scholarly journals Anti-anaemic potential of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Waltheria indica (L) in albino rats with parasitaemia – induced anaemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
Bala Aminu Yabo ◽  
Adamu Tukur ◽  
Muhammad Imrana Arzika
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Remarkable Improvement ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Rbc Count

Anaemia has been reported to be the key feature of trypanosomiasis and is used as the primary indicator of when to treat the infection. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-anaemic potential of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Waltheria indica in albino rats with parasitaemia – induced anaemia. Three groups of 6 rats each were challenged with Trypanosoma brucei brucei to induce anaemia and treated with 300mg/kg bw orally for 5 days, 3.5mg/kg Berenil® once intraperitoneally and distilled water. All the rats developed anaemia, manifested by significantly reduced values of Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb)concentration and Red Blood Cells (RBC) count within 5 days of infection compared with the pre-infection values. Treatment with Berenil and Waltheria indica hydro-ethanolic extract at 300mg/kg bw led to remarkable improvement in the values of the PCV, Hb and RBC, however, the restoration was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the animals treated with the ethanol extract of the plant. Results of the study also indicated the absence of the effect of both parasitaemia and treatment on the levels of erythrocyte indices (Mean Cell Volume, Mean Cell Haemoglobin and Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration) of the infected rats. Therefore, the plant could be of use in the management of African sleeping sickness and other ailments related to anaemia.

Preclinical Evaluation of the Effect of Antioxidant N­-acetyl-D-Glucosamine on Haematinic Potentials of Lauha Bhasm and Mandura Bhasm

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Khobragade D. S ◽  
Potbhare M. S ◽  
Lote S. B ◽  
Pardeshi K. S ◽  
Wankhede S. B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Phenyl Hydrazine ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Hb Concentration

The effect of antioxidant N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine on haematinic activity of two ayurvedic haematinic preparations Lauha bhasm and mandura bhasm was studied in albino rats. Anaemia was induced by administration of phenyl hydrazine (80 mg/kg for 24 hrs) by intra-peritoneal injection. Changes in body weight, red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), haemoglobin (HB) concentration and haematocrit (HCT) were analysed as indices of anaemia. The mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) which are indicators of macrocytosis were calculated accordingly. Phenyl hydrazine induced a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the blood parameters indicating anaemia and also resulted to significant increase (P<0.05) in the macrocytosis parameter. Combination of bhasm with antioxidant induced a significant (P<0.05) increase in the RBC count, HBG concentration, and HCT% which had been originally decreased by phenylhydrazine administration. The macrocytosis also turned towards normal as the animals recovered from anaemic condition. The results obtained suggested that combination of antioxidant N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine with Lauha bhasm & mandura bhasm shows improved haematinic activity.

scholarly journals Subacute Toxicity Effect of Psidium guajava Leaves Ethanolic Extract on Gaster in Wistar Rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Esti Dyah Utami ◽  
Hanif Nasiatul Baroroh ◽  
Nuryanti Nuryanti
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Test Materials

Psidium guajava leaves have been proven be antiallergic. From the results of previous research, the ethanol extract of leaves is included in the class materials "Practically Non-Toxic." However, repeated administration may cause toxic effects on body organs, one of which was gaster. Subchronic toxicity had been carried out on 20 male Wistar rats and 20 female wistar albino rats. The test materials were administered orally, every day for 28 days. There are 3 (three) doses of test materials which were 250 mg, 500 mg, and 750 mg/kg BW. Observation of the general toxic effect was performed everyday, then organ sampling was performed on day 29 to examined gaster histology and score using Barthel-Manja methods. The result showed that administration of Psidium guajava leaves extract for 28 days caused physical and behavioral changes, caused soft and mucous feces, and also respiratory disorder. But the extract at dose 250 mg, 500 mg and 750 mg/kg BW did not caused changes on gaster histology profile and score. In conclusion, the extract did not have subchronic toxicity effect on gaster rat, but might caused general toxic effect in the higher dose.

Genetic and Environmental Effects on Blood Cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M.D. Dal Colletto ◽  
D.W. Fulker ◽  
O.C. de O. Barretto ◽  
M. Kolya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Twin Analysis ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Red Cell Count

AbstractIn a sample of 105 concordant sex MZ and DZ twin pairs, the following characteristics were measured: red cell count, haemoglobin concentration, package cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, reticulocytes, platelets, white cell count and the six types of leucocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, band and segmented neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. The statistical model employed in the univariate twin analysis allows for three sources of variation: genetic (h2), shared environmental (c2) and specific environmental influences (e2). A genetic component was significant for red cell count, haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin (0.64, 0.60 and 0.46 respectively), with heritable variation suggested for package cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, lymphocytes and monocytes. Shared environmental variation was only present for neutrophils.

scholarly journals Haematological Alterations among Cement Loaders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ransom Baribefii Jacob ◽  
Chinyelu Obianuju Mba ◽  
Patience Deborah Iduh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Healthy Male Subject ◽  
Cement Dust ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Exposure to cement dust without necessary precautions to prevent its inhalation is found to cause respiratory, dermatological, ocular as well as hematological problems and this is a matter of great concern to the health of cement loaders. Aim of Study: This study was aimed at determining haematological alterations among cement loaders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Study Design: Cross sectional study design. Methodology: A total of 100 apparently healthy male subject consisting of 50 cement loaders and 50 non cement loaders aged between the ages of 20- 45years old were recruited for the study. Four millilitres (4 mls) of blood was collected aseptically from the antecubital vein of each participant using standard venepuncture technique into ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulated vacutainer bottles with proper mixing to avoid blood clotting and then analysed using Sysmex haematology autoanalyser. Graphpad prism version 6.2 was used to analyse the data obtained. Results: Results obtained showed a statistically higher value (p<0.05) in platelet count (p=0.0001), lower values (p<0.05) in haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), Mean cell volume (MCV) and Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) (p=0.0001). No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the mean red blood cell (RBC) count value (p=0.3110), white blood cell (WBC) count (p=0.8138) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p=0.0584) respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study has confirmed that there are haematological alterations among cement loaders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria and these alterations are attributed to inhalation of cement dust during work. It is recommended that cement loaders should be mandated to use appropriate personal protective equipment during work hours and around areas where cement dust are generated.

scholarly journals Physiological and bacteriological profile of the fish Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) chronically exposed to different concentrations of municipal waste leachate in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-197
Author(s):  
Olufemi David Owolabi ◽  
Funmilola Janet Abioye ◽  
Patricia Folakemi Omojasola ◽  
Olufunbi Praise Aina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Bacteriological Profile

Introduction: One of the most commonly used methods of waste management is landfilling, which has been a major environmental concern. Objective: To examine the effect of leachate on Clarias gariepinus. Methods: We tested Clarias gariepinus (n=700) with varying concentrations of leachate (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) from the Amoyo dumpsite, Ilorin, Nigeria. After 28-day exposure, haematological, biochemical, bacteriological and histopathological assays were carried out. Results: pH ranged from 7,78 to 13,97; cadmium, iron, lead, manganese and zinc were 178-, 134-, 6248-, 400- and 3-fold, respectively, higher than the regulatory limits for waterbodies, while copper fell within the limits. Values of red blood cell, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly lower than the control. Conversely, white blood cell, neutrophils and eosinophils increased in a concentration-dependent manner. There were tissue-specific differences in the responses of all biochemical parameters investigated except for protein that significantly decreased in all the tissues. veitisiete bacterial isolates classified into seven genera including Bacillus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Escherichia and Micrococcus were recorded from the leachate and selected organs of C. gariepinus. The total bacterial, viable coliform and total counts in the leachate were 4,2×106CFU/mL, 3,8×108CFU/mL, 3,6× 106CFU/mL and 2,7×108CFU/mL, respectively. The highest counts were recorded in the gills (14,2×106CFU/mL) and lowest in the muscle (2,7×106CFU/mL) at the highest and least concentration of the leachate, respectively. Most of the bacteria isolated from the leachate were also recovered from the fish organs. Escherichia coli had the highest frequency of occurrence (26%). Conclusion: This study revealed that toxic constituents of the leachate elicited deleterious changes in the bacteriology and physiology of C. gariepinus.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nephroprotective Potential of Ethanolic Extract Premna Tomentosa (Ept) in Alcohol Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 3099-3103
Author(s):  
Gomathi Priyadharsini T ◽  
Kavimani M ◽  
Sathiya Narayana Murthy S ◽  
Prabhu K ◽  
Arudyuti Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Changes

The nephroprotective prospective of Premna tomentosa extract against Alcohol induced nephrotoxicity in rats was investigated in the present study. The characterization of ethanol extract of Premna tomentosa (EPT) was performed using standard phytochemical analysis. Male albino wistar rats 36 in numbers were divided into 6 groups including control, negative control, positive control and various doses of EPT Treated groups; Nephrotoxicity was induced by alcohol (1ml/100gm b.wt) in animals. Rats intoxicated with Alcohol were fed with 500, 750 mg/kg dose of EPT and Liv 52 (1ml/100gm b.wt) for 60 days. Results show that EPT (500mg/kg b.wt) had a significant effect against alcohol induced nephrotoxicity in rats than EPT (750mg/kg b.wt) in blood parameters and consonantly good histopathological changes in kidney. The deleterious histopathological alterations in kidney associated with glomerular and tubular changes in alcohol intoxicated rats was evident. This result shows Premna tomentosa may be used as supplementary drug for alcoholics.

scholarly journals Some hematological parameters of Wistar rats treated with Chromolaena odorata leave extracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henshaw Uchechi Okoroiwu ◽  
Ifeyinwa Maryann Okafor ◽  
Emmanuel Kufre Uko ◽  
Item Justin Atangwho
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the different extracts of Chromolaena odorata leave on the hematopoietic system of Wistar rats. Solvent extraction was used for the ethanol and aqueous extractions while decoction method was used for the crude extraction. Fifty Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 140-180 g were used for this study. They were divided into ten groups each containing five rats. The animals were fed the extracts by oral gavage once daily for 21 days. Blood sample was collected via cardiac artery. Hematological parameters were analyzed using automation method. The ethanol extract gave the highest extract yield. The aqueous, ethanol and crude extraction had median lethal toxicity (LD50) of 2738.6 mg/kg, 1581.1 mg/kg and 224.7 mg/kg, respectively. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the total white blood cell count was observed in the 75 mg/kg ethanol and 300 mg/kg crude extracts when compared with control group. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the hemoglobin concentration was observed in the 150 mg/kg ethanol extracts when compared with the control group. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the packed cell volume was seen in the 75 mg/kg aqueous, 150 mg/kg aqueous and 75 mg/kg ethanol extracts in respect to the control group. The mean cell volume, the mean platelet volume and platelet large cell ratio of the 75 mg/kg aqueous extract were significantly different (P<0.05) when compared with the control group. The present study showed possible treatment-induced hematopoietic function of C. odorata leave extracts.

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