resulted in increased levels of total serum protein, albumin, alanine amino transaminase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. Histologically, testicular degeneration characterized by decreased numbers of lining cells of the epithelium as well as reduction in sperm cells with presence of scattered Sertoli cells were noted. The study thus showed that aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius is toxic and caution should be exercised in its use for medicinal purpose.

scholarly journals Ameliorative effect of Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits against Tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 596-602
Author(s):  
Suman S ◽  
Hayagreeva Dinakar Y ◽  
Suhas reddy P V ◽  
Sai Sudha Yadav B ◽  
Venkateshwar Reddy V
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Main Adverse Effect ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Nephroprotective Activity ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Cubeba Officinalis is traditionally effective in the treatment of various kidney ailments, and the main adverse effect of tacrolimus is nephrotoxicity. There is no documented evidence about the ameliorative potential of Cubeba Officinalis in tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity. The main endeavor of the study was to determine the nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits against tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits were collected from the local market, and Male albino rats weighing 200-250 g were used for the study. The dose of is lower 200mg/kg, higher dose 400 mg/kg of test drug (EECO) was used, and silymarin is used as the standard at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The animals were divided into five groups, six animals each, which is started prior to oral administration of tacrolimus and continued with the fourteen days tacrolimus treatment. After the whole period of study, the rats were sacrificed, and histopathological studies and biochemical estimations were carried out. The BUN values  were decreased from 33.60±3.84 in nephrotoxic rats to 28.27±2.48 (200mg/kg) and 20.70±0.81 (400mg/kg),creatinine levels from 1.645±0.21 to 0.926±0.19 (200mg/kg) and 0.638±0.07(400 mg/kg),uric acid levels from 1.822±0.249 to 1.092±0.306 (200 mg/kg) and 0.806±0.181 (400 mg/kg) sodium, potassium and chloride levels from 1.607± 0.091, 2.548± 0.293 and 259.8±6.42 to 1.302± 0.169 , 1.023±0.174 and 134.7±9.138 (200mg/kg of EECO) and 0.586±0.092 , 0.831±0.174 and 130.2±2.29 (400mg/kg of EECO). The Ethanolic extract of cubeba officinalis was found to be effective in treating the nephrotoxicity in tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals Lamivudine-Induced Liver Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamidi W. B. Olaniyan ◽  
Emmanuel N. Maduagwu ◽  
Olalekan Wasiu Akintunde ◽  
Oladimeji O. Oluwayelu ◽  
Bartholomew I. C. Brai
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Liver Sinusoid ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Lymphoid Cell Population ◽  
Histopathological Studies

BACKGROUND: Lamivudine is a nucleoside analogue antiretroviral drug, known for its low toxicity at clinically prescribed dose. However, the toxicity or mechanism of toxicity and target tissue effects during prolonged administration of higher doses were hardly given sufficient laboratory attention.AIM: The present work was designed to investigate the biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver of rat administered with prolonged doses of lamivudine.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lamivudine in multiple doses of five ranging from 4 mg/kg to 2500 mg/kg were administered, in vitro, by injection into the air-sac of 10–day old fertile embryonated eggs of Gallus domesticus. Also, female rats of the Wistar strain received oral doses, up to 500 mg/kg singly or repeatedly for 15 or 45 days, respectively. Spectrophotometric techniques were employed to monitor activities of the aminotransferases (ALT and AST), γ–glutamyltransferase (GGT) and total protein concentration in serum while activities of glutathione S–transferase (GST), GGT and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein were determined in liver. Histopathological studies were carried out on liver. Data were analysed using ANOVA and were considered significant when p < 0.05.RESULTS: The LD50 for the drug calculated from the incubation experiment was 427 mg/kg. Total serum protein concentration significantly reduced while enzymes activities significantly increased at 500 mg/kg only among the repeat-dosed rats. Hepatic GGT, GST and SOD activities as well as MDA concentration were significantly elevated at 20 mg/kg. Histopathological studies showed multifocal lymphoid cell population in the liver sinusoid of the chicken and hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes were recorded among rats repeatedly exposed to the drug respectively at doses ≥ 100  mg/kg.CONCLUSION: Lamivudine toxicity in rat liver appeared to be mediated by oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Hepatoprotective Potential of Pterospermum acerifollium leaves Extracts on Swiss albino mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Deepa Varandani ◽  
Sharmishta Sekhar ◽  
Suman Trivedi ◽  
Megha Jha ◽  
Sourabh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antitubercular Drug ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Albino Mice

The objective of present study to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of hydro-alcohollic extract leaves of Pterospermum acerifollium against antitubercular drug induced liver damage in swiss albino mice and also performs antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion assay. Successive extractions was performed with different organic solvents viz; hydroalcohollic by cold maceration. The extract was analysed as antioxidant activity as a content of Total phenolic content, Total flavanoid content, Reducing power assay and DPPH Scavenging assay. Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract was estimated by Agar well diffusion method. Antitubercular drug induced is used as toxicants in hepatoprotective studies in acute condition was analysed by serum biochemical estimations by AST, ALT, ALP and Total Bilirubin. In-vivo Antioxidant activity was performed by LPO, GSH, SOD and Catalase. During the collection of tissue for biochemical estimation piece of tissue cut and transferred for Histopathological estimation. The levels were measured and it indicated that the extract had significant antioxidant activity however the results obtained were dose dependent the higher the dose (400 mg/kg) the better activity. The extract administered at dose 400 mg/kg showed better activity. The treatment with hydroalcohollic extract of Pterospermum acerifillium reduced the elevated levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, TB and also reversed the hepatic damage towards normal which further supports the hepatoprotective activity. Keywords: Succesive extraction, In-vivo, Serum biochemical, Cold maceration

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective effect of Ecballium Elaterium fruit juice against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maraia Farag Elmhdwi ◽  
Saleh Mosbah Muftah ◽  
Salem Gaber El tumi ◽  
Fatma Al-zaroug Elslimani
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Histopathological Studies

This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Ecballium elaterium "Fruit juice" extract against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. The hepatotoxicity was induced by acetaminophen (PCM) at dose of 400 mg/kg in male albino rats. It was administered orally once a day, every 48 h at the same time for twenty two days. The biochemical liver functional tests ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, total protein, antioxidant enzymes (GR, GPx, CAT, SOD), and histopathological changes were examined. Our results showed that Levels of liver enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, G-GT and total bilirubin and MDA level were significantly enhanced by administration of acetaminophen and level of total protein while antioxidant enzymes "GR, GPx, CAT, SOD" were decreased. However, the pretreatment with The E. elaterium "fruit juice" at 1 ml/kg orally revealed attenuation of serum ALT, AST, ALP. The histopathological studies also supported the protective properties of E. elaterium "fruit juice". The area of necrosis and degeneration of hepatocytes were observed in the toxic group. The prophylactic and curative groups showed a marked protective effect with decreased necrotic zones and hepatocellular degeneration. The present results clearly demonstrate the marked antihepatotoxic effects of E. elaterium "fruit juice" extract through its antioxidant activity on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in rats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i5.18535 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, April 2014, 3(5): 270-274

scholarly journals Evaluation of selected parameters of rat liver injury following repeated administration of oseltamivir for different periods

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Falah Muosa Kadhim Al-Rikabi
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Hepatotoxic Effect ◽  
Serum Protein Level

The effects of oseltamivir administration, an anti influenza viruses A and B, on somefunctional parameters of rat liver were investigated, to evaluate the possible hepatotoxiceffect. Eighteen (18) wister male albino rats with body weight ranged 150-190 gm weredivided into three groups, the first group(T1) was treated orally with 1mg/kg.BW astherapeutic dose of Oseltamivir for 7consuctive days. The second group (T2) wastreated with the same dose for six weeks, while the control group dosed distill water.The results revealed, there was a significant increase in the onset of barbiturate sleepingtime and a significant p ≤ 0.05 decrease of the duration of barbiturate sleeping time ofthe T2 rats . The liver enzymes activity revealed a significant decrease in ALT in T1rats and significant increased p<0.05 in the T2 rats, while the AST activity showed onlysignificant increased p<0.05 in the T2 treated rats. The activity of ALP was p<0.05significantly increased in the rats of treated groups. The blood sugar was significantlydecreased p<0.05 only in the T2rats. Cholesterol level was significantly p<0.05increased in T2 treated rats, while the serum of both treated groups showed asignificantly increase p<0.05 in the triacylglycerol concentration.The HDL level was significantly decreased p<0.05 only in theT1 rats. The treated T2rats showed a significant decrease p<0.05 in the LDL, while the VLDL level revealed asignificant increase p<0.05.The total serum protein level was significantly increasedp<0.05 in the rats of T2. Liver histopathological lesions of the T1rats revealed largeamount of suppurative exudates, severe dilation and congestion of central veins andsinusoids with activation of kupffer cells. The liver of T2 rat showed multiple areas offocal necrosis, fibrous thickening of Glisson capsule with vacuolar degeneration ofhepatic parenchyma. In:conclusion, Oseltamivir has hepatotoxic effect in rats treatedwith therapeutic dose 1mg/ kg.BW. orally in different periods.

scholarly journals Beryllium Induced Biochemical Alterations in Rodent Model and its Treatment with Calcium Salt of Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic Acid with α -tocopherol

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
A. K. Upadhyay and S. P. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Fall

To evaluate therapeutic efficacy of chelating agents tiron (Sodium-4,5- dihydroxy-1,3-benzene di-sulphonate) and CaNa3DTPA (Calcium tri-sodium di-ethylene tri-amine penta acetic acid) in presence of α-tocopherol against beryllium induced toxicity, adult female albino rats were exposed to beryllium nitrate for 28 days followed by therapy with tiron (471 mg/kg, ip) and CaNa3DTPA (35 mg/kg, ip) alone and in combination with α-tocopherol (25 mg/kg, po). Results revealed non-significant fall in hemoglobin and total serum protein content while significant fall in blood sugar level and activity of serum alkaline phosphatase. On the other hand, significant rise in the activity of serum transaminases and LDH was noticed after beryllium administration. Significant increase in total and esterified cholesterol was found in liver and kidney after toxicity. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation and decreased level of reduced glutathione in both the organs showed oxidative stress due to beryllium exposure. CaNa3DTPA showed moderate therapeutic efficacy; however, its effectiveness was enhanced with α-tocopherol to some extent. Tiron in combination with α-tocopherol exerted statistically more beneficial effects in reversal of beryllium induced biochemical alterations.

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