Extent of availability of major nutrients from selected Cereal Crop Residues to dairy ruminants as an alternative Dry Season Forage in Northern Uganda.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
Nviiri Geofrey ◽  
H. Okello ◽  
P. Nakyewa ◽  
G. A. Maiteki
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Major Nutrient ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Major Nutrients

This work aimed at determining the availability of major nutrients from cereal crop residues (CRs) of maize, rice and sorghum to dairy ruminants in Northern Uganda. The major nutrient composition of the CRs was determined to establish their potential as alternative dry season forage resources for dairy animals. The CRs were selected based on crop economic importance and availability at the on-set of the dry season in randomly selected sub-counties of Lira, Otuke and Kole districts. Five samples of each CR were obtained from 20 farmer’s fields immediately after harvesting of each crop. Chemical analyses measured included Dry matter (DM), Crude protein (CP), Acid detergent fiber (ADF), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Digestible energy (DE), Organic matter digestibility (OM dig), Calcium (Ca), and Phosphorous (P). Fresh maize stover (MSF) had the highest CP (70.5g/kg DM), DE (11.3 MJ/kg DM), and lowest lignifications (49g/kg DM). Rice straw (RS) had a CP (42.1g/kg DM), lowest DE (6.9MJ/kg DM) and OM dig (506 g/kg DM). Dry maize stover (MSD) had the highest lignifications (76.0 g/kg DM) and low OM dig (543 g/kg DM) and sorghum stover (SS) had the lowest CP (40.0 g/kg DM) and a very low DE (7.1MJ/kg DM). The low CP levels and high levels of lignification limit the digestibility of the CR. However, their CF digestibility can be improved using an energy rich by-product, molasses (12.7MJ/kg DM) while the CP limitation due to ligfications can be improved through urea treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of legume type and nitrogen source on milk yield among dairy cows fed maize (Zea mays) stover treated with groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and soybean (Glycine max) stover

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-191
Author(s):  
DM Chisowa ◽  
MT Daura ◽  
EM Syampaku
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Develop Technology ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Set Up

The main objective of the study was to develop technology for improving utilization of abundant quantities of under- utilized crop residues and leguminous plants during the dry season to mitigate effects of dry season on milk yield. The study was set up to test practical ways of upgrading low quality roughage and their effect on milk yield. A 22 factorial experiment within a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) was used. The study involved improving the quality of maize stover using urea fertilizer (UF), chopped groundnut (cGS) and soybean (cSS) stover, mineralized groundnut (mGS) and mineralized soybean (mSS) solution as sources of nitrogen. Research findings revealed superiority of UET over both groundnut and soybean stover in improving the quality of maize stover. Across legume types, groundnut stover had a higher positive effect on improving the quality of maize stover in terms of milk yield. Within legume stover type mGS showed superior milk yield values than cGS. The reverse was true for soybean stover. The study indicated the effect of improving maize stover with cSS on milk yield was higher than that of mSS in improving the quality of maize stover. It was generally observed that the use of mineralization of legume stover in improving the quality of maize stover is more effective than chopping. Pooled result of effect of mineralised groundnut and soybean stover on milk yield was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the chopped forms for the same legume stover. When evaluated across legume type the effect of legume type on milk yield did not differ significantly (p>0.05) for both processing methods.

scholarly journals Haulm Forage Value of Lentil Varieties in Central Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Asemahegn Mersha Hailegiorgis ◽  
Debissa Lemessa
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Natural Pasture

The major livestock feed next to natural pasture in central highlands of Ethiopia is cereal crop residue; however, supplementation with additional nutritional entities is most often recommended.  The present study aims to examine the nutritive value of lentil haulm and how this value varies among the varieties and locations. For this, 80gms of haulm samples of Alemaya, Derash and local lentil varieties were collected with four replications from Bishoftu, Akaki, and Chefe-Donsa from on farm trial sites of Ethiopian institute of agricultural research. To test for the variation in haulm nutritional values among the varieties, two-way ANOVA was employed. The results showed that the interaction of variety and location had significant effect on crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), metabolizable energy (ME) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) (P<0.05). Here, CP content of lentil haulm was higher for a local variety when compared with the two commercial varieties. The haulm yield (4.38t/ha) and haulm dry matter yield (3.97 t DM/ha) were higher for Derash when compared with that of the local variety (P<0.05). Overall, the present finding denoted that although in some cases the lentil haulm nutritional values and yields vary among varieties and were dependent on growing locations, it can be observed to have optimum feeding values to supplement livestock feed with the cereal crop residues in central Ethiopia.

Characteristics of ensiled cassava leaves and maize stover as dry season feed for ruminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-281
Author(s):  
M. O. Ajayi ◽  
E. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Cassava Leaves

Insufficient quantity and quality of feed for ruminants during the dry season is a major limiting factor for effective production and management. Smallholder farmers generate large crop residues in the wet season, which are rich in nutrients in which ruminants can feed on in the dry season by proper ensiling. Cassava Leaves (CL) and Maize Stover (MS) residues were thus ensiled to evaluate their nutritional qualities as feed for ruminants. Fresh cassava leaves and maize stover were collected, chopped and wilted. Silages were prepared as: T1 (100%CL), T2 (100%MS), T3 (50%CL+50%MS), T4 (25%CL+ 75%MS) and T5 (75%CL+25%MS). Ensiling lasted for 21 days after which they were opened to determine the quality using physical assessment of colour, smell, texture, pH and temperature. Chemical composition of the silages comprising Crude Protein-CP, Crude Fibre-CF, Ether Extract-EE, ash content, Acid Detergent Fibre-ADF, Neutral Detergent Fibre-NDF and Acid Detergent Lignin-ADL were assessed. Nutritive values of the diets were evaluated using in vitro fermentation technique to determine Total Gas Production (TGP), methane, Metabolizable Energy (ME), Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) and Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD). Coefficient of Preference (COP) was determined using a cafeteria feeding technique. Olive-green colour, alcoholic smell and firm texture were observed in the silages. The pH ranged from 4.13 to 4.73 while higher pH was observed in 100%CL. The temperature was between 31°C and 32ºC. The values obtained for the DM ranged from 64.37 to 67.9%. The CP values varied between 8.64 and 19.68%. The lowest CP of 8.64% was observed in T2 (100%MS) while 19.68% was obtained in T1 (100%CL). The ash content ranged from 8.65 to 13.00% and the CF value varied from 33.70 to 40.39%. It was observed that 100%MS had significantly (P<0.05) higher CF (40.39%) compared to other treatments. The EE values varied between 4.45 and 5.22%. The EE value in 100%CL (5.22%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to other silage treatments. The NDF, ADF and ADL values varied from 62.70-69.80%, 43.95-47.90% and 22.95-25.80%, respectively and significant differences were observed. The total gas volume ranged from 8.33 to 13.8mL, methane 5.3 to 7.6, OMD (32.72-42.5%), ME (4.06-5.28kCal) and SCFA (0.15-0.27). The CoPof the silages was ≥to the unity of one with the exception of T2. It can be concluded that, combinations of 50% cassava leaves and 50% maize stover could be used as feed for ruminants.

Adoption and Commercialization of Green Corn, Green Corn –Based Silage, Haylage and Ummb Production for Dairy Cattle in Cagayan Valley, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Eva U. Cammayo ◽  
Nilo E. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Dairy Animals

This research aimed to improve dairy production and increase the income of dairy farmers using locally available feed resources. Small-scale milk producers rely heavily on available feed resources in the locality which are either indigenous in the area or introduced species for feed and nutrition of their dairy cattle and buffalos. Their milk output depends mainly on seasonal fluctuations in the quality and quantity of natural forage. Crop residues such as corn stover and rice straw which are high in fiber but low in nutrients serve as a feed supplement and filler to the daily diets of dairy cattle and buffalos. Cagayan Valley is an ear of top corn and rice-producing region. The potential of crop residues as feed supplements or raw materials of dairy cattle/buffalo feed mix is great. But dairy farmers still face the scarcity problem of quality feed resources for dairy animals especially during the dry season. The supply of forage is very low during the dry spell. Inadequate feed mix and low nutritive value of feed mix result in low or no milk production. Producing green corn and ensiling it to produce green corn silage preserves and prolong the storage life of forages. In this way, a stable supply of feed mix for dairy animals is assured year-round. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: adoption and commercialization, dairy industry, financial viability, green-corn silage production, indigenous grasses, smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Crop and Residue Management Improves Productivity and Profitability of Rice–Maize System in Salt-Affected Rainfed Lowlands of East India

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2019
Author(s):  
Sukanta K. Sarangi ◽  
Sudhanshu Singh ◽  
Ashish K. Srivastava ◽  
Madhu Choudhary ◽  
Uttam K. Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Available N ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
N Requirement

This study was conducted over 3 years in a salt-affected coastal rainfed lowland ecosystem. Farmers most commonly grow tall rice varieties in the wet season to cope with flash and/or stagnant floods, leading to large amounts of rice residue production. Most of the land remains fallow during the dry season because of increased salinity and scarcity of freshwater for irrigation. The study aims to provide options for increasing cropping intensity through management of crop residues (CR) and soil salinity, conservation of soil moisture, and reduction in production cost. The rice–maize rotation was assessed with rice as the main plot as (1) puddled transplanted rice (PTR) with CR of both rice and maize removed, (2) PTR and 40% CR of both crops retained, (3) dry direct-seeded rice (DSR) with CR of both crops removed, and (4) DSR with 40% CR of both crops retained. Maize in the dry season was supplied with different N levels as sub-plots—control (0 kg N ha−1), 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha−1. DSR, when combined with CR retention (DSR + R), reduced soil salinity. The increase in rice grain yield with CR retention (observed in second and third years) and crop establishment (higher in DSR versus PTR in the third year) was 16 and 24%, respectively. The cost of production increased by 17% (USD 605 ha−1) in PTR compared with DSR (USD 518 ha−1). CR retention reduced irrigation water requirement by 37% and N requirement by 40 kg ha−1 for hybrid maize. When CR was removed (−R), the N requirement for hybrid maize increased to 160 kg N ha−1 compared to when it was partially (40%) retained, where the requirement was 120 kg ha−1 with similar yields. Available N was highest under DSR + R (314 kg ha−1) and lowest under PTR − R (169 kg ha−1), and it also increased with increasing N application up to 120 kg ha−1 (+R) and 160 kg ha−1 (−R). The results of the study hold promise for increasing cropping intensity and farmers’ incomes, with broader implications for increasing productivity on about 2.95 million hectares currently under a rice–fallow system in eastern India, and in coastal areas affected by similar conditions in South and Southeast Asia.

Production and utilization of crop residues for ruminant feeding in Aliero Lga Of Kebbi State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
M.A. Muftau ◽  
A.A. Kwaido ◽  
M.S. Ayuba ◽  
N. Kadi ◽  
A. Tambuwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Self Production ◽  
Land Size

An investigation of the production and utilization of crop residues for ruminant feeding in five villages within Aliero Local Government Area of Kebbi State was carried out using a structured questioner which was administered to 75 respondents. The data collected was analyzed by using simple statistical tool such as frequency distribution and percentage. The study revealed that 47.95% of the respondents were farmers with more than half (52.41%) had 5-8 members in their family. Mixed farming is common to all the respondents with cereal and legumes crops combination alongside with cattle, sheep, and goats rearing. Some crop residues such as maize stover, rice straw, etc are available all year round since they are generated both at rainy and dry season in the study area. Maize/sorghum/millet stovers and groundnut/cowpea straws plays a major part in ruminant feeding in the study area. The level of cultivation, production and utilization of crop residues as observed in this study depends on the land size, season of production and flock size amongst others. Most of the respondents (39.74%) source their crop residues from self-production and the type of crop residues are those from groundnut/cowpea straws, maize/millet/sorghum stovers and rice straws. The present study revealed the potential of crop residues not only as ruminant feeding but also as a means of livelihood among the respondents. Keywords: Production, Utilization, Crop residues, Livestock.

Optimising crop residue utilization in zimbabwe

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
B Manyuchi ◽  
S Ncube ◽  
T Smith
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Season

Dry season feed for ruminants is characterised by a shortage of energy and protein. Technology for improving the utilization of crop residues may not be available because of shortages of money or inputs. Chemical treatment, supplementation and handling of stovers available in Zimbabwe has been studied.Lambs were allocated to treatment by blocking according to live weight and then randomizing within blacks. Three weeks acclimatisation was followed by intake measurement over 7 days and digestibility over 5 days.

scholarly journals Replacement of soybean meal by soybean in multiple supplements for beef heifers grazing Urochloa decumbens during the dry season

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mageste de Almeida ◽  
Mário Fonseca Paulino ◽  
Marcos Inácio Marcondes ◽  
Luciana Navajas Rennó ◽  
Lívia Vieira de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens

<p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal with soybean in multiple supplements on nutritional parameters, microbial efficiency and productive and reproductive performance of heifers grazing in <em>Urochloa decumbens </em>during the drought period. Were used 39 crossbred heifers of initial age and initial weight of 21 months and 309.5±7 kg, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments with eight replicates, and a control treatment with seven replications. Two treatments had soybean meal as the protein source and two treatments had soybean as the protein source, containing 25% and 40% crude protein. The amount of supplement offered was 1.0 kg/animal/day. The animals of the control group received only mineral salt <em>ad libitum</em>. The supplemented animals had higher average daily gain (ADG) than control animals (P&lt;0.10), and there was no difference in ADG among the supplements (P&gt;0.10). There was an effect of supplementation (P &lt;0.10) on intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), total digestible nutrients (TDN) and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDF). There were no differences (P&gt;0.10) on intake of OM and DM grazing between the supplemented and non-supplemented. Supplementation improved DM digestibility and all constituents of the diet (P&lt;0.10). It was found that the provision of multiple supplements optimizes the performance of heifers grazing during the dry season, and that the substitution of soybean meal by soybean did not improve productive performance of animals.</p>

GM technology: a tool to benefit livestock production

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 247-258
Author(s):  
R.H. Phipps ◽  
A. Cockburn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Gm Technology

The limitations to livestock production are numerous and varied but are applicable to a greater or lesser extent in both developed and developing countries. Crop factors that limit livestock production include inadequate quality (e.g. crop residues such as maize stover) and quantity of feed resources with an inconsistent supply due to extremes of climate (e.g. low rainfall and high temperatures), the presence of anti-nutritional factors and toxins (e.g. trypsin inhibitors, glucosinolates, gossypol, mycotoxins), and deficiencies of specific nutrients (e.g. amino acids and minerals).

Effects of stage of maturity of fermented whole crop wheat on milk production by dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 145-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
R.G. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Two Stages

Previous work conducted with whole crop wheat (WCW) as a forage for dairy cattle has focussed on harvesting the crop at a relatively mature stage and the addition of urea to act as a preservative (e.g. Cammell et al., 1996). Fermented WCW has the potential of being an important complementary forage to grass silage for dairy cows but avoids the addition of large quantities of nitrogen to the crop at ensiling required for urea treatment. However, little work has been conducted to evaluate the effects of stage of maturity of whole crop wheat on subsequent animal performance. The objectives of the current experiment were to examine the effects of stage of maturity of fermented WCW on milk production, liveweight and blood metabolite concentrations of dairy cows.The winter wheat variety Hunter was grown as a conventional cereal crop and cut at two stages of maturity. The first cut (low starch) was when the crop was approximately 300g/kg dry matter (DM) and Zadoks growth stage 71 (watery ripe) and the second (high starch) at approximately 370g/kg DM and growth stage 85 (soft dough).

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