scholarly journals Development Strategy for Pakistan

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Power
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Mixed Economy ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Plan Period ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Compound Interest

Economic planning is of such recent origin in Pakistan that, up to now, it has necessarily been ad hoc in character. The problems of the present and immediate future have always appeared so pressing to the planners that, aside from hopeful compound-interest projections to the next generation and occasional evasive reference to the advantages of a "mixed" economy, there has been little in the way of a philosophy or long-run strategy of economic development that one could attribute to the planning authorities. This is not at all surprising when one recalls that the First Five Year Plan was not officially approved until more than one-third of the plan period had passed. The final version had to be in part a rationalization of what had already occurred. Even the Second Plan was ready only on the eve of the beginning of the plan period and the final revised version did not appear until 15 months later.

Cultural Tourism and Economic Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-44
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Tourism Attractions ◽  
Key Aspects

There are many links between cultural tourism and economic development. Governments from entire nations down to cities and counties have made tourism a focal point in their economic development efforts. This chapter discusses 18 types of cultural tourism attractions ranging from architecture to gastronomy to sex. Each of the types of cultural tourism are assessed in terms of the level of interaction between a tourist and an attraction. Travel and tourism's contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) has outpaced overall GDP in 62% of the 185 countries studied by the World Travel and Tourism Council in 2017. Tourism's contribution to GDP exceeds 10% for several countries with Iceland topping the list at 20.1%. Sustainability is a key to the success of any long-term development strategy, and this is certainly the case with cultural tourism. The tradeoff communities face is maximizing short term returns versus managing development (tourism) to maintain the quality of the resource for the long run. Over-tourism results when an attraction or a community experiences numbers of tourists beyond the carrying capacity of the attraction. While the marketplace is better suited for managing much of tourism and its impacts, government is uniquely suited to manage some key aspects of tourism. Government is better able than business to manage for the long term. Additionally, governments can weigh costs and benefits to different groups (e.g., residents versus tourists). Two case studies are presented to highlight these issues.

Ideology and Politics in Economic Planning: The Problem of Indian Agricultural Development Strategy

1967 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine R. Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Final Draft ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
First Time

For the first time since independence, economic planners in India are experiencing a serious crisis of confidence. Although there has always been some debate on alternative policies and programs, the central assumptions of development planning have remained unchallenged since the 1930's. Now, in contrast, the very core of economic development strategy has become the target of open and bitter criticism. The final draft of the Fourth Five Year Plan has been delayed for more than a year, and the end of fundamental disagreements seems nowhere in sight.

scholarly journals Kajian Tentang Perjanjian FTA antara AFTA dan Cina

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Young Kyu Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Large Margin ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Oil Gas

This study analyses the prospects, changes and characteristics of economics cooperation between AFTA and China after the period from 1980’s. Gross trade and direct investments are studies here, as well as tariff such as per categornes, field, in order to understand AFTA China’s economics cooperation.According to FTA between AFTA and China, Crude oil, gas and other products took up the greatest portion of AFTA exports until the 2008 (in the short run), since the mid-2003, exports have grown by a large margin owing to the nation’s exportoriented economic development strategy. But, in the long run, foreign investment in the world concentrate upon China

scholarly journals Management system for agricultural enterprises competitiveness

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Alla Chykurkova ◽  
Maksym Gorikhovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Management System ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Strategic Goals

Introduction. The purpose of any production is to get the most possible profits in a market economy. Therefore, they can confidently develop their production and financial activities only those enterprises that receive from it the highest economic result. Those companies that work inefficiently, with a low profitability or are generally loss-making, are not viable. Producers of low-quality products or inefficient enterprises experience the greatest difficulties. However, the most powerful firms can flourish in a difficult time, because they go to segments of the market, which previously served by competitors who were ruined. As the experience of recent years has shown, most modern enterprises are not ready for competitive struggle. One of the key factors that determined the complexity of the situation is the lack of systematic representations about competitive advantages, how to create them and with which methods to implement them. The modern theory of competition, which has many practical provisions, is a powerful scientific base for solving important problems in the system of competitiveness management. Methods. The following methods are used when conducting the study: monographic, statistical, calculation and constructive. Results. The study of the essence of the concept of competitiveness and determination of its level in the context of development of farms and ensuring the realization of their strategic goals of the activity has been carried out. The constituents of the management of the competitiveness of farms are substantiated. The results of calculating the rating of the level of economic development of farms and the grounded development strategies of the farms of the Khmelnytskyi region are presented. Discussion. Increasing the efficiency of the organization in the long run depends, first of all, on the choice and implementation of the economic development strategy. Since the competitiveness of the company depends both on its activity and on the external environment, it is necessary to allocate and analyze the factors that have a significant impact. Priority directions for improving the competitiveness of farms are the introduction of geoinformation systems, the establishment of a servicing cooperative and the union of farmers, which will become an important task of scientific research into the future. Keywords: agricultural enterprises, farms, competitiveness, management system, land resources, production, development.

scholarly journals The Impact of Barriers on the Disproportionate Regional Development: A Review and Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (519) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
I. Z. Savchyn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Structured Groups ◽  
The Impact

The article is aimed at distinguishing and analyzing the barriers to economic development of Ukraine, forming a theoretical basis for the implementation of a convergent development strategy in order to overcome them in both the short and the long term. The article analyzes the impact of barriers on the disproportionate development of regions, which, in turn, has negative consequences for the convergent development of regions. The author structured groups of barriers to economic development of the regions of Ukraine and provided their characterizations. The barriers are defined as those most easy to overcome and those overcoming which is difficult even in the long run. In the course of the research, the most important barriers as to the development of regions are distinguished, namely: arising from resource shortages; socio-political and cultural; related to planning; organizational and institutional; related to current management; related to monitoring and control. The author presents the conception of convergent economic development, directed, in particular, towards overcoming the extant barriers that slow down the development of regions. The relevance of a more detailed research of the development of regions of Ukraine within the framework of a single conception of convergence to unify the approach to overcoming the impact of barriers on the disproportionate development of regions is substantiated. It is proved that the conception of convergent development of regions is a holistic idea of the equilibrium development of regions, which includes a set of subjects and objects of regional development, a system of agreed goals and means of their achievement aimed at balancing and coordinating the development indicators and overcoming barriers. It is determined that the prerequisite for the effective implementation of the conception of convergent development of the regions of Ukraine is their adaptability – that is, the ability to respond to new requirements and opportunities arising from innovative upgrades of technology, innovations, modernization in management. The author also proves that there is a need to limit the scale of disparities in the economic development of regions by leveling the development barriers, which constitutes one of the main tasks of regional policy.

Mismanagement of Pakistan’s Economy and Choices for the 1970s

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Long Run ◽  
New Development ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Regional Imbalance

In the chapter, Haq talks about socio-economic policy options for Pakistan in 1970s against the backdrop of economic policies of 1960s. The unrelenting emphasis on growth, which was in some ways necessary in 1960s, came at the cost of social justice. The aftermath of the ‘decade of growth’, was the growing regional imbalance. He emphasized that Pakistan’s long run economic planning needs a new development strategy, one that places less emphasis on material goods and services; relies more on self-help than aid; and that gives more autonomy to provinces in economic matters.

scholarly journals Chinese Economic Development in the Next 20 Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Liang-Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Modern Information Technology ◽  
Long Run ◽  
World Economic

<p>In this paper, Chinese economic development is discussed in detail. The 5 major strategies are investigated thoroughly: 1) Speed-maintaining strategies. In this strategies, China must hold a suitable high speed economic growth rate in order to fully use Chinese manpower and world economic opportunities; 2)Healthy economy strategy. By designing and making all effective policies, China must strive to keep Chinese economy in a healthy and controllable status. 3) Competiveness strategy. For this strategy to be effective, China have to push up the RD mechanism to pave the way for technology innovation and encourage companies to use and invent new skills and products to develop a higher level living conditions for Chinese people. 4) People’s quality enhancement. To make Chinese economy a high speed and competitive for a long run, it is vital to enhance Chinese people’s scientific knowledge and skills, especially the modern information technology skills, in this way, Chinese population will be a huge pool for the innovation not the obstacles. 5) Balanced development strategy. All economic related factors must be balanced for a sustainable growth. In the context, the detail procedures and methods are outlined and discussed.</p>

Russia’s Development Strategy: Guidelines and Restrictions

2008 ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Senchagov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Rates Of Growth

The core of Russia’s long-term socio-economic development strategy is represented by its conceptual basis. Having considered debating points about the essence and priority of the strategy, the author analyzes the logic and stages of its development as well as possibilities, restrictions and risks of high GDP rates of growth.

European experience of forming strategic directions of socio-economic development of the country

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Vasyl Papp ◽  
Nelya Boshota
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Main Task ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The main task that determines the effective functioning of the country is the formation of a strategy for its socio-economic development based on a long-term innovation strategy. An innovative development strategy of the country is defined as a fundamental, basic element of the overall strategy of socio-economic development. The purpose of the article is to develop the conceptual foundations for shaping the country's socio-economic development strategy in modern conditions, adjusting the priority directions of the strategy and the peculiarities in using the means of achieving the goals, taking into account European experience. The article examines the European practice of developing and implementing the strategy of socio-economic development of the country as the most important instrument of the state's influence on social and economic development. Recommendations on the use of advanced strategic planning tools are developed. It is proved that without the scientific and methodological support of the plan of socio-economic development of the country it is impossible to count on the successful solution of important tasks and the democratization of public relations. The concept of strategy formation is designed to take into account the interests of economic entities and territory and to cover not only the traditionally used sectoral aspect of development, but also the territorial, which includes the creation and development of clusters and special economic zones. European experience shows that transition of a country to an innovative socially oriented type of development requires an increase in the efficiency of the state strategic planning process, the achievement of which is possible only with the co-ordinated activity of state authorities, business structures, science and society. It should be emphasized that in the prevailing conditions there is a need to form a single integrated system of social and economic development planning that optimally combines both the use of strategic planning and the program-target method for solving urgent problems.

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