scholarly journals Effect of legume type and nitrogen source on milk yield among dairy cows fed maize (Zea mays) stover treated with groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and soybean (Glycine max) stover

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-191
Author(s):  
DM Chisowa ◽  
MT Daura ◽  
EM Syampaku
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Develop Technology ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Set Up

The main objective of the study was to develop technology for improving utilization of abundant quantities of under- utilized crop residues and leguminous plants during the dry season to mitigate effects of dry season on milk yield. The study was set up to test practical ways of upgrading low quality roughage and their effect on milk yield. A 22 factorial experiment within a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) was used. The study involved improving the quality of maize stover using urea fertilizer (UF), chopped groundnut (cGS) and soybean (cSS) stover, mineralized groundnut (mGS) and mineralized soybean (mSS) solution as sources of nitrogen. Research findings revealed superiority of UET over both groundnut and soybean stover in improving the quality of maize stover. Across legume types, groundnut stover had a higher positive effect on improving the quality of maize stover in terms of milk yield. Within legume stover type mGS showed superior milk yield values than cGS. The reverse was true for soybean stover. The study indicated the effect of improving maize stover with cSS on milk yield was higher than that of mSS in improving the quality of maize stover. It was generally observed that the use of mineralization of legume stover in improving the quality of maize stover is more effective than chopping. Pooled result of effect of mineralised groundnut and soybean stover on milk yield was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the chopped forms for the same legume stover. When evaluated across legume type the effect of legume type on milk yield did not differ significantly (p>0.05) for both processing methods.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of effect of legume type on feed intake among dairy cows fed maize (Zea mays) stover treated with groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and soybean (Glycine max) stover

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 027-035
Author(s):  
Chisowa DM ◽  
Mpofu IDT ◽  
Daura MT ◽  
Syampaku EM
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Supplement Intake

This study evaluated the use of maize, groundnut and soybean stover in cattle feeding. The study assessed the value of upgrading the quality of crop residues. The study involved evaluation of palatability of maize stover improved using urea (U), chopped groundnut stover (cGS), chopped soybean stover (cSS), mineralized groundnut stover solution (mGS) and mineralized soybean stover solution (mSS). In the feeding trial, twelve (12) crossbred dairy cows in their second parity were used as experimental units. A 22 factorial experiment within a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) was used. Maize stover was chopped before being mixed with urea, chopped legume stover and mineralized legume stover solutions. The effect of supplementation using maize stover upgraded with U, cGS, cSS, mGS and mSS was studied for supplement intake levels. Urea Ensilage Treatment (UET) was used as the novel therapy in the study. Both legume type and processing method had influence on supplement intake of maize stover. Groundnut stover had significantly (p˂0.05) higher (0.99kg/day, se=0.04) effect on supplement intake of maize stover than soybean stover(0.83kg/day, se=0.04). The use of mineralized legume stover solution proved significant (p˂0.05) to the use of chopped legume stover in improving the intake of maize stover. Results have indicated that intake was highest (1.01kg/day, s.e=0.04) for mineralised groundnut stover solution and lowest (0.67kg/day, s.e=0.04) for Urea Ensiling Treatment.

Extent of availability of major nutrients from selected Cereal Crop Residues to dairy ruminants as an alternative Dry Season Forage in Northern Uganda.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
Nviiri Geofrey ◽  
H. Okello ◽  
P. Nakyewa ◽  
G. A. Maiteki
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Major Nutrient ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Major Nutrients

This work aimed at determining the availability of major nutrients from cereal crop residues (CRs) of maize, rice and sorghum to dairy ruminants in Northern Uganda. The major nutrient composition of the CRs was determined to establish their potential as alternative dry season forage resources for dairy animals. The CRs were selected based on crop economic importance and availability at the on-set of the dry season in randomly selected sub-counties of Lira, Otuke and Kole districts. Five samples of each CR were obtained from 20 farmer’s fields immediately after harvesting of each crop. Chemical analyses measured included Dry matter (DM), Crude protein (CP), Acid detergent fiber (ADF), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Digestible energy (DE), Organic matter digestibility (OM dig), Calcium (Ca), and Phosphorous (P). Fresh maize stover (MSF) had the highest CP (70.5g/kg DM), DE (11.3 MJ/kg DM), and lowest lignifications (49g/kg DM). Rice straw (RS) had a CP (42.1g/kg DM), lowest DE (6.9MJ/kg DM) and OM dig (506 g/kg DM). Dry maize stover (MSD) had the highest lignifications (76.0 g/kg DM) and low OM dig (543 g/kg DM) and sorghum stover (SS) had the lowest CP (40.0 g/kg DM) and a very low DE (7.1MJ/kg DM). The low CP levels and high levels of lignification limit the digestibility of the CR. However, their CF digestibility can be improved using an energy rich by-product, molasses (12.7MJ/kg DM) while the CP limitation due to ligfications can be improved through urea treatment.

scholarly journals The Disclosure of Audited Fund Campaign Accounting in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.21) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Lita Kusumasari ◽  
. .
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Legal Identity ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Set Up

After long history on democracy, Indonesia formed General Elections Commission (Indonesia: Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU)) in 1999. KPU is the legitimate body to organize elections in Indonesia.  The responsibilities of KPU are deciding the parties that can compete on elections, ruling the voting and the results of seat won for legislatives, president, and mayors in Indonesia. Including the task is set up regulation for campaign and fund campaign accounting. The fund campaign reports are audited using 15 agreed upon procedures by the auditors. The research findings are 42 mistakes from 11 political parties. Only one political party does not make the mistake. The weakness comes from many forms, such as: transpose error, not following the KPU rule no. 17, 2013, the donation is not supported by legal identity, the donation without legal identity is not given back to country, the fund is not placed in special account before used, the candidates submitted fund campaign report without supporting documents, there is error on placing expenditure segment, the sum error, and there is no consistency between one report to another report. The findings on fund campaign reporting from the political parties are analyzed by goodness of fit test (chi-square). The research found that the total mistakes on fund campaign reporting by political parties are same. Based on the result and weakness, KPU need to make it better understanding to political parties by doing training and assisting. The standards of implementation on KPU regulation need to impose so that the quality of fund campaign accounting could be improved. The time frame to report should also be considered. 

Characteristics of ensiled cassava leaves and maize stover as dry season feed for ruminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-281
Author(s):  
M. O. Ajayi ◽  
E. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Cassava Leaves

Insufficient quantity and quality of feed for ruminants during the dry season is a major limiting factor for effective production and management. Smallholder farmers generate large crop residues in the wet season, which are rich in nutrients in which ruminants can feed on in the dry season by proper ensiling. Cassava Leaves (CL) and Maize Stover (MS) residues were thus ensiled to evaluate their nutritional qualities as feed for ruminants. Fresh cassava leaves and maize stover were collected, chopped and wilted. Silages were prepared as: T1 (100%CL), T2 (100%MS), T3 (50%CL+50%MS), T4 (25%CL+ 75%MS) and T5 (75%CL+25%MS). Ensiling lasted for 21 days after which they were opened to determine the quality using physical assessment of colour, smell, texture, pH and temperature. Chemical composition of the silages comprising Crude Protein-CP, Crude Fibre-CF, Ether Extract-EE, ash content, Acid Detergent Fibre-ADF, Neutral Detergent Fibre-NDF and Acid Detergent Lignin-ADL were assessed. Nutritive values of the diets were evaluated using in vitro fermentation technique to determine Total Gas Production (TGP), methane, Metabolizable Energy (ME), Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) and Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD). Coefficient of Preference (COP) was determined using a cafeteria feeding technique. Olive-green colour, alcoholic smell and firm texture were observed in the silages. The pH ranged from 4.13 to 4.73 while higher pH was observed in 100%CL. The temperature was between 31°C and 32ºC. The values obtained for the DM ranged from 64.37 to 67.9%. The CP values varied between 8.64 and 19.68%. The lowest CP of 8.64% was observed in T2 (100%MS) while 19.68% was obtained in T1 (100%CL). The ash content ranged from 8.65 to 13.00% and the CF value varied from 33.70 to 40.39%. It was observed that 100%MS had significantly (P<0.05) higher CF (40.39%) compared to other treatments. The EE values varied between 4.45 and 5.22%. The EE value in 100%CL (5.22%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to other silage treatments. The NDF, ADF and ADL values varied from 62.70-69.80%, 43.95-47.90% and 22.95-25.80%, respectively and significant differences were observed. The total gas volume ranged from 8.33 to 13.8mL, methane 5.3 to 7.6, OMD (32.72-42.5%), ME (4.06-5.28kCal) and SCFA (0.15-0.27). The CoPof the silages was ≥to the unity of one with the exception of T2. It can be concluded that, combinations of 50% cassava leaves and 50% maize stover could be used as feed for ruminants.

Milk yield in Creole goats fed grass/forage tree silage

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 140-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sol ◽  
FJ Solorio-Sanchéz ◽  
CA Sandoval-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Quality Of Milk

In tropical smallholding, goats are a common source of milk either for sale of self-consumption. Concentrates are commonly use to support milk production during the dry season where many trees shed their leaves and are no longer available for feeding. Silage making might be an adequate technology for using forage trees as quality supplements along the year. Few studies have been conducted with forage tree silages to evaluate the resultant animal performance especially regarding milk production. The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate milk production and quality of milk of goats fed grass and supplemented with grains or forage tree silage.

Continuity of care for children in the ‘too hard’ basket: a literature review of care needs in the health system

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Cas O'Neill ◽  
Julie Contole ◽  
Robyne Schwarz ◽  
Doug Bryan ◽  
Christine Minogue
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Set Up

The following review of literature arose from Project Partnership, an initiative of the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, which was set up to identify systemic and organisational changes which could improve continuity and quality of care for children with long-term and complex health care needs. This article examines research findings and other literature relevant to the experience of families whose children have complex health care needs; the experience of hospital based, health care professionals who care for this group of children; and the complexities of undertaking collaborative research in a large health bureaucracy.

Building research capacity and capabilities in Fiji: are we there yet?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
Jyotishna Mudaliar ◽  
Bridget Kool ◽  
Janice Natasha ◽  
Judith McCool
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Research Skills ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Access And Quality ◽  
The University ◽  
Local Investigator ◽  
Research Capacity Development

Introduction: A barrier to local investigator-led research in low income settings, is the limited availability of personnel with appropriate research skills or qualifications to conduct the type of research required for evidence-informed policy making to improve access and quality of health care. In response to this, Fiji National University’s College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences in Fiji, collaborated with academics based at the University of Auckland, New Zealand to deliver a series of research capacity development workshops in Fiji. Methods: Participants who attended any of the nine workshops (n=123) were contacted via email to take part in a brief survey regarding their perceptions of the effectiveness of the research capacity building workshops. Of the possible 123 participants, 80% (n=76) completed the questionnaire.  Results: Findings demonstrate that the majority of participants reported that they had gained research skills from the workshops (75%) including proposal development skills (68%) and knowledge of appropriate research methods (59%). Furthermore, 70% agreed that the workshops built their research confidence.  Since attending a workshop, 18% of respondents had successfully applied and received funding for research grants and/or fellowships.  Barriers to conduct research included workload (75%), lack of research knowledge, experience or skills (51%), and lack of institutional support (41%). Suggestions for future workshops included: more focus on data analysis, regular courses rather than ‘one offs’, and preparation of research findings (e.g. publications). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that research workshops of this nature may increase individual research capabilities but sustained, locally led initiatives, backed by institutional and supplementary technical support are essential.

STUDY OF INACCURACY IN THE OPERATION OF THE MAIN CONTROLLER OF STB MACHINE

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Experimental Data Processing ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Main Regulator ◽  
Transmission Gear ◽  
Selection Of

At production of fabrics, including fabrics for agricultural purpose, an important role is played by the cor-rect adjustment of operation of machine main regulator. The quality of setup of machine main controller is determined by the proper selection of rotation angle of warp beam weaving per one filling thread. In the pro-cess of using the regulator as a result of mistakes in adjustment, wear of transmission gear and backlashes in connections of details there are random changes in threads length. The purpose of the article is the research of property of random errors of basis giving by STB machine regulator. Mistakes can be both negative, and positive. In case of emergence only negative or only positive mistakes operation of the machine becomes im-possible as there will be a consecutive accumulation of mistakes. As a result of experimental data processing for stable process of weaving and the invariable diameter of basis threads winding of threads it is revealed that the random error of giving is set up as linear function of the accidental length having normal distribution. Measurements of accidental deviations in giving of a basis by the main regulator allowed to construct a curve of normal distribution of its actual length for one pass of weft thread. The presented curve of distribution of random errors in giving of a basis is the displaced curve of normal distribution of the accidental sizes. Also we define the density of probability of normal distribution of basis giving errors connected with a margin er-ror operation of the main regulator knowing of which allows to plan ways of their decrease that is important for improvement of quality of the produced fabrics.

The Rotterdam Initiative in Reducing Waste Discharges at Source

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
T. Vellinga ◽  
J. P. J. Nijssen
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Detailed Balance ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
The North ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Action Programme ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Set Up

Much of the material dredged from the port of Rotterdam is contaminated to such a degree that it must be placed in specially constructed sites. The aim of Rotterdam is to ensure that the dredged material will once again be clean. This will entail the thorough cleansing of the sources of the contamination of the sediment in the harbours and in the River Rhine. The Rotterdam Rhine Research Project (RRP) is one of the means to achieve this based on: technical research, legal research, public relations and dialogues with dischargers. The programme for five selected heavy metals is almost complete. For many heavy metal discharge points between Rotterdam and Rheinfelden, a specially devised independent load assessment has been carried out four times. Balance studies were used to determine the relative contributions of the point discharges to the total. Currently the results are being used in an attempt to negotiate agreements with a selected number of the major dischargers. At present, more detailed balance studies are being set up and exploratory measurements carried out for organic micropollutants. It may be concluded that the research is progressing successfully and methods and techniques developed seem satisfactory and broadly applicable. The Rhine Action Programme encompasses an international effort to improve the quality of the Rhine water. Although the RRP plays a modest complementary role to the Rhine Action Plan, there is no doubt of the value of this Rotterdam initiative. The mode of work followed in the RRP contains elements that can be of use in combatting the contamination of the North Sea by rivers other than the Rhine.

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