scholarly journals Efficacy of Bacteriocin Extracted from Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAK) against Bacillus cereus in cow raw milk

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Thikra M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
High Potency

     Fifty seven out of ninety bovine milk samples were collected from different areas inside and nearby Baghdad which were positive for Bacillus cereus. The isolates were checked on chromogenic Bacillus cereus agar which was specific for detection of B. cereus colonies. The colony appearance, gram stain, spore stain and oxidase lipase monitol catalase tests were carried out to identify this bacterium. Bacteriocin extracted from Lactobacillus acidophilus was used as a tool to control the growth of undesirable B. cereus growth as spoilage and pathogenic bacteria as well as to keep the food more acceptable and safe to consumer. The results of this study showed that bacteriocin (LAK) had 8 a bactericidal effect against B. cereus in refrigeration and room temperatures at pH 4, 7 and 9, respectively. High potency of bacteriocin (LAK) was confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration at 30, 60 and 120 minutes. It was found that the zone of inhibition of B. cereus by bacteriocin at 4°C and pH 7 was 26 mm. The present study revealed that bacteriocin was highly effective against locally isolated B. cereus.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Property of Extracts of Indian Lichen against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Srivastava ◽  
D. K. Upreti ◽  
T. N. Dhole ◽  
Apurva K. Srivastava ◽  
Meghanand T. Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Usnea Ghattensis

Context.Usnea ghattensisG. Awasthi (Usneaceae) endemic fruticose lichen found growing luxuriantly in Northern Western Ghats of India, it also contains Usnic acid as a major chemical and tested against some human pathogenic bacteria.Objective. To explore antimicrobial properties ofUsnea ghattensisagainst some human pathogenic bacteria.Materials and Methods. The lichen was extracted in acetone, methanol, and ethanol.In vitroantimicrobial activity was tested initially byKirby-Bauertechnique of disc diffusion method and was confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration using Broth microdilution method according to the NCCLS guidelines.Results. Ethanol extract was most effective againstBacillus cereusandPseudomonas aeruginosawith a zone of inhibition 29.8 ± 0.6 mm and 12.3 ± 0.5 mm diameters at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. Acetone and methanol extract demonstrated almost similar activity againstStaphylococcus aureusand the zone of inhibition was 24.6 ± 0.5 and 24.7 ± 0.4 mm. Only methanol extract was showing activity againstStreptococcus faecaliswith a 13.5 ± 0.8 mm zone. MIC value noted againstStaphylococcus aureusandStreptococcus faecaliswas 6.25 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL, whereas againstBacillus cereusandPseudomonas aeruginosa, MIC calculated was 3.125 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion. The present study demonstrates the relatively higher activity of this lichen against not only gram (+) but significantly also against gram (−) bacteria. This indicates that this lichen might be a rich source of effective antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Microbicidal activity of crude extracts from Sargassum wightii against Bacillus cereus

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 326-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritha Krishna Bhuvaneshwari Venugopal ◽  
Vinoth Kumar Thirumalairaj ◽  
Geetharamani Durairaj ◽  
Mahitha Puthanpurayal Vijayan ◽  
Navya Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Microbicidal Activity ◽  
Crude Extracts

The present study was investigated to explore the antibacterial activity of four different solvent (petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone and ethanol) crude extracts of marine brown seaweed Sargassum wightti. Crude extracts were screened against human pathogen Bacillus cereus. The antibacterial efficiency was performed by agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The results revealed that the crude extract of petroleum ether showed prominent inhibiting activity against B. cereus and other crude extracts showed below detectable level. The highest microbicidal activity (zone of inhibition) 9.0 ± 0.32 mm was obtained at the concentration of 250 ?g /ml and the lowest activity was 3 ± 0.20 mm at 31.25 ?g /ml concentration. The MIC and MBC values were found to be 125 and 250 ?g /ml respectively. Results of this study suggested that the compounds present in the crude extracts of petroleum ether showed high activity against B. cereus and further studies are required to purify the active principles.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i10.20338 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, September 2014, 3(10): 326-327

scholarly journals Study About Pathogenic Bacteria Associated With Bovine

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Safana A. S. AL-Taan ◽  
Asmaa H. AL-Jobori ◽  
Anton S. AL-Bana.
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Level ◽  
Living Bacteria

Out of 100 raw milk samples collected from one hundred cows infected with mastitis, thirty three isolates of different types of pathogenic bacteria were isolated using different types of selective media.  On the basis of traditional bacteriological tests, these isolates were identified as the following: 13 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 9 isolates of B-haemolytic Streptococci, 6 isolates of Coliform bacteria, 4 isolates of Corynebacterium pyogenes, and only one isolate Bacillus cereus.  In addition to these isolates, a number of non-pathogenic bacteria were recovered during the isolation and they were considered as contaminants of milk such as S. epidermidis, C. bovis and B. subtilus.  The total number of living bacteria present in milk samples was measured and it was ranged from (1400 to 1800) bact./ml.  The isolates of pathogenic bacteria were tested for their sensitivity to different types of antibiotics and the results were: 100% of these isolates were sensitive to Gentamycin and Tetracycline, 11 (84.6%) isolates of S. aureus, 6(66.2%) isolates of B-hacmolytic Streptococci , 4(66.2%) isolates of Coliform bacteria and 3(75%)  es of C. pyogenes were sensitive to Ampicillin, Penicillin, Erythromycin and Cepholexin. While Bacillus cereus isolate was resistant to all these antibiotics.  As a result of this work, generally the bacteriological quality of this milk is acceptable due to the low number of viable count of bacteria in   milk and the isolates showed high level of sensitivity to the antibiotics used in this study.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity Analysis of Essential Oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puspa Das ◽  
Shoma Dutta ◽  
Jaripa Begum ◽  
Md Nural Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth, also known as Patchouli oil was subjected for its antimicrobial investigation against a panel of ten human pathogenic bacteria and six human pathogenic fungi by Agar well diffusion method and Macrobroth dilution technique using Ampicillin (20ìg/well) and Nystatin (20ìg/well) as control. Antibacterial activity revealed that, the essential oil was more active against Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative bacteria. The largest zone of inhibition was 35 mm (against Bacillus cereus) with 20 ìl of oil. Ditermination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) showed that, Bacillus cereus exhibited the lowest MIC (250 ìg/ml) and MBC (750 ìg/ml). The oil showed moderate antifungal activity against all tested organisms. Candida albicans showed greater zone of inhibition (16 mm) than Saccharomyces cerevisiae (14 mm) with 20 ìl and Candida albicans showed lowest MIC and MFC (both were 750 ìg/ml). The zone of inhibition was 25 mm for each filamentous fungal strain with 20 ìl, except for Rhizopus oligosporus (15 mm) and the lowest MIC (250 ìg/ml) and MFC (500 ìg/ml) were reported for Aspergillus fumigatus.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 30, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2013, pp 7-10

scholarly journals Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw bovine milk and milk products from central highlands of Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1204-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyasu Tigabu Seyoum ◽  
Daniel Asrat Woldetsadik ◽  
Tesfu Kassa Mekonen ◽  
Haile Alemayehu Gezahegn ◽  
Wondwossen Abebe Gebreyes
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Processing Plants

Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes is of major significance in human and veterinary medicine. Most human Listeria infections are foodborne and the association of contaminated milk and dairy produce consumption with human listeriosis is noteworthy. In Ethiopia, there is limited data regarding the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in raw bovine milk and dairy products. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in raw bovine milk and dairy produce. Methodology: A total of 443 milk and milk product samples were microbiologically analyzed following methods recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual to isolate Listeria spp. Results: The overall prevalence of Listeria spp. was 28.4% and specifically that of L. monocytogenes was 5.6%. Taking the prevalence of Listeria spp. into consideration, cheese was found to be highly contaminated at 60%, followed by pasteurized milk samples (40%), raw milk (18.9%) and yoghurt (5%). Considering the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes only, raw milk had the lowest contamination while cheese had the highest, followed by pasteurized milk and yoghurt. Conclusions: Raw milk and milk products produced in urban and peri-urban areas of central Ethiopia were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, L. monocytogenes. The detection of this pathogen in raw milk and milk products warrants an urgent regulatory mechanism to be put in place and also the potential role of milk processing plants in the contamination of dairy products should be investigated.

scholarly journals Preliminary Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Alpinia conchigera Griff. and Plumbago indica L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Joy Baura ◽  
Torequl Islam ◽  
Zilly Homa ◽  
M Mohi Uddin Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Blastomyces Dermatitidis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Plumbago Indica

Preliminary phytochemical screenings with the crude extractives of Alpinia conchigera Griff. and Plumbago indica L. demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins and reducing sugars. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanol extracts of A. conchigera and P. indica have been evaluated against 4 Gram positive and 7 Gram negative pathogenic bacteria and 7 fungi using ciprofloxacin and fluconazole as standards, respectively, where the extract showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 15.0 to 27.0 mm. A. conchigera demonstrated significant zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus cereus Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, Vibrio cholerae while P. indica revealed strong inhibitory activity against Candida albicans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella paratyphi. The MICs of the both plant extractives were found to be 31.25 ?g/ml against B. cereus, S. paratyphi, V. cholerae, A. niger and B. dermatitidis. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the LC50 and LC90 of A. conchigera and P. indica were found to be 6.1 & 12.2 ?g/ml and 5.0 &12.0 ?g/ml, respectively. A significant dose dependent antidiarrhoeal, antimotility and analgesic activities were observed during screening in mice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v15i2.12581 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 15(2): 153-157, 2012

scholarly journals Study About Pathogenic Bacteria Associated With Bovine Mastitis

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Safana A. S. AL-Taan ◽  
Asmaa H. AL-Jobori ◽  
Anton S. AL-Bana.
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Level

Out of 100 raw milk samples collected from one hundred cows infected with mastitis, thirty three isolates of different types of pathogenic bacteria were isolated using different types of selective media.  On the basis of traditional bacteriological tests, these isolates were identified as the following: 13 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 9 isolates of B-haemolytic Streptococci, 6 isolates of Coliform bacteria, 4 isolates of Corynebacterium pyogenes, and only one isolate Bacillus cereus.  In addition to these isolates, a number of non-pathogenic bacteria were recovered during the isolation and they were considered as contaminants of milk such as S. epidermidis, C. bovis and B. subtilus.  The total number of living bacteria present in milk samples was measured and it was ranged from (1400 to 1800) bact./ml.  The isolates of pathogenic bacteria were tested for their sensitivity to different types of antibiotics and the results were: 100% of these isolates were sensitive to Gentamycin and Tetracycline, 11 (84.6%) isolates of S. aureus, 6(66.2%) isolates of B-hacmolytic Streptococci , 4(66.2%) isolates of Coliform bacteria and 3(75%)  es of C. pyogenes were sensitive to Ampicillin, Penicillin, Erythromycin and Cepholexin. While Bacillus cereus isolate was resistant to all these antibiotics.  As a result of this work, generally the bacteriological quality of this milk is acceptable due to the low number of viable count of bacteria in  milk and the isolates showed high level of sensitivity to the antibiotics used in this study.

scholarly journals Bioassay activity of crude bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus isolate against cold stressed E.coli O157:H7

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
Najim Hadi Najim
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Pathogenic Organism ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
Soft Cheese ◽  
Refrigeration Storage

The laboratory studies of the cultural isolation revealed that two isolates of Lactobacillus acidophilus were isolated from five soft cheese samples that were manufactured locally according to the farmers production procedure .Colonies of E.coli O157:H7 were isolated from raw milk samples by a conventional direct plating on selective enrichment CT-SMAC agar and tested serologically for the presence of O157 and H7 antigens using the commercial available latex agglutination kits .The results revealed that E.coli O157:H7 was resist to the crude bacteriocin that was extracted from L .acidophilus isolate NO.1 due to the nature of their cell wall, while when the outer membrane of E.coli O157:H7 was injured by cooling at 4°C for 6 hours , the permeation of bacteriocin to the cytoplasmic membrane was facilitated and caused inactivation and death of such pathogenic organism .The results revealed that no growth of E.coli O157:H7 with no visible turbidity in the nutrient broth with bacteriocin that diluted to 1\2 ,1\4 ,1\8 were observed .Bacteriocin that diluted to 1\8 had been recognized as the minimum inhibitory concentration of the bacteriocin.Both the dilution factor of bacteriocin and time exposure to bacteriocin at refrigeration storage temperature of milk had a significant (P˂0.05) influence on its antimicrobial potency against the viability of stressed E.coli O157:H7 from minutes 30 to 120 .The viability of E.coli O157:H7 subjected to bacteriocin that diluted 10 times(1:10) in both raw and sterile milk was efficiently eliminated after 90 minutes and 60 minutes of exposure at refrigeration temperature respectively.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Medicinal Plants against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hira Sakha ◽  
Rejila Hora ◽  
Shilpa Shrestha ◽  
Shreeya Acharya ◽  
Dinesh Dhakal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Objectives: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants against human pathogenic bacteria and perform Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of plants extracts. Methods: Rhizome of Curcuma longa, dried buds of Synzygium aromaticum, seeds of Zanthoxylum armatum and leaves of Elaeocarpus ganitrus, Psidium guajava, Azadirachta indica, and Artemisia vulgaris were collected from hilly regions of Nepal. The plant parts were air-dried at room temperature for several days and grinded to powder form. The ethanolic extracts of medicinal plants were prepared by using the percolation process of extraction using separating funnel and tested against human pathogenic bacteria by disc diffusion method. Then, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts were performed. Results: All plants extracts exhibited antibacterial properties against bacteria under study. However, extract from S. aromaticum (Clove), P. guajava (Guava) and E. ganitrus (Rudraksh) leaves showed most promising result against Staphylococcus aureus with zone of inhibition of 14mm, 16mm and 16 mm respectively. Likewise, S. aromaticum (Clove), C. longa (Turmeric) and P. guajava (Guava) showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with zone of inhibition of 11mm, 11mm and 10mm respectively. A. vulgaris (Titepati) and A. indica (Neem leaves) showed promising activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with zone of inhibition of 11mm. Z. armatum (Timur) showed good result against E. coli with zone of inhibition 10mm. MIC values of ethanolic extracts of S. aromaticum and E. ganitrus were found to be at the range of 12.5-25mg/ml. Conclusion: This study has helped to understand the use of these plants as traditional medicine in an economic and safe alternative to treat infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Fish Pathogenic Bacteria to Various Medicinal Herbs

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Muniruzzaman ◽  
MBR Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

The sensitivity of certain local medicinal herbs was evaluated against pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Edwardsiella tarda bacteria of fish during the period from April 2001 to March 2002. A suspension of freshly cultured experimental bacteria (2 x 107 CFU / ml) was prepared and 0.1 ml of this suspension was spread over the tryptic soya agar (TSA) plates. Then crude extract (0.1ml / plate) of each herb was inoculated in the middle of the cultured plate to detect the response. The herbal extract was categorized as high, medium and low inhibitory responded by observing the clear zone of inhibition. Fine extract of the high inhibitory responded herbs was applied under in vitro conditions against the bacteria tested. Twenty-one (80.76%), twenty-four (92.30%) and twelve (46.15%) species of the herbs tested showed antibacterial effect against A. hydrophila, P. fluorescens and E. tarda, respectively. Among them, high inhibitory responded herbs were 38.09% for inhibition of A. hydrophila and P.  fluorescens and 38.33% for E. tarda. However, the extract collected from bulb of Allium sativum for inhibition of A. hydrophila and P.  fluorescens and the decoction obtained from leaves of Calotropis gigantea for E. tarda were detected to be the most promising herbs considering effectiveness with  minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) among all of the herbs tested. Key words: Sensitivity; pathogenic bacteria; herbal extract; minimal inhibitory concentration doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1941 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 75-82

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