scholarly journals Analysis of Groundwater Quality in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Districts, Parwan, Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafizullah Rasouli
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Conductivity Water ◽  
Irrigation Waters

This groundwater research is carried out groundwater quality in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Districts. The main objective of this research is to find out natural causes of drinking water contaminations (toxic elements and components), that are leaching from soluble arrangement of rocks,sediments and soil by surface water at the infiltration time, toward the groundwater. For completion this research I used two categories of water analysis; one is areal analysis, and another is laboratory analysis. In areal analysis ten wells have been recovered by this research in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Distracts, a number of Electro-Conductivity, water temperature,dissolved oxygen in water, Total Dissolved Soled (TDS) and the Resolved Salt in Water (SSW), determination Partible ground at areal complete. For laboratory works I used chemical device of Spectra- photo model. From comparing mean of chemical and physical parameters with standards.pH, K, Na, Mg, Cl, Fe, F, TH, Ca and SO4 all are normal and we can use them for drinking and irrigation waters. The challenges that I faced during this research are; absence of research in this area and lack of geological equipment’s.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Issues and Challenges for Drinking and Irrigation Uses in Central Ganga Basin Dominated with Rice-Wheat Cropping System

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2344
Author(s):  
Sumant Kumar ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Veerendra Kumar Chandola ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Ravi K. Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Ganga Basin ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation

Increased population and increasing demands for food in the Indo-Gangetic plain are likely to exert pressure on fresh water due to rise in demand for drinking and irrigation water. The study focuses on Bhojpur district, Bihar located in the central Ganga basin, to assess the groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purpose and discuss the issues and challenges. Groundwater is mostly utilized in the study area for drinking and irrigation purposes (major crops sown in the area are rice and wheat). There were around 45 groundwater samples collected across the study region in the pre-monsoon season (year 2019). The chemical analytical results show that Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3− ions are present in abundance in groundwater and governing the groundwater chemistry. Further analysis shows that 66%, 69% and 84% of the samples exceeded the acceptable limit of arsenic (As), Fe and Mn respectively and other trace metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) are within the permissible limit of drinking water as prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standard for drinking water. Generally, high as concentration has been found in the aquifer (depth ranges from 20 to 40 m below ground surface) located in proximity of river Ganga. For assessing the irrigation water quality, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values, residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Na%, permeability index (PI) and calcium alteration index (CAI) were calculated and found that almost all the samples are found to be in good to excellent category for irrigation purposes. The groundwater facie has been classified into Ca-Mg-HCO3 type.

scholarly journals Contamination Level, Source Identification and Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Drinking Water Sources of Mining and Non-mining Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Imran Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Ishtiaq ◽  
Said Akbbar Khan ◽  
javed nawab ◽  
Sardar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Epa

Abstract Accelerated mining activities have increased water contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their associated human health risk in developing countries. The current study investigated the distribution of PTEs, their potential sources and health risk assessment in both ground and surface water sources in mining and non–mining areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Water samples (n=150) were taken from selected sites and were analyzed for six PTEs (Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn). Among PTEs, Cr showed high mean concentration (497) μg L–1, followed by Zn (414) μg L–1 in mining area, while Zn showed lowest mean value (4.44) μg L–1 in non-mining areas. Elevated concentrations of Ni, Cr and moderate level of Pb in ground and surface water of Mohmand District exceeded the permissible limits set by WHO (2017). Multivariate statistical analyses showed that pollution sources of PTEs were mainly from mafic-ultramafic rocks, acid mine drainage, open dumping of mine-wastes and mine tailings. The hazard quotient (HQ) was highest for children relatively to adults, but not higher than the US-EPA limits. The hazard index (HI) for ingestions of all selected PTEs were lower than the threshold value (HIing <1), except Mohmand District which showed (HI >1) in mining areas through ingestion. Moreover, the carcinogenic risk (CR) values exceeded the threshold limits for Ni and Cr set by the US-EPA (1.0E−04 to 1.0E−06). In order to protect the drinking water sources of the study areas from more contamination, the management techniques and policy for mining operations need to be implemented.

scholarly journals Environmental Factors Causing Stress in Avicennia marina Mangrove in Rabigh Lagoon Along the Red Sea: Based on a Multi-Approach Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed O. Aljahdali ◽  
Abdullahi B. Alhassan ◽  
Zhaohui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Nutrient Level

Lagoons along the Red Sea are socio-economically important but most vulnerable ecosystems. Strong evaporation, strengthened due to global warming, leads to high salinity and high temperature in surface water, which exacerbate physiological stress in mangroves. Rabigh Lagoon is characterized by unusually large spatial differences in nutrient dynamics and physicochemical parameters. We conducted a multi-approach study to demonstrate how environmental factors cause growth retardation and stress in mangroves. There were significant variations (P &lt; 0.05) in water salinities and temperatures, nitrogen and phosphorus abundance in sediments, and antioxidants in mangroves among 8 sites across the lagoon. Salinity and water temperature rapidly increased from the northern where Red Sea seawater enters to the southern end, but dissolved oxygen declined. High salinity (44.9), high surface water temperature (28.8°C) and relatively high nutrients at the southern end of the lagoon (S8) corresponded to high concentrations of antioxidants. High δ13C (−12.4‰) and δ15N (4.9‰) in the sediments at S8 also reveal relatively high nutrient level due to stagnant water, camel grazing, and runoff bringing in fertilizer from agriculture activities in the catchments during seasonal flooding events. Principal component analyses showed that N and P limitation at the lagoon entrance is the leading cause for mangrove stress, while high salinity, temperature, and low dissolved oxygen are the predominant factors for high antioxidants concentrations at the southern end of the lagoon.

Odour Problems in Two Reservoirs

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Popovska
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temperature Depth

The Klicava reservoir was regularly monitored for almost two years. The dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, water temperature, depth, and the relationship between numbers of autotrophs, Actinomycetes and fungi and odour intensity (OI) were measured. using statistical methods, the relationships between odour intensity and pH, OI and DO content were shown. By multiple regression OI in the Klicava water was found to be dependent on the concentration of DO and, to a lesser degree, on water depth. The effect of pH on OI is negligible. The Hubenov reservoir was studied for one year, with a view to the number of Actinomycetes in particular. A negative correlation between OI and DO in the surface water was found.

scholarly journals Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using GIS-based water quality index in urban area of Abaya-Chemo sub-basin of Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamru Tesseme Aragaw ◽  
Gopalakrishnan Gnanachandrasamy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Great Rift Valley

AbstractGroundwater is the major resource for drinking and irrigation purposes in urban areas of Abaya-Chemo sub-basin of Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia. There is an incredible increase in demand in the sub-basin for good-quality groundwater resources. However, the exhaustive irrigation and rapid urbanization has posed a serious threat to groundwater quality in the urban districts of sub-basin like Arba Minch town. The aim of the study was to evaluate the groundwater quality status and to map their spatial distribution with respect to the suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in Arba Minch town, Ethiopia. Fourteen bore well samples were examined for geochemical variations and groundwater qualities. The spatial distribution maps of quality parameters were prepared using the kriging method in ArcGIS 10.3. Drinking water quality index, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), percentage sodium (Na%), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and permeability index (PI) were considered for drinking and irrigation suitability assessment. Comparison of the hydrochemical results with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Ethiopian drinking water standards (ES) and various classifications revealed that the current status of the groundwaters is suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes except for a few sites at the northwestern part of the study area. The WQI results revealed that 7% and 64% of samples fall from excellent to good classes for drinking categories. Irrigation indices also demonstrated that 80% of samples fall in good classes for irrigation purposes. About 75 percent of samples belong to Ca–Mg-HCO3 facies, and the reaming samples belong to Ca–Mg–Cl facies. The results of the study concluded that the proposed approach is reliable and efficient for the groundwater pollution status evaluation and can also be applied in decision making for effective groundwater resources monitoring in the study area.

scholarly journals Variations of surface water quality in selected tidal creeks of Sagar Island, Indian Sundarban eco-region: a multivariate approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Basu ◽  
Subarna Bhattacharyya ◽  
Pranab Gogoi ◽  
Suryasis Dasgupta ◽  
Sanjoy Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Tidal Creeks ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Indian Sundarbans ◽  
Sagar Island ◽  
Annual Range

AbstractSagar Island in Indian Sundarbans is bestowed with numerous tidal creeks providing a suitable home to its inherent aquatic biota. The present study investigated the variation in the surface water quality in selected tidal creeks of Sagar Island, Indian Sundarbans to understand the present status of water quality for wildlife propagation and fisheries. Ten water parameters were taken into consideration for analysis on monthly basis from four stations (tidal creeks) from September 2015 to August 2016. One-way ANOVA showed five parameters (water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand) varied significantly between seasons (p ≤ 0.05). Factor analysis exhibited four factors explaining 53.21% total variance in the observed data. Salinity and turbidity showed a maximum annual range of variations followed by dissolved oxygen. The fluctuations of physicochemical parameters throughout the year hinted toward the ever-changing nature of the estuarine ecosystem with possible human-induced impacts. Pronounced variation in turbidity seemed to be the effect of ferrying/transportation, monsoonal runoff and other human-induced activities. In the present study, water parameters viz., water temperature, dissolved oxygen and turbidity were the deterministic parameters influencing the variables in the system. The other important parameters were found to be COD, BOD3 and nitrate concentrations during the study period. The study shall provide baseline information in formulating the management measures in terms of water quality in wildlife propagation and fisheries.

scholarly journals The Impact of Local Climate Change on Drinking Water Quality in a Distribution System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eugene Kimbrough
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Local Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

In this study, air temperatures were collected between 1985 and 2016 and compared to water temperatures in four locations in the distribution system of Pasadena Water &amp; Power (PWP) that received imported surface water between 2001 and 2016 and from the purveyor of imported water.&nbsp; The concentration of chloramine residual and nitrite concentrations were collected between 2001 and 2016 these five locations.&nbsp; The results indicate that the median nighttime temperature of the period 2009 - 2016 was 1.6 oC warmer than the period of 1985 - 2000 and 0.5 oC warmer than the period 2001 - 2008.&nbsp; The median water temperature in the four distribution system samples increased by 0.8 oC to 1.4 oC depending on the location over the study period (p&lt;0.001).&nbsp; The median chloramine concentration fell significantly (p&lt;0.001) at three distribution system locations and the nitrite concentrations increased significantly at all four distribution system locations.&nbsp;

scholarly journals Groundwater quality mapping for drinking and irrigation purposes using statistical, hydrochemical facies, and water quality indices in Tercha District, Dawuro Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3367-3377
Author(s):  
Arefegn Arota ◽  
Abunu Atlabachew ◽  
Abel Abebe ◽  
Muralitharan Jothimani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples

When groundwater quality is good, it may be a substantial water supply for various applications. However, no systematic research on hydrogeochemistry and water quality features for drinking and irrigation has been undertaken in the present study area. As a result, the current study looked at hydrogeochemical variables and groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation in Tercha district, Dawuro Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Forty-seven groundwater samples were collected and tested to satisfy the required target for various physicochemical properties. The hydrogeochemical features of the groundwater in the study region were assessed using in-situ testing and laboratory analysis of physicochemical parameters. Groundwater samples from the research region were slightly acidic to slightly basic, with the principal cations and anions decreasing in sequence: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and HCO3-> Cl-> SO42-. The hadrochemical facies of the studied region evolved from mildly mineralized dominant highland Ca-HCO3 water types to moderately mineralized mixed Ca-Na-HCO3 water types to highly mineralized deep rift floor Na-HCO3 water types. Additionally, the World Health Organization and the Ethiopian Standard Agency were utilized to compare the drinking water quality. Except for NO3- (4.25 %), Fe (8.51 %), and F- (2.12%), all groundwater samples from the research region were determined to be within permitted limits and appropriate for drinking. According to the Water Quality Index, about 80.86% of groundwater samples are excellent, and 19.14% are good drinking water. Sodium absorption ratio (SAR), sodium (Na) percentage, residual sodium carbonate RSC, permeability index (PI), and magnesium hazard were among the irrigation water quality indicators calculated (MH). The great majority of groundwater samples are suitable for agricultural use.

scholarly journals Evaluating Groundwater Quality for Sustainable Drinking and Irrigation Purposes and Assessing Nitrate Risks on Human Health in Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa Hadi Ahmed ◽  
Mahmood F. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Wells

Abstract Groundwater quality has specific importance for domestic, agricultural, and drinking water supply. Therefore, the objective of the current paper is to investigate groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes, as well as studying health hazard effects of nitrate-containing groundwater on age groups living in rural areas. Two water quality indices were used for checking groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. For drinking water quality index (DWQI), 88% of groundwater wells were poor water, whereas 12% were good water for drinking. The values of irrigation water quality index (IWQI) showed that the suitability of groundwater for irrigation uses was ranged from high to medium. In addition, this paper also included a risk assessment of nitrate-containing groundwater on rural resident's health. calculating oral hazard quotient (HQoral) for nitrates showed that 94% of the groundwater wells of the study area were less than 1, indicating no adverse health hazards on infants and children, whereas 6% of total wells were above 1, suggesting there are health risks. Regarding health effects on adults, all HQoral values were less than 1, indicating no adverse health hazards. The Hazard Quotient via dermal contact (HQdermal) for nitrates was much less than the safety factor 1, indicating no health hazards on age groups via bathing.

scholarly journals Contamination Level, Source Identification And Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements In Drinking Water Sources of Mining And Non-Mining Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Ishtiaq ◽  
Said Khan ◽  
javed nawab ◽  
Sardar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Epa

Abstract Accelerated mining activities have increased water contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their associated human health risk in developing countries. The current study investigated the distribution of PTEs, their potential sources and health risk assessment in both ground and surface water sources in mining and non–mining areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Water samples (n=150) were taken from selected sites and were analyzed for six PTEs (Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn). Among PTEs, Cr showed high mean concentration (497) μg L–1, followed by Zn (414) μg L–1 in mining area, while Zn showed lowest mean value (4.44) μg L–1 in non-mining areas. Elevated concentrations of Ni, Cr and moderate level of Pb in ground and surface water of Mohmand District exceeded the permissible limits set by WHO (2017). Multivariate statistical analyses showed that pollution sources of PTEs were mainly from mafic-ultramafic rocks, acid mine drainage, open dumping of mine-wastes and mine tailings. The hazard quotient (HQ) was highest for children relatively to adults, but not higher than the US-EPA limits. The hazard index (HI) for ingestions of all selected PTEs were lower than the threshold value (HIing <1), except Mohmand District which showed (HI >1) in mining areas through ingestion. Moreover, the carcinogenic risk (CR) values exceeded the threshold limits for Ni and Cr set by the US-EPA (1.0E−04 to 1.0E−06). In order to protect the drinking water sources of the study areas from more contamination, the management techniques and policy for mining operations need to be implemented.

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