scholarly journals 22 Study the Immune Response of Conjunctival and Subcutaneous Vaccination of Goats with RB51 Vaccine for Controlling Brucellosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Waffa Abdulelah Ahmad1
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Passive Hemagglutination ◽  
Cellular Immune

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of RB51 vaccine in immunization of goats against brucellosis although it is a specific vaccine for cattle, fifteen pregnant and non-pregnant goats were divided into three groups, 5 goats were injected subcutaneously(S/C) with 2 mls of RB51 vaccine which contain 4 × 108 CFU , 5 goats were vaccinated through conjunctival route (C/J) with 0.2 ml of RB51 which contain 4 × 108 CFU , and the last 5 goats were injected with PBS and kept as control group. It has been ascertained that no abortion occurred in the vaccinated animals except one case of a weak kid was born in S/C vaccinated group. Humeral immune response for the vaccinated animals measured by serological test (Rose Bengal and Passive hemagglutination tests) every two weeks, while the cellular immune response measured by brucellin test at the 6th week. Passive haemaglutination test (PHA) was positive and the antibodies were increased significantly (P<0.05) at the 2nd week to reach 10.4±2.4 and 6.4±0.9 in S/C and C/J routes respectively, and increased significantly (P<0.05) at 8th week to reach 38.4±6.4 and 22.4±3.9 in S/C and C/J routes respectively, and decreased significantly at 12th week which reach 9.6±1.6 to 6.4±0.9. Brucellin from RB51 strain prepared to be used as antigen in the PHA test and also in skin test to determine delayed type hypersensitivity, serial dilutions of RB51 brucellin had been done to confer the optimal concentration in skin test that did not induce toxicity for mice 40µg was the optimal concentration that has been given to goats. In goats the results indicated that the S/C group showed a high delayed type hypersensitivity compared with C/J group and the good skin reactions was increased to reach the maximum at 48 hrs post brucellin injection (PBI), when the erythema diameter reached 7.1±0.09mm and 5.4±0.3mm in S/C and C/J groups respectively and skin thickness was2.9±0.1 mm and 2.1±0.2 mm in S/C and C/J groups respectively. These results showed that immunized animals expressed cellular and humeral immune response examined by DTH and PHA. Concluded that the RB51 vaccine gave good level of immunization in goats and it can be considered as alternative vaccine against heterogonous Brucella spp.

scholarly journals Immune response interaction of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Eimeria tenella

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ikram Abbas Aboud Al –Samrraee
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Reaction ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Skin Test Reaction

     This study aimed to investigate the immune responses (Cellular and humoral) to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Eimeria tenella by using Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Test (Skin Test) and Tube Agglutination Test in sixteen local breed rabbits. Animals were divided into four equal groups; First group was immunized subcutaneously with 1 ml (1000 µg/ml) of sonicated Eimeria tenella oocysts –SETO-ET), second group was immunized subcutaneously with 1 ml (1000 µg/ml) of sonicated Whole Cells Klebsiella pneumoniae antigen –SKWC-KP), third group was immunized subcutaneously with 1 ml (500 µg/ml of sonicated Eimeria tenella –SETO-ET and 500 µg/ml SKWC-KP). The fourth control group was injected subcutaneously by 1 ml of phosphate buffer saline. After 14 days all groups were given a booster dose at the same dose above. Results of Delayed type hypersensitivity showed that the third group had a high significant (P≤ 0.05) skin test reaction of Erythema and induration compared to the first and second groups after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Also, that was synchronized with the increased titers of antibodies, which increase to peak (720 ± 201.32) compared with the first group (200 ± 40.00) and second group (360 ± 100.66) after 35 days. This is the first study about the synergistic immune response interaction between Klebsiella pneumoniae and Eimeria tenella antigens in Iraq.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Proteus vulgarisfimbriae antigen by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)-skin test in rabbits

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Ekram Abbas Abood Al-Samarrae
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
And Control

The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of fimbriae antigens for immunization of rabbits against Proteus vulgaris bacteria results showed a higher significant difference (P<0.05) in erythema diameters in the immunized groups in compared with the control. There was no significant difference between both immunized groups 200 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml after 24 hours. Also, a higher significant differences (P<0.05) in the diameter of induration is recorded in both immunized groups compared to control site, a higher significant differences (P<0.05) in the immunized group (100 μg/ml) at the concentration 200 μg/ml compared with 100 and 50 μg/ml after 24 hours, as follow as after 48 hours except significant differences between 200 and 100 μg/ml concentration (P<0.01) and increase induration after 72 hours between both immunized groups; within groups and control site. Conclusion that the fimbrial antigen have the ability to elicit cellular immune response by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH).

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of Three Antigens of Citrobacter freundii on Rabbit’s Immune Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Roua J Mohammed ◽  
Ikram Abbas A Al-Samarraae
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Cellular Immune

Citrobacter freundii (C. freundii) is responsible for a number of significant opportunistic infections. The present research was aimed to estimate the immune response of rabbits immunized with whole cell sonicated antigen (WCSA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and DNA antigens (Ag) extracted from C. freundii. Twenty-four Albino rabbits of both sexes, with 2-3 kg body weight, were divided randomly into four groups (6 rabbits for each). Two types of tests were performed including ELISA and skin test (delayed type hypersensitivity, DTH)). The 1st group was immunized with WCSA (1000 μg/mL). The 2nd group was immunized with LPS Ag at the same dose. The 3rd group was immunized with DNA extracted Ag (0.083 μg/mL). The 4th group (negative control) was injected with 1 mL PBS (pH 7.2) subcutaneously. After 14 days, rabbits were given booster doses of same Ag. The immunized animals showed significant increase of IgG and IL-6 concentration (P<0.05) following 28, 32, 46, 50 and 60 days of immunization in comparison with the negative control group. Concerning DTH, it showed an increase in the means of induration and erythema, with significant differences (P˂0.05) exerted by the concentrated antigens in all immunized groups after 24 h and 48 h compared with diluted Ag and negative control group. In conclusion, WCSA and LPS Ag, in comparison to DNA Ag, were observed to promote stronger humoral (IgG) and cellular (DTH and IL-6) immune responses. DNA Ag, on the other hand, elicited a weaker humoral and cellular immune response than other Ag.

scholarly journals Effect of uses of Probiotic prepared from Lactobacillus acidophilus Bacteria as immunostimulator in lambs vaccinated with Brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccine

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Yousif A. A.
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Positive Results

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of probiotic prepared from Lactobacillus acidophilus & usedas immunostimulator to improve the humeral &cellular immune response in lambs vaccinated with the Rev-1 vaccine.Lactobacillus isolated from intestinal contents of sheep after culturing on specific media &study the morphological &biochemical characteristic Lactobacillus acidophilus was selected as probiotic after definitive diagnosis and dependingon their higher adherence ability to epithelial cells of the intestine and have high tolerance to low pH and bile salts .thensensitivity test of the strain against antibiotics was done The experimental study included 15 lambs (age 5-8 months)were equally divided into three groups and treated as following.* First group was vaccinated with Rev -1 vaccine (1ml contain 2×109CFU- s/c as single dose ) and ioculated orally withprepared probiotic (2 ×109 CFU /lamb ) at one week before vaccination and continued daily to end of experiment(14weeks).*Second group was vaccinated only with Rev -1 vaccine at same way in first group. *Third group was inoculated with 1ml PBS S\c as control group. Clinical and immunological tests were conducted to all lambs at 0 times & after 2, 6, 10, 14weeks. The results of clinical tests revealed that there is increase in body temperature, respiratory &pulse rates ofvaccinated animals only but the second group show the highest parameters. The vaccinated lambs shows humeralimmune response by giving a positive results to rose Bengal test & by using Passive haemagglutination test, the firstgroup revealed high significant antibody titer (716.80±125.413) than the second group and third group (p<0.05 ) . andthe results of cellular immune response, as detected by delayed type hypersensitivity test which give a positive results invaccinated groups but the first group was significantly higher (p<0.05 )at than rates in redness area and thicknesscompared with the second group E. rosette test showed significant increase at(p<0.05 ) of activated lymphocyte infirst group ( 51.976±4.619 )compared with second (41.22±3.6865). Serum total protein concentration was increased infirst group (9.7358±0.2615) compared with other groups.

scholarly journals BEHAVIORAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC AND ANTIMONY CONTAINED IN SULFIDE ORE PROCESSING WASTE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Ogudov ◽  
Natalia F. Chuenko ◽  
Maria A. Knyazheva ◽  
Lyudmila Yu. Anopchenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Cellular Immune

The accumulation of arsenic and antimony compounds in environmental objects as a result of the development of mineral deposits is a source of public health risk. Arsenic and antimony, when they enter the human body in excess, activate pathophysiological processes at the subcellular, cellular and organ levels, which leads to the development of multiple organ pathology. The study confirmed the effect of arsenic and antimony on emotional-behavioral responses and cellular immune responses in laboratory animals. Four experimental groups of male Wistar rats and one control group were formed. Experienced with free access to drinking water with different concentrations of arsenic and antimony (water from the hydro dump of the sulphide tailing dump in the village of Komsomolsk, Kemerovo region), the control had free access to clean drinking water. On the 7th and 70th days of the experiment, the emotional-behavioral reactions of the experimental animals were investigated in the "open field" and "raised cruciform maze" tests. The assessment of the cellular immune response was performed by the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (HRT). Arsenic and antimony in the studied concentrations have a harmful effect on the central nervous system (CNS) and the cellular immune response of experimental animals, which manifests itself in disorganization of emotional-behavioral reactions, induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

Effect of Hypertonic Saline Infusion on Postoperative Cellular Immune Function

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1108-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens A. Kølsen-Petersen ◽  
Jens-Ole D. Nielsen ◽  
Else M. Tonnesen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Cellular Immune

Background Previous studies found hypertonicity to affect immune responses in intact laboratory animals and in human blood cell cultures. In this study, the authors investigated the cellular immune response to surgery after preoperative infusion of hypertonic saline in humans. Methods Sixty-two women scheduled to undergo abdominal hysterectomy were randomly assigned to single-blinded infusion of 4 ml/kg NaCl, 7.5%; 4 ml/kg NaCl, 0.9%; or 32 ml/kg NaCl, 0.9%, over 20 min. Blood was collected at baseline, during surgery, and 1, 24, and 48 h after surgery for the determination of leukocyte and differential counts, flow cytometric phenotyping of mononuclear cells, and natural killer cell activity against K 562 tumor cells. Phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation, plasma elastase, and neutrophil chemotaxis were measured at the same time points except during surgery. The authors tested cell-mediated immune function in vivo by delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in the skin. Results Surgery induced well-known changes in the cellular immune response, which were unrelated to the tonicity or volume of the infused fluids. Conclusion Infusion of a clinically relevant dose of hypertonic saline did not seem to modify the postoperative cellular immune response after elective abdominal hysterectomy.

scholarly journals How Dopamine Influences Survival and Cellular Immune Response of Rhipicephalus microplus Inoculated with Metarhizium anisopliae

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Thaís Almeida Corrêa ◽  
Jéssica Fiorotti ◽  
Emily Mesquita ◽  
Laura Nóbrega Meirelles ◽  
Mariana Guedes Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Phenoloxidase Activity ◽  
Cellular Immune

Dopamine (DA) is a biogenic monoamine reported to modulate insect hemocytes. Although the immune functions of DA are known in insects, there is a lack of knowledge of DA’s role in the immune system of ticks. The use of Metarhizium anisopliae has been considered for tick control, driving studies on the immune response of these arthropods challenged with fungi. The present study evaluated the effect of DA on the cellular immune response and survival of Rhipicephalus microplus inoculated with M. anisopliae blastospores. Exogenous DA increased both ticks’ survival 72 h after M. anisopliae inoculation and the number of circulating hemocytes compared to the control group, 24 h after the treatment. The phagocytic index of tick hemocytes challenged with M. anisopliae did not change upon injection of exogenous DA. Phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of ticks injected with DA and the fungus or exclusively with DA was higher than in untreated ticks or ticks inoculated with the fungus alone, 72 h after treatment. DA was detected in the hemocytes of fungus-treated and untreated ticks. Unveiling the cellular immune response in ticks challenged with entomopathogenic fungi is important to improve strategies for the biological control of these ectoparasites.

scholarly journals Corrective effects of original bioflavonoid complex in the cyclophosphamide-induced immunity disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111-1120
Author(s):  
I. A. Goldina ◽  
E. V. Markova ◽  
I. A. Orlovskaya ◽  
L. B. Toporkova ◽  
V. A. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cellular Immune

Our aim was to evaluate immunomodulatory properties of an original bioflavonoid complex in experimental immune disturbances induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). We have studied morphometric indexes of thymus and spleen, as well as blood leukocyte counts, cell proliferative activity in lymphoid organs, delayed hypersensitivity responses to T cell-dependent antigen, along with differentiation activity of bone marrow stem cells in experimental animals during Cy-induced immune suppression after a course of bioflavonoid treatment. Suspension of the bioflafonoid complex was introduced to the male mice (СВАхC57Bl/6)F1 aged 12- 14 weeks at a daily dose of 2 mg/animal (80 mg/kg), per os, using gastric catheter, over 14 days. Cytostatic immunosuppression was produced by a single intraperitoneal Cy injection. Proliferative activity of spleen and thymic cells was determined by standard method with Н3 -thymidine incorporation in the 72-h cell culture. Cellular immune response was assayed by the degree of delayed-type hypersensitivity development in response to sheep erythrocytes. The number of hematopoietic progenitors was evaluated by culturing bone marrow cells in methylcellulose-based medium. The experiments have shown mitigation of immunosuppressive effects induced by Cy, in the course of bioflavonoid complex treatment, with respect to absolute and relative mass of lymphoid organs and leukocyte numbers in peripheral blood. Moreover, we have demonstrated decreased effects of Cy treatment upon the spontaneous activity of spleen cells, mitogen-induced thymocyte and splenocyte proliferation, intensivity of delayed-type hypersensitivity response that reached the values of intact animals. Following the course of bioflavonoids, we have revealed an increase in early hematopoietic progenitors. Alleviation of Cy-induced suppressive effects upon cellular immune response, proliferation rates of immune cells, as well as stimulation of hematopoietic stem cell functions suggest a sufficient capacity of the original bioflavonoid complex for modulation of immunity and hematopoiesis, thus presenting experimental proofs for its potential usage as an adjuvant treatment of the patients with malignant diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cellular immune response in Golden Hamsters experimentally infected with Leishmania donovani comparing with cellular immune response against chicken Red Blood Cells.

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
And Control ◽  
Delayed Type Of Hypersensitivity

The Evaluation of the immune response in Golden Hamsters experimentally infected with Leishmania donovani was determined in this study, particularly, the cellular immune response. Follow up has maintained to determine the Delayed Type of Hypersensitivity using skin test both in infected and control lab animals. Chicken red blood cells were used as a parameter to evaluate the immune system; they are dull and have the ability of immunization. Two concentrations of chicken R.B.C were examined to determine which gives the higher titration in Hamsters and those were 1.5 X 109 cell/ml and 3 X 109 cell/ml , the second concentration gave the maximum titration where then used in this work. After sensitization with Chicken R.B.C for both infected and control groups, delayed type of hypersensitivity has been used against Leishmania donovani antigen and 4 days of follow up were adopted and they were (14, 30, 60, 90) day after infection. Results showed that skin test against both antigens ( L.donovani and chicken R.B.C) was significantly higher than normal at the first day of follow up ( day 14) then gradual decreasing were noticed till the last day of follow up (90). This can indicate that the infection with L.donovani activated the immune response at the beginning of infection, then leads to cellular immune suppression against both L.donovani antigen and chicken R.B.C., so that this immunosuppression is not specific.

scholarly journals IMMUNE RESPONSE TO CHEMICALLY MODIFIED FLAGELLIN

1971 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Antigenic Activity ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Derivatives Of

Flagellin (mol.wt. 40,000) from S. adelaide organisms and a series of acetoacetyl derivatives of flagellin were tested for their ability to induce humoral and cell-mediated immunity in adult rats. It was found that unmodified flagellin was an excellent inducer of antibody formation but a poor inducer of delayed-type hypersensitivity. In contrast, increasing acetoacetylation steadily destroyed the ability of flagellin to initiate antibody formation but enhanced the capacity of the molecule to induce flagellin-specific cell-mediated immunity and antibody tolerance. In fact, it appeared that in adult rats antibody formation and cell-mediated immunity may well be opposing immunological processes. Furthermore, the affinity of the acetoacetyl flagellins for anti-flagellin antibodies appeared to determine the type of immune response which predominated. High affinity antigen produced antibody formation whereas low affinity antigen induced cell-mediated immunity and antibody tolerance. The importance of affinity was further evidenced by the fact that a CNBr digest of flagellin induced humoral and cellular immune responses identical to an acetoacetylated flagellin of comparable antigenic activity. From these studies it was proposed that both humoral and cell-mediated immunity can be directed against the same antigenic determinants but that the specificity requirements for delayed hypersensitivity (and antibody tolerance) are less than those required for antibody formation. Some remarkable immunological features of the flagellin system were revealed. Flagellin induced comparable delayed-type hypersensitivity when injected in either saline or FCA. Furthermore, FCA only slightly enhanced the delayed responses induced by the acetoacetyl flagellins and in fact these preparations produced antibody tolerance whether injected in saline or adjuvant. Finally, in contrast to the adult tolerance induced by the acetoacetylated flagellins, which existed only at the antibody level, tolerance in neonatal rats existed at the level of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. This finding is the first indication of a fundamental difference between neonatal and adult tolerance. The significance of these findings is discussed in the light of current immunological concepts and a hypothesis proposed to explain these phenomena.

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