scholarly journals Pakistan’s Industrial Experience and Future Directions

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4II) ◽  
pp. 929-944
Author(s):  
A. R. Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
The Government

This paper examines the growth and patterns of industrial production and investment activities in Pakistan during the last fifty years, 1947–1997. The industrial strategies pursued so far and the levels of efficiency and protection in the manufacturing industries are also examined. It shows that the growth rate of the manufacturing sector exceeded 8 percent up to the 1980s, but in the recent years, it has slipped to around 3 percent. Keeping in view the current sluggish output growth and inadequate investments in the industrial sector, it is recommended that Pakistan must pursue the efficient industrialisation strategy. For this purpose, the country has to pursue the sole objective of accelerating the pace of industrial investment activities and the tariff structure has to be changed in such a way that the activities chosen accord with her dynamic comparative advantage. In addition, the government will need to influence the structure of incentives, which are largely governed in Pakistan by the protection structure. The government must provide the necessary physical and social infrastructure for efficient industrialisation. Augmenting the science and technology apparatus of the private sector, bringing research institutions up to the international standards, and streamlining of technology creation, absorption and diffusion systems are essential to diversify production towards new technology-based industries. Cluster approach (i.e., an agglomeration of key industries, supporting sectors, infrastructures, and institutions that are interlinked and interdependent) can be quite useful in the development of vendors. The regulatory framework needs to be streamlined. There is also a need to improve outdated and overlapping laws regarding the industrial sector. Human resource development (through cluster approach) would improve industrial efficiency through innovations. Consistent and stable policies and improved law and order situation are pre-requisites for efficient industrial development in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Labour Force, National Savings and the Manufacturing Sector Productivity in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-473
Author(s):  
Adeyemi Babasanya ◽  
◽  
Olukayode Maku ◽  
Joseph Amaefule ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government

The study evaluated the role of sectoral labour force and the national savings on the manufacturing sector output in Nigeria from 1985 to 2019, a period of 35years. Data was sourced from Central Bank Of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin various issues up until 2017, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and World Development Index (WDI). Data were analyzed using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The VECM result revealed that national savings and labour force have long run positive effect on the manufacturing sector output, while exchange rate and inflation have long-run negative effect on the manufacturing sector output. It could be deduced from this study that national savings, labour force in the industrial sector, inflation and exchange rate are very critical factors that determine the growth and survival of the manufacturing sector. Hence, it was recommended that the government look critically to the manufacturing sector and revamp the sector by making credit facility to the sector, and increase the use of domestic raw materials.

scholarly journals Need of Financial Sustainability in the Service Sector Msmes of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4S) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
The Government

The United Nations is taking an active part in the promotion and implementation of a sustainable approach in our surrounding environment, with the help of its 17 sustainable development goals (S.D. Gs). This paper touches upon the 8th and 9 th Goals which propose Decent work, Economic growth, Industry, Innovation and sustainable Infrastructure. Researchers propose that these goals are very crucial in the development of our economy. The industrial sector of the country is the backbone of its economy and in India the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (M.S.M. Es) are the soul of its exponential growth. Keeping in mind the Importance of the M.S.M. Es and their growing potential, the government has taken various initiatives in the form of schemes and policies, to promote and sustain these small businesses. Service sector contributes to more than 54.40% to Gross added value (G.V.A.) whereas the manufacturing sector contributes significantly less than the services sector. Despite of this fact researchers have found out that the Government is more inclined towards M.S.M.E’s in manufacturing sector and have opened a greater number of schemes and opportunities for them than the M.S.M.E’s in the service sector. Today, 54.6 billion total M.S.M. Es are registered in India, 33% are of the service sector. Review and comparison of the statistics and contributions of the M.S.M. Es in both these sectors presents a clear picture regarding the extensive contribution of the service M.S.M. Es and hence has outlined the need of differentiation. The research presents a factual analysis, of the need of more action plans especially the ones aiming at making the service M.S.M. Es financially strong and sustainable. They have a great potential of expansion, growth and can help create many new employment opportunities. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to highlight their contributions and emphasize how making these thriving M.S.M. Es, stand on their own feet is the need of the hour. Researchers believe that government schemes and action plans are one of the best and efficient mediums to achieve the SDGs and contribute towards sustainable development.

scholarly journals Higher Education and the Challenges of Network Society: Philosophical Themes

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
B. V. Markov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Network Society ◽  
Workforce Productivity ◽  
Traditional Pedagogy

The article presents a philosophical analysis of the humanitarian impact of educational reform due to the influence of new digital technologies. The post-industrial development of society has been characterized as a network society. Specifically, the revolution in media today defines the technological and substantive changes in the educational sector. Its modernization in the 1990s in Russia began through the discussion of the humanitarian mission of the classical university model. However, the process of globalization and the mobility of education demanded the alignment and unification of national educational programs. The Bologna Process was a response. It was implemented in Russia as a two-tiered system, although the society still needed specialists and engineers rather than bachelors and masters. The restructuring of the educational process to comply with international standards then led to the necessity of economic reform. Society needed educated specialists but could not support a large number of educational institutions with a sizable staff. In the manufacturing sector, automatization leads to a growth in workforce productivity whereas in education the traditional pedagogy is mainly practiced. Digital technologies have opened up new opportunities for the increased economic efficiency of centers of education. However, the faculty body, especially in the Humanities sphere, expressed strong criticism. The argument is that digital technologies do not solve pedagogic problems. While discussing the economic efficiency, the main, substantive issue of the meaning and purpose of education has been left aside. Hence the question of how an individual’s education can be embedded into the overall educational process continues to be of high relevance. Resorting to philosophy may be appropriate and reasonable inasmuch as it has accumulated a range of caring and self-preservation practices aimed at the development of social skills of an individuum. Philosophy can also provide an anthropological expertise of on-going reforms, identifying their social and cultural implications.

Prospects for the aerospace industry in the Sudan

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-248
Author(s):  
Adil Ahmed Dafa’Alla
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of the Sudanese manufacturing sector to the Sudanese economy and assess the role that aerospace industry, in particular, can play as a driver for achieving sustainable development in the Sudan. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviewed and analysed the contribution of the industrial sector to the Sudanese economy based on the comprehensive industrial survey carried out with the assistance of United Nations Industrial Development Organisation and United Nations Development Programme in 2001. It then went on to assess the role that aerospace industry can play in improving the contribution of this sector to the Sudanese and regional economy and achieving sustainable development. Evidence from global industrial views, international economic reports and experience of other countries in similar situation as the Sudan was used to support arguments. Findings – The Sudanese economy is agriculturally based. A heavy injection of industrialisation of the economy is essential in order to improve the trade balance and help the country out of the poverty zone. The aerospace industry is an important ingredient of the required dose as the global and regional demand is high and the flourishing regional economy is encouraging. The paper argues that building a flourishing aerospace industry as an important element of sustainable development plan for the Sudan is a shared responsibility of good government, quality education and well-guided investment. Practical implications – The paper is proposing a practical way to transform the character of the Sudanese economy and help it to set on a sustainable development path that will alleviate poverty and improve the standard of living of its citizens. Originality/value – The paper gives critical assessment of the role of the industrial sector in driving the Sudanese economy, which is seriously lacking in the literature. Additionally, the paper introduces building a flourishing aerospace industry in the Sudan as an important ingredient to boost the manufacturing sector, hence, improve the economy, fight poverty and a step towards achieving sustainable development.

scholarly journals Impact of Training and Mentoring Activities Which are Given to The Level of Interest And Capability Industrial Target Group In Adopting SNI ISO 50001

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Dwi Apriyanti ◽  
Aris Ika Nugrahanto ◽  
Sanjaya Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Energy Management System ◽  
Development Organization ◽  
The Government

Energy consumption in the industrial sector in Indonesia is increasing as a result of population and economic growth. The government is aware of this and seeks the answer to improve industrial competitiveness and increase energy security through energy efficiency programs. Some industries have implemented energy efficiency programs as ad-hoc, but have not applied systematically, so the results are not optimal. Through the cooperation of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), there has been training and mentoring activities for industry on Energy Management System (EnMS) based on SNI ISO 50001. Based on the results of identification through survey conducted to 226 industry that has attended the training and 64 industries that have been trained and received assistance, obtained data that 45% of industries have fully adopted EnMS SNI ISO 50001, 17% industry has adopted a part of EnMS SNI ISO 50001 and 38% industry does not adopt EnMS SNI ISO 50001 altogether.

scholarly journals Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Industrial Growth of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In India the Foreign direct investment (FDI) has received a staged improvement from instigate of the Make in India scheme, according to recent survey. There was a incredible increase in FDI inflows (40%) particularly in manufacturing sector from October, 2014 to June, 2019 . The industrial sector is considered to be the one of the dominant sectors that contribute the major Indian GDP. India has been ranked fourteenth in the factory output in the world. This was because of the launch of initiative, which sought for promoting manufacturing segments and be a magnet for foreign investments. More than 56 manufacturing units are benefitted in the entire globe. In the recent times during the year 2014 to 2019 the Industrial production inclined to 3.1 per cent, mainly on account of improvement and to encourage talent augmentation towards the various sectors of the economy. This article brings out the recent efforts taken by the government for encouraging the FDI into various sectors and how it has made a pathway. In the last ten years India has shown a tremendous increase in Foreign Direct Investment into the various sectors in economy. Even though Government of India has make a pathway for attracting FDI on various sectors, this papers focuses on explaining the impact of make in India scheme on FDI. In this paper period of five years has been considered for the analysis. The Statistical Tools like Karl Pearson's Coefficient Correlation and One - Way ANOVA has been used for the analysis of data. To study the relationship between the FDI and IIP correlation is used for the analysis of data

scholarly journals Industrial Sector Input Demand Responsiveness and Policy Interventions

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1083-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Chaudhary ◽  
Eatzaz Ahmad ◽  
Abid A. Burki ◽  
Mushtaq A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Know How ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Input Demand ◽  
The Government

In Pakistan, government intervention in the input market of the industrial sector is considerable. It regulates prices of virtually all energy and certain other non-labour inputs. To stimulate industrial production and output growth, it also encourages the provision of extended credit facilities to the industrial producers. Further, it has also often announced adjustments/reductions in duties and tariffs on products used in industrial production. Conversely, government also imposes taxes on outputs. It may desire to levy new taxes on the industrial inputs. All interventions have profound implications for producers, consumers and the government alike. Therefore, it is important to know how they may affect the industrial input demand. Further, it is equally important to know how effective they may be for the government in the realisation of its objectives. The most pertinent approach to ascertain the industrial input demand responsiveness to government interventions is to obtain valid estimates of price elasticities. In fact, competent elasticity estimates of the producer input demand derived with a sound methodology can serve as a solid basis to predict producer responsiveness to market changes and thereby the effectiveness and desirability of government interventions

Industrial development and unemployment in Nigeria: an ARDL bounds testing approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Omobola Adu ◽  
Oghogho Edosomwan ◽  
Abiola Ayopo Babajide ◽  
Felicia Olokoyo
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Lag Model

Purpose The industrial sector has been identified as one of the means to address the issue of unemployment due to its role in ensuring sustainable development. However, evidence from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin reveals that the sector lags behind the agricultural and services sector in terms of its contribution to the gross domestic product. In light of this, the purpose of this paper is to ascertain whether the industrial sector development is a veritable tool in addressing the issue of unemployment in the long run for the Nigerian economy. Design/methodology/approach In order to determine whether industrial development is a veritable tool in addressing the issue of unemployment in the long run, the study makes use of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. The choice of this method over the commonly used Johansen co-integration approach is that it provides the mechanism to estimate the model in the presence of different order of integration among the macroeconomic variables; it allows us to combine and I(0) and I(1) series, while there is strict assumption of I(1) for all variables under the Johansen approach. Findings The major finding of the paper is that an inverse and elastic relationship exists between industrial output and unemployment. This suggests that the unemployment rate is very sensitive to changes in the industrial sector in Nigeria. Research limitations/implications The major limitation is the availability of recent data to capture recent happenings in the Nigerian economy. Originality/value The paper considers the entire sector encompassed in the industrial sector as opposed to focusing on just the manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF ZIMBABWE NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY: IS ZIMBABWE ON COURSE TO ATTAIN UPPER MIDDLE INCOME ECONOMY BY 2030?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Bvirindi
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
The Government

Zimbabwe was the most industrialized country in sub-Saharan Africa with the exception of South Africa and was a major exporter of manufactured products to its neighbours. Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries (CZI) (2015) observed that by 2015, however, the country’s industrial sector had all but collapsed following years of economic problems that resulted in serious deindustrialization as factories closed and relocated to neighbouring countries and thousands of workers were thrown out of employment. In view of this calamity, the Government of Zimbabwe reviewed its industrial development policy 2012-2016 and launched 2019-2023 policy. The purpose of the evaluation was therefore to identify implementation gaps and inform future policy reviews, bearing in mind that the policy under review promised to propel Zimbabwe out of mess and grow the economy to a developmental state by 2030. The overall objective of this evaluation is to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, administrative ease, equity, responsiveness and politically acceptability of the Industrial development policy. The evaluation utilised the qualitative approach because it is context-specific and provides flexibility and gives the evaluator the ability to conduct an in-depth evaluation on selected participants. The Delphi technique was used in this study. The Delphi technique is a group process used to survey and collect the opinions of experts on a particular subject. It is a method for structuring a group communication process so that the process is effective in allowing a group of individuals to deal with a complex problem. The overall findings from the expert drawn from the Tripartite Negotiating Forum (TNF) was that the policy objectives were noble but it faced serious implementation constraints due to country risk factors such as; Economic risk/unsustainable macro-economic variables, Commercial risk; (for example trading partners lacking confidence), Political risk ,thus the real or perceived mistrust and tolerance in expressing political views within a country that may give rise to political instability or apprehension by foreign governments in engaging freely with that country and social /cultural risk e.g. crime and moral decadence. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0862/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Government Expenditure and Industrial Development in Nigeria: Long Run and Short Run Dynamics from ARDL Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sarah Elechi Jeff-Anyeneh ◽  
Gideon Kasie Ezu ◽  
Amalachukwu Chijindu Ananwude
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Public Fund ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Ardl Approach ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Industrial Performance ◽  
The Government

This study estimated the long run and short dynamics between government expenditure and industrial development in Nigeria from 1981 to 2016 with the view to evaluating how the industrial sector has been influenced by variation in government expenditure. The Autoregressive Distribute Lag (ARDL) was the technique applied. We found with dismay that government expenditure has not positively affected industrial development in Nigeria both in long run and short run despite the continuous rise in government expenditure and various policies of the government towards improving industrial performance in Nigeria. Funds allocated for environmental factors of production such as electricity, road, water, communication, etc. should be appropriately utilized. Political officer holders, contractors executing capital projects, people in corridors of powers, etc. who are embroil in misappropriation or embezzlement of public fund should be properly tried and punished if found guilty.

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