scholarly journals Problems and Prospects of Urban Environmental Management in Pakistan

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4II) ◽  
pp. 507-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aslam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
User Charges ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Environmental Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Environmental Problems

Discussions on environmental conditions often assume that urbanisation contributes to the degradation of the environment. However, urbanisation per se is not detrimental to the environment. Concentrations of population and economic activities through urbanisation offer opportunities in providing environmental infrastructure and health services costeffectively, because of economies of scale. It also provides opportunities to effectively internalise environmental costs; because concentration of economic activities reduces user charges and costs of tax collection, enforcement, and wastes management, which are essential to environmental protection. Nevertheless, while providing opportunities the process of urbanisation also generates environmental pressures. A nation that is unable to utilise the opportunities and alleviate the pressures through integrated environmental, economic and physical planning finds that mismanaged urbanisation can pose enormous environmental and economic problems that become increasingly difficult to solve with time. Unfortunately, Pakistan is one of the countries which have not managed the process of urbanisation effectively. This paper, after tracing the urbanisation trends in Pakistan, discusses the existing and emerging environmental impacts and risks. The country is at the stage of risk transition where modern risks caused by industrial and traffic pollution, such as chemicals, heavy metals and noise, combine with the traditional risks such as bacteriological and parasitic infections caused by inadequate infrastructure facilities particularly water supply and sanitation. The paper also analyses the responses to urban environmental problems in terms of approaches to sustainable urban development. Finally, it outlines the holistic policy directions to environmentally sound and sustainable urban development, including institutional, regulatory, economic and participatory measures.

scholarly journals Connecting cities and their environments: Harnessing the water-energy-food nexus for sustainable urban development

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Chan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThousands of years of development have made the production and consumption of water, energy, and food for urban environments more complex. While the rise of cities has fostered social and economic progress, the accompanying environmental pressures threaten to undermine these benefits. The compounding effects of climate change, habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation (in addition to financial constraints) make the individual management of these three vital resources incompatible with rapidly growing populations and resource-intensive lifestyles. Nexus thinking is a critical tool to capture opportunities for urban sustainability in both industrialised and developing cities. A nexus approach to water, energy, and food security recognises that conventional decisionmaking, strictly confined within distinct sectors, limits the sustainability of urban development. Important nexus considerations include the need to collaborate with a wide spectrum of stakeholders, and to “re-integrate” urban systems. This means recognising the opportunities coming from the interconnected nature of cities and metropolitan regions, including links with rural environments and wider biophysical dynamics.

Exploring City Branding as a Tool to Conserve Urban Green Infrastructure in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
pp. 112-139
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Padigala
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
City Branding ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The City ◽  
Environmental Infrastructure

Cities are aggressively pushing themselves to become global destinations for economic activities resulting in various environmental stresses. The situation in developing countries such as India is not too different either. Cities are reinventing themselves to emerge as a global destination to attract talent, investment and tourism. City Branding is one such marketing strategy wherein key aspect(s) of a city (cultural, environmental, infrastructure, etc.) is used to project it as a brand, thus garnering competitive advantages and co benefits. This article, however, examines the city branding tool in a different perspective. By reviewing branding theories, concepts and case studies, this article explores the possible use of city branding strategy in conserving and promoting green infrastructure. Theoretical assessments undertaken in this article indicate that city branding has a potential to contribute positively towards cities' developmental aspirations and improving the quality of life of its citizens, leading to an environmentally sustainable urban development in India.

Exploring City Branding as a Tool to Conserve Urban Green Infrastructure in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
pp. 1406-1433
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Padigala
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
City Branding ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The City ◽  
Environmental Infrastructure

Cities are aggressively pushing themselves to become global destinations for economic activities resulting in various environmental stresses. The situation in developing countries such as India is not too different either. Cities are reinventing themselves to emerge as a global destination to attract talent, investment and tourism. City Branding is one such marketing strategy wherein key aspect(s) of a city (cultural, environmental, infrastructure, etc.) is used to project it as a brand, thus garnering competitive advantages and co benefits. This article, however, examines the city branding tool in a different perspective. By reviewing branding theories, concepts and case studies, this article explores the possible use of city branding strategy in conserving and promoting green infrastructure. Theoretical assessments undertaken in this article indicate that city branding has a potential to contribute positively towards cities' developmental aspirations and improving the quality of life of its citizens, leading to an environmentally sustainable urban development in India.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Urban Planning for Puyo (Ecuador): Amazon Forest Landscape as Potential Green Infrastructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4768
Author(s):  
Thony Huera-Lucero ◽  
Adela Salas-Ruiz ◽  
Daysi Changoluisa ◽  
Carlos Bravo-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Ecological Value

The peri-urban area of Puyo, where agricultural, urban and conservation logics are mixed, is a contested area in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Rapid urban growth and agricultural activities are the main threats to the conservation of its biodiversity. To promote the conservation of natural spaces in urban planning instruments, it is necessary to first demonstrate their environmental and ecological value. In this paper, such value was analyzed by quantifying biodiversity value and carbon storage capacity in situ. The results show that Puyo’s periphery (a 4 km radius) is an opportunity space, where the conservation of its biodiversity is a key factor in strategies to promote sustainable urban development. Firstly, there are natural areas of high environmental value (secondary forest, gramalote pastures with trees and gramalote pastures) that all together fix 1,664,683 Mg CO2 and control hydrological risks (with 80% of the green areas linked to flood areas)—valuable ecosystem services. Secondly, the conservation of biodiversity brings associated economic activities that can promote local sustainable development. Despite this, the results reveal that the conservation of peri-urban natural ecosystems is not a goal in Puyo’s urban planning strategy. Therefore, future research should be focused on urban planning tools that promote environmentally, economically and socially sustainable urban development.

scholarly journals Towards a More-than-Human Approach to Smart and Sustainable Urban Development: Designing for Multispecies Justice

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 948
Author(s):  
Walter Fieuw ◽  
Marcus Foth ◽  
Glenda Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Human Sensibility ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Urban And Environmental Planning ◽  
Environmental Infrastructure

The term ‘sustainability’ has become an overused umbrella term that encompasses a range of climate actions and environmental infrastructure investments; however, there is still an urgent need for transformative reform work. Scholars of urban studies have made compelling cases for a more-than-human conceptualisation of urban and environmental planning and also share a common interest in translating theory into practical approaches and implications that recognise (i) our ecological entanglements with planetary systems and (ii) the urgent need for multispecies justice in the reconceptualisation of genuinely sustainable cities. More-than-human sensibility draws on a range of disciplines and encompasses conventional and non-conventional research methods and design approaches. In this article, we offer a horizon scan type of review of key posthuman and more-than-human literature sources at the intersection of urban studies and environmental humanities. The aim of this review is to (i) contribute to the emerging discourse that is starting to operationalise a more-than-human approach to smart and sustainable urban development, and; (ii) to articulate a nascent framework for more-than-human spatial planning policy and practice.

scholarly journals Priorities for Sustainable Urban Development as Exemplified by Individual Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
Marina Ermolina ◽  
Anna Matveevskaya ◽  
Daria Matyashova ◽  
Natalia Kovalevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Studies have shown that comparison of strategies for sustainable cities in Asian countries is carried out through the prism of the international concept of sustainable development. The work builds a complex relationship between general and specific criteria for sustainable development of the urban environment in the strategies of individual Asian countries. Priority is given to management, socio-economic development, and environmental protection. Sustainable urban development guidelines are shown considering problems of poverty, environmental pressures, and drawing attention to environmental problems in cities. The particular countries (Bhutan, Myanmar and Cambodia) show guidelines for sustainable urban development, considering urbanization and population flows, the vulnerability of major population groups and addressing poverty and pressure on the environment. Analyzing the Sustainable Development Goals and internal strategies of Asian countries, the authors sought to determine the goals and objectives of creating sustainable cities, features of sustainable cities’ strategies in individual Asian countries and typical problems that arise on the path to sustainable urban development. The hypothesis of the study is the approach to sustainable cities through the prism of the concept of sustainable development with its socioenvironmental and economic components in their relationship and interdependence.

Smart Urban Profiling And Management – New Insights For Enhancing Innovative And Sustainable City Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Rebecca Oberreiter
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Management Model ◽  
City Management ◽  
City Marketing ◽  
City Development ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
Fresh Impetus ◽  
The City

Rapidly changing framework conditions for city development such as globalization, demographic trends, deindustrialization, technological developments or the increasing urbanization as well as the economic, social and political changes are profound and change our urban life. This leads, that the cities of tomorrow will differ essentially from today´s city principles. Therefore innovative, strategically wise and quick action becomes a criterion for success. Here, more than ever, local conditions and requirements must be taken into account as well as global framework conditions. The responsible parties have to set the course so that the “City” remains competitive and sustainable in the future. Therefore, innovation processes and sustainable strategies for dealing with the diverse and complex agendas of a city in dialogue with those who are responsible for it must be initiated and management systems established so that new things can develop continuously and systematically. This work illustrates how the boundaries created to manage and market future liveable and sustainable city destinations are the root of the practical and academic problems that trouble city management these days.  This paper aims to develop the new integrated Smart Urban Profiling and Management model, which presents a new integrated approach for city marketing as an instrument of sustainable urban development. In this way, comprehensive research was conducted to evaluate if the holistic city marketing concept that integrates elements of smart city strategies and adaptive management is a more suitable instrument and integrative process than conventional city marketing in order to improve the sustainable urban development. Therefore, in this work, the designed “Smart Urban Profiling and Management model” for city management introduces an alternative and holistic perspective that allows transcending past boundaries and thus getting closer to the real complexities of managing city development in dynamic systems. The results offer the opportunity to recognize the city and consequently allow to developing successful strategies and implementation measures. This study targets to contribute to this endeavor in order to produce new impulses and incitements in the city management field and shall provide a fresh impetus for a new understanding of city marketing as the initiator of development processes, mobilization and moderator in concerning communication and participation processes. This paper is written from a perspective addressing those responsible for the city- management, city- & urban marketing and development.

scholarly journals Reducing Water Losses for Sustainable Urban Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 603 ◽  
pp. 042021
Author(s):  
Simona Popa-Albu ◽  
Mihaela Pisleaga ◽  
Adrian Tenchea
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Water Losses
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