scholarly journals Using Classroom Video in Designing Open-ended Problem Situations

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. p46
Author(s):  
Saastra Laah-On ◽  
Maitree Inprasitha ◽  
Kiat Sangaroon ◽  
Narumon Changsri
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Teaching Approach ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Teacher Trainees

Teacher and teacher trainees have been introduced to practice Thailand Lesson Study incorporated Open Approach Model as the problem-solving-based teaching approach for the past two decades. The problem-solving-based teaching approach has to begin with posing open-ended problem situation in order to encourage students to solve the problem independently using their own method. Therefore, open-ended problem situation design is considered a key factor for teachers or teacher trainees to provide sufficient opportunities to students’ learning experiences in solving the problems (Inprasitha, 2017). As a result, this research was aimed to use video recordings of classroom teaching and experts’ reflection practice to analyze teacher trainees’ abilities in designing open-ended problem situations. A total of 10 teacher trainees were selected from the Department of Mathematics (English Program), Faculty of Education, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage using a purposive sampling technique. A multi-cases study survey research design was employed using a qualitative approach. There were four research instruments used, namely lesson plan, video and audio recording, field notes, and interview protocol. Data were collected using various sources such as research lesson plans, audio, and video recording as well as interviewing. The results revealed that teacher trainees utilized classroom teaching videos to support them in clarifying indecisive problem situations, revising the sequence of teaching, and modifying appropriate words used in giving the direction of the problem situations. On the other hand, the experts’ reflection video has successfully assisted them to have a better understanding of mathematical contents in problem-solving teaching approach and teacher trainees’ intention of each action in the learning activities.

In the classroom: Problem solving with number-picture problem situations

1962 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Juliet Sharff
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Number Concepts ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Level Number

The class was inspired by the weather to develop its first picture problem situation. The teacher sketched at the chalk-board in response to children's suggestions and guided them so that basic grade-level number concepts were included. For example, the first cooperative class sketch featured a snowy hill and boys and girls with sleds. All data are not pictured; some are provided as factual information. The sketch (Fig. 1) and some of the resulting number problems were similiar to the following.

Links to Literature: Using Representations to Explore Perimeter and Area

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Word Problems ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Mathematical Word Problems ◽  
Computational Processes

In an elementary school classroom, as in real life, the lines between the content areas should be blurred, particularly between mathematical problem solving and mathematical situations contextualized in good literature. For that reason, I always look for interesting books about mathematical situations. Why use children's literature to teach mathematics? A good story often places mathematical problems in the context of familiar situations and is similar to, yet a much more elaborate version of, mathematical word problems. Assertions that children's inability to solve word problems results from their inability to read or to compute effectively simply are not true. The problem is that children do not know how to choose the correct operation or sequence of operations to solve the problem. To solve a problem situation presented in words, children need to be able to connect computational processes with appropriate calculations. Their difficulties lie in the fact that children simply do not understand the mathematics well enough conceptually to make the connection with the problem- solving situation. Using books with authentic problem situations may help children see that learning computation serves a real-life purpose.

Implementing the Standards: Incorporating Mathematical Modeling into the Curriculum

1991 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-365
Author(s):  
Frank Swetz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Original Problem ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Multistage Process ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
The Impact

In suggesting plans of action for the reform of mathematics education in North America, NCTM reports have focused strongly on the need to improve problem-solving skills and the need to “do” mathematics. Most recently, these goals have been reiterated and clarified in Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM 1989). In discussing the impact of Standard 1: Mathematics as Problem Solving on students in grades 9-12, the report notes that students should be able to “apply the process of mathematical modeling to real-world problem situations” (p. 137). By using the phrase “apply the process of mathematical modeling,” the authors of this standard were most precise in their language. Mathematical modeling is a process and must be taught as a process. Certainly mathematical modeling involves problems, but it should not be considered as merely a collection of interesting problems and solution schemes. More important, modeling is a multistage process that evolves from the identification and mathematical articulation of a problem through its eventual solution and the testing of that solution in the original problem situation. The challenge for teachers is to understand this process of mathematical modeling and to apply it effectively in problem solving.

scholarly journals Thematic Problems as a didactic strategy in initial teacher education

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e34
Author(s):  
Édila Rosane Alves da Silva ◽  
Mara Elisa Fortes Braibante
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Initial Teacher Education ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Initial Formation ◽  
Problem Situations

This paper presents a didactic strategy developed in the initial teacher education in Chemistry, through the articulation between the Problem Solving Methodology and Themes, which was called Thematic Problems. Thematic Problems include the approach of problem situations linked to thematic subjects that require scientific knowledge for their reflection and subsequent resolution. It is intended from this method, to provide academics with the possibility of placing them in the role of teacher, providing them with subsidies for the elaboration of problem situations and their own didactic materials; reflection on the adequacy of different methodologies of classroom teaching, considering the learning objectives created by the undergraduates and the consideration of the importance of the association between specific and pedagogical contents for the exercise of the teaching profession. In this article, in addition to the approach to structuring and classifying Thematic Problems, we present examples of thematic problems elaborated by teachers in initial formation.

scholarly journals Mathematics Educators’ Perspective on Pre-service Mathematics Teachers’ Professional Competencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. p55
Author(s):  
Sirirat Chaona ◽  
Maitree Inprasitha ◽  
Narumon Changsri ◽  
Kiat Sangaroon
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Lesson Study ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Professional Competencies ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Mathematics Educators ◽  
Mathematical Problems

This research was designed to study pre-service mathematics teachers' professional competencies to assist student learning by using Lesson Study and Open Approach innovations from mathematics educators' perspectives. A total of 35 mathematics educators have more than three years of experience not only in terms of utilizing the Lesson Study and Open Approach innovations but also in providing training to the pre-service mathematics teachers were selected. The researchers employed three data collection methods, namely document analysis, a survey using a questionnaire, and interviews. The obtained data from three sources was designed with the principle of triangulation. The findings of this research were presented under the three steps of the Thailand Lesson Study Model. In the first step, “Collaboratively Design Research Lesson Plan”, pre-service teachers can create problem situations that associated with the students' real world, can analyze the context of the problem situations, can analyze keywords that initiate students' ideas, can anticipate students' ideas, and can prepare teaching materials to support students' ideas. This is followed by the second step as “Collaboratively Observe Research Lesson”. The findings revealed that pre-service teachers can observe students’ ideas when their students were solving mathematical problems, can notice students’ difficulties in their learning, can give feedback using words that match with students’ proficiency level, give students opportunities to show how to think and present their ideas, listen to and accept students’ opinions, and taking notes on students’ ideas or pieces of learning evidence. The findings of the final step namely “Collaboratively Reflect on Teaching Practice” showed that pre-service teachers could reflect the learning outcomes by correlating students’ ideas with the instructions.

scholarly journals Oblici tekstualiziranih zadataka množenja i dijeljenja i dječje strategije rješavanja

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josipa Rudić ◽  
Maja Cindrić
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Math Teaching ◽  
Children's Strategies

Contemporary approaches in math teaching emphasize the importance of problem solving in order to discover patterns, manage certain knowledge and acquire skills for modeling situations by using mathematical tools. Approaches to problem situation differ from one individual to another, and there is no universal approach that should be acquired. Individuals should rather develop skills related to resolving problem situations. Teacher's strategies, which are based on experience and knowledge, differ from children's strategies, so in other to avoid imposing personal strategies, teacher should be aware of the existence of different student strategies. This paper provides a preview of different situations related to multiplication and division that include integers and strategies the children use in solving the tasks.

Toward Computational Fluency in Multidigit Multiplication and Division

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 300-305
Author(s):  
Karen C. Fuson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Computational Fluency ◽  
Whole Numbers ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Mathematical Operations

Traditionally in the United States and Canada, students have first learned how to compute with whole numbers and then have applied that kind of computation. This approach presents several problems. First, less-advanced students sometimes never reach the application phase, so their learning is greatly limited. Second, word problems usually appear at the end of each section or chapter on computation, so sensible students do not read the problems carefully: They simply perform the operation that they have just practiced on the numbers in the problem. This practice, plus the emphasis on teaching students to focus on key words in problems rather than to build a complete mental model of the problem situation, leads to poor problem solving because students never learn to read and model the problems themselves. Third, seeing problem situations only after learning the mathematical operations keeps students from linking those operations with aspects of the problem situations. This isolation limits the meaningfulness of the operations and the ability of children to use the operations in a variety of situations.

PENGGUNAAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Noor
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Team Games ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Grade Material ◽  
Normalized Gain ◽  
Cooperative Models ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence about the use of cooperative models of Team Games Tournament to increase the ability of students on solving problems with the summation material fractions. To achieve these objectives, the research carried out in the form of an experiment by comparing the problem solving ability of students to the material sum of fractions through the use cooperative model of TGT and students who received conventional learning. The design is a pretest-posttest control group design. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling technique. The instrument used is to use tests that pretest and posttest. The data were analyzed quantitatively for the results of the pretest, posttest, and normalized gain value. Based on data analysis in this study we concluded that there are differences in problem solving ability of students to the material sum of fractions through the use of cooperative models of Team Games Tournament with students who studied with conventional models, and improved problem solving abilities of students in the material that follows the fractional summation cooperative learning of TGT better than students who take the conventional learning model. Therefore, the ability of solving problems of students at grade material fractions summation cooperative modeled of TGT has increased quite good.

PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DIPADU MIND MAP TERHADAP KREATIVITAS DALAM MEMECAHAN MASALAH PADA KONSEP PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novi Tri Susanti ◽  
Anna Fitri Hindriana ◽  
Haruji Satianugraha
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Integration Effect ◽  
Map Integration

This study aim to determine the effect of Problem Based Learning (PBL) models in mind map integration to creativity of problem solving in the environmental pollution concept of graders X. The method used is a Quasi-experimental design form Nonequivalent Control Group Design (pretest- posttest). The study population is all the students of graders X academic year 2017/2018 as many as 9 classes with the number of 360 students. The sample used was 80 students from two classes as an experimental class and a control class. Sampling was done by Cluster Random Sampling technique. Instruments used include test descriptions, questionnaires and teacher observation sheets. The results of the analysis of the test descriptions creativity in problem solving obtained results of hypothesis testing (t test) i.e. 20.5 t count > t table of 2.66 means that Ho refused and Hi accepted, it means PBL learning models in Mind Map integration effect on creativity in problems solving. This is indicated by an increase in the average score on each indicator of creativity in problem solving in which students are able to grow various ideas, enrich ideas, add or detail the details of an idea and determine the truth to solve the problems. From the analysis of questionnaire data showed an interest in learning to use the PBL modela in Mind map integration, students agreed that if the model of PBL in Mind map integration may be easier to learn about the concept of Environmental Pollution. In addition, students also agreed that if the PBL models in Mind map integration effect on creativity in problems solving. The results showed that there was a significant influence between learning using PBL models in Mind map integration those not using the learning models to creativity in problems solving in the concept of environmental pollution of graders X.

scholarly journals What affordances do open-ended real-life tasks offer for sharing student agency in collaborative problem-solving?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juuso Henrik Nieminen ◽  
Man Ching Esther Chan ◽  
David Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Collaborative Problem Solving ◽  
Student Agency ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Collaborative Problem ◽  
Mathematical Arguments ◽  
Life Tasks ◽  
Collaborative Construction

AbstractThe important role of student agency in collaborative problem-solving has been acknowledged in previous mathematics education research. However, what remains unknown are the processes of agency in open-ended tasks that draw on real-life contexts and demand argumentation beyond “mathematical”. In this study, we analyse a video recording of two student groups (each consisting of four students) taking part in collaborative problem-solving. We draw on the framework for collaborative construction of mathematical arguments and its interplay with student agency by Mueller et al. (2012). This original framework is supplemented by (i) testing and revising it in the context of open-ended real-life tasks, with (ii) student groups rather than pairs working on the tasks, and by (iii) offering a strengthened methodological pathway for analysing student agency in such a context. Based on our findings, we suggest that the framework suits this new context with some extensions. First, we note that differences in student agency were not only identified in terms of the discourse students drew on, but in how students were able to shift between various discourses, such as between “mathematical” and “non-mathematical” discourses. We identify a novel discourse reflecting student agency, invalidation discourse, which refers to denying other students’ agency by framing their contribution as invalid. Finally, we discuss the need to reframe “mathematical” arguments—and indeed student agency—while the task at hand is open-ended and concerns real-life contexts.

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