scholarly journals Haematological Alterations among Cement Loaders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ransom Baribefii Jacob ◽  
Chinyelu Obianuju Mba ◽  
Patience Deborah Iduh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Healthy Male Subject ◽  
Cement Dust ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Exposure to cement dust without necessary precautions to prevent its inhalation is found to cause respiratory, dermatological, ocular as well as hematological problems and this is a matter of great concern to the health of cement loaders. Aim of Study: This study was aimed at determining haematological alterations among cement loaders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Study Design: Cross sectional study design. Methodology: A total of 100 apparently healthy male subject consisting of 50 cement loaders and 50 non cement loaders aged between the ages of 20- 45years old were recruited for the study. Four millilitres (4 mls) of blood was collected aseptically from the antecubital vein of each participant using standard venepuncture technique into ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulated vacutainer bottles with proper mixing to avoid blood clotting and then analysed using Sysmex haematology autoanalyser. Graphpad prism version 6.2 was used to analyse the data obtained. Results: Results obtained showed a statistically higher value (p<0.05) in platelet count (p=0.0001), lower values (p<0.05) in haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), Mean cell volume (MCV) and Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) (p=0.0001). No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the mean red blood cell (RBC) count value (p=0.3110), white blood cell (WBC) count (p=0.8138) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p=0.0584) respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study has confirmed that there are haematological alterations among cement loaders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria and these alterations are attributed to inhalation of cement dust during work. It is recommended that cement loaders should be mandated to use appropriate personal protective equipment during work hours and around areas where cement dust are generated.

scholarly journals Physiological and bacteriological profile of the fish Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) chronically exposed to different concentrations of municipal waste leachate in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-197
Author(s):  
Olufemi David Owolabi ◽  
Funmilola Janet Abioye ◽  
Patricia Folakemi Omojasola ◽  
Olufunbi Praise Aina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Bacteriological Profile

Introduction: One of the most commonly used methods of waste management is landfilling, which has been a major environmental concern. Objective: To examine the effect of leachate on Clarias gariepinus. Methods: We tested Clarias gariepinus (n=700) with varying concentrations of leachate (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) from the Amoyo dumpsite, Ilorin, Nigeria. After 28-day exposure, haematological, biochemical, bacteriological and histopathological assays were carried out. Results: pH ranged from 7,78 to 13,97; cadmium, iron, lead, manganese and zinc were 178-, 134-, 6248-, 400- and 3-fold, respectively, higher than the regulatory limits for waterbodies, while copper fell within the limits. Values of red blood cell, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly lower than the control. Conversely, white blood cell, neutrophils and eosinophils increased in a concentration-dependent manner. There were tissue-specific differences in the responses of all biochemical parameters investigated except for protein that significantly decreased in all the tissues. veitisiete bacterial isolates classified into seven genera including Bacillus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Escherichia and Micrococcus were recorded from the leachate and selected organs of C. gariepinus. The total bacterial, viable coliform and total counts in the leachate were 4,2×106CFU/mL, 3,8×108CFU/mL, 3,6× 106CFU/mL and 2,7×108CFU/mL, respectively. The highest counts were recorded in the gills (14,2×106CFU/mL) and lowest in the muscle (2,7×106CFU/mL) at the highest and least concentration of the leachate, respectively. Most of the bacteria isolated from the leachate were also recovered from the fish organs. Escherichia coli had the highest frequency of occurrence (26%). Conclusion: This study revealed that toxic constituents of the leachate elicited deleterious changes in the bacteriology and physiology of C. gariepinus.

scholarly journals The hematological parameters in clinically normal Iraqi local breed goats

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
AH. H. AL-Hadithy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mean Cell Hemoglobin

     The aim of the present work is to determine the hematological parameters in clinically normal local breed goats. The study was conducted on 130 goats (40 males of them 20 bucks and 20 buck kids and 90 females of them 20 doe kids, 20 dry does, 25 pregnant and 25 lactating does) aged 6 months-4 years in AL-Najaf province-Iraq. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein into EDTA tubes during October 2013 untill February 2014. Results showed that the ranges and means ±SE of blood picture were as follows; packed cell volume (PCV) 26-40% and 31.8±0.32%, Hemoglobin (Hb) 8-14.3g/dL and 10.3±0.13 g/dL, Red blood cell (RBC) 10.6-17×106/μL and 13.3±0.14×106/μL, Mean cell volume (MCV) 18.4-32.5 fL and 23.9±0.14 fL, Mean cell Hemoglobin (MCH) 5.5-8.8 and 7.7±0.05 pg, Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 28.3-36.9 g/dL and  32.4±0.15 g/dL, Erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR) 1-10 mm/ 24h and 4.1±0.14 mm/ 24h, White blood cell count (WBC) 5500-15900/μL and 10732±242/μL, Lymphocyte (L) 2772-10172/μL and 6080±149 /Μl, neutrophils (N) 1863-8680/μL and 4112±121/μL, monocytes 57.0-622/μL and313±11/μL, eosinophil’s 0-918/μL and 222±14/μL, basophils 0±0/μL and 0±0/μL, L/N ratio 0.4-3.8 and 1.5±0.04, respectively. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in PCV, Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC and no difference in ESR,WBC, DLC and L/N ratio between males and females. However, significant (P<0.05) differences in most hematological parameters of sub groups have been recorded. In conclusion the present data recorded the reference values of hematological parameters in clinically healthy local breed goats with a significant difference between males and females as well as in normal subgroups.

scholarly journals Toxicokinetics of Titanium Dioxide (Tio2) Nanoparticles After Intraperitoneal Injection in Male Mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 1555-1564
Author(s):  
Tuqa A. Abdulkareem ◽  
Adel Mashaan Rabee
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Portal Tract ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
Significant Difference

     In the present study, male albino mice were used to estimate the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) suspension used in two doses (150, 600 mg/kg) through intraperitoneal route. The results revealed a significant difference (p≤0.05) among the control and experimental groups in all haematological parameters, including a significant increase in White Blood Cell (W.B.C) count, Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH). Also, the results showed a significant decrease in Red Blood Cell (R.B.C.) count and Haemoglobin (Hb). Biochemical tests included AST and ALT and showed a significant elevation in all exposed groups, while ALP was decreased after fourteen and thirty days of exposure. In the case of kidney function, creatinine was increased in all groups during the experiment, whereas uric acid was increase in many cases and recorded the highest mean value after fourteen days of exposure to the dose of 150mg/kg and after thirty days of exposure to the dose of 600mg/kg. Level of urea was decreased in the fourteen-days and thirty-days treatment groups, while its mean values after using the two doses did not change significantly after one day. Cholesterol level was decreased after thirty days, recording the lowest mean value at 600mg/kg, whereas the level of HDL was significantly (p≤0.05) decreased and that of LDL significantly increased. The study of bioaccumulation demonstrated that the TiO2 NPs are accumulated mainly in the spleen, followed by the liver and kidneys of mice, respectively. Also, the doses used caused histological alterations such as changes in the congested dilated portal tract, with heavy inflammatory cells infiltration and dilated central venule in the liver, along with glomerular congestion, tubular congestion, atrophy, chronic inflammatory cells infiltration, and dilated tubules with flat atrophied lining epithelium in the kidneys. The histologic alterations observed may represent an indication of different degrees of organ injury due to the toxicity of TiO2 NPs, resulting in an inability to deal with accumulated residues from the metabolic and structural disturbances caused by these nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Effect of diets with raw garlic flour on growth performance and blood parameters in rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
M.U. Onyekwere ◽  
P.C. Jiwuba ◽  
U.N. Egu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract. Ninety-six growing New Zealand rabbit bucks (male) and does (female) were randomly assigned to four treatment diets for a period of ninety (90) days. The treatments which contained 0% (T1) control, 5% (T2), 10% (T3) and 15% (T4) raw garlic flour meal were fed to the rabbits in a completely randomized design (CRD) to determine the growth performance, haematology and serum chemistry of the rabbits. The results on growth performance in both sexes showed significant differences (P<0.05) among the treatment groups except for final body weights. T4 recorded the best values in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) for both sexes. Results of hematological parameters (haemoglobin - Hb, Packed Cell Volume - PCV, Red Blood Cell - RBC, White Blood Cell –WBC, Mean Cell Volume - MCV, Mean Cell Haemoglobin - MCH and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration - MCHC) showed significant (p<0.05) difference for all the parameters evaluated except for red blood cells in both sexes. Haemoglobin values for both sexes were higher and better for the treatment groups in comparison with the control. For the serum chemistry (Total serum protein, Albumin, Globulin, Urea, Creatinine and Cholesterol) all the parameters showed significant (p<0.05) difference among the parameters examined except albumin for both sexes. However, globulin was also similar (p>0.05) for the male rabbits. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood cholesterol was recorded in rabbits fed the treatment diets. The study indicated that raw garlic floor could effectively be added to rabbit ration to improve the quality of the feed and the physiological condition of the animals.

scholarly journals Haematological, biochemical and histological characteristics of broiler chickens fed graded levels of dry distilled cassava with soluble

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
O. J. Oyedele ◽  
F. H. A. Ajibogun ◽  
T. A. Otunla ◽  
A. O. Olosunde
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study was carried out to determine the haematological, biochemical and histological characteristics of broiler chickens fed graded levels of Dry Distilled Cassava with Soluble (DDCS). In a 28-day trial, one hundred and forty four (144) 5-week old, mixed Arbor Acre strain broiler chicks (average weight of 1.09±0.02 kg) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments of (0% DDCS, 4% DDCS, 8% DDCS and 12% DDCS) in completely randomized design. Each treatment had 2 replicates of 18 birds each. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Four birds from each treatment were randomly selected and blood sample collected via jugular puncture for haematological and biochemical evaluation at the termination of experiment. The analysis of blood components, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), Mean cell volume (MCV), Mean corpusclar haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) showed no significant (P>0.05) differences among the broilers fed with experimental diets. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in the biochemical analysis of the broilers fed different levels of DDCS. Three birds were randomly selected from each treatment group and slaughtered for carcass evaluation and histological analysis of small intestine, kidney, spleen, liver and large intestine. It was concluded that DDCS can be included in the diets of broilers up to 12% without any deleterious effect on the haematological and serum biochemical characteristics. The feeding of DDCS to poultry at 4, 8, and 12% resulted in liver, kidney, small intestine and large intestine changes.     Cette étude a été réalisée pour déterminer les caractéristiques hématologiques, biochimiques et histologiques des poulets de gril nourris à des niveaux classés de manioc distillé sec avec soluble (DDCS). Au cours d'un essai de 28 jours, cent quarante-quatre (144) poussins mixtes de poulets à griller arbor acre (poids moyen de 1,09±0,02 kg) ont été répartis au hasard à quatre traitements diététiques de (0% DDCS, 4% DDCS, 8% DDCS et 12% DDCS) dans un design complètement randomisé. Chaque traitement avait 2 répliques de 18 oiseaux chacun. L'alimentation et l'eau ont été fournies ad libitum. Quatre oiseaux de chaque traitement ont été choisis au hasard et un échantillon de sang prélevé par perforation jugulaire pour une évaluation hématologique et biochimique à la fin de l'expérience. L'analyse des composants sanguins, des globules rouges (RBC), des globules blancs (WBC),du volume cellulaire emballé (PCV), du volume moyen des cellules (MCV), de la concentration moyenne de corpusclar haemoglobine (MCHC) et de l'hémoglobine à cellules moyennes (HME) n'a montré aucune différence significative (P>0,05) entre les poulets de grillage nourris avec des régimes expérimentaux. Il n'y avait aucune différence significative (P>0,05) dans l'analyse biochimique des poulets de grillage nourris à différents niveaux de DDCS. Trois oiseaux ont été choisis au hasard dans chaque groupe de traitement et abattus pour l'évaluation des carcasses et l'analyse histologique de l'intestin grêle, du rein, de la rate, du foie et du gros intestin. Il a été conclu que le DDCS peut être inclus dans les régimes des poulets de grillage jusqu'à 12% sans aucun effet délétère sur les caractéristiques biochimiques hématologiques et sériques. L'alimentation du DDCS aux volailles à 4, 8 et 12% a entraîné des changements dans le foie, les reins, l'intestin grêle et les gros intestins.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of frequency and intensity of asymptomatic anisocytosis in the Japanese dog breeds Shiba, Akita, and Hokkaido

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
Olga Aniołek ◽  
Agnieszka Barc ◽  
Anna Jarosińska ◽  
Zdzisław Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Preventative Care ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Red Blood Cell Distribution

Microcytosis is observed in healthy Japanese breed dogs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and intensity of asymptomatic anisocytosis using a three-grade scale in Japanese dog breeds with special emphasis on the following indices: mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell distribution width. The retrospective study included analyses of blood morphology and blood smear for clinically healthy Japanese dog breeds Shiba, Akita, and Hokkaido aged from 6 months to 14 years, performed as a part of preventative care. A total of 74 dogs of both sexes were qualified for the study. The group included both neutered and non-neutered animals (Akita – 17 females, 12 males, Shiba – 24 females, 18 males, Hokkaido – 2 females, 1 male). The blood smear revealed significant anisocytosis in 60.8% and mild anisocytosis in 28.4% of the tested dogs – 89.2% in total. Microcytosis was reported for 25.7% of the tested Japanese breed dogs. Reduced mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration were diagnosed in 75.7% and 40.5% of dogs, respectively. Red blood cell distribution width as an anisocytosis indicator exceeded the norm in 12% of the tested dogs. Compared to mixed breed dogs, the Japanese breeds had a reduced mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin concentration and significant anisocytosis in the blood smear as well as a higher red blood cell distribution width indicator. Veterinarians should consider these differences when interpreting the results of morphological blood tests.

scholarly journals Confounding influences of malnutrition and Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma haematobium infections on haematological parameters in school children in Muyuka, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele ◽  
Ofon Vitalis Otia ◽  
Lorraine Francis ◽  
Orelien Sylvain Mtopi Bopda ◽  
Calvin Bisong Ebai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution Width

Abstract Background School-aged children (SAC) are a high-risk demographic group for infectious diseases and malnutrition. The objective of this study was to assess the burden and the effect of Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma haematobium infections on the haematological indices in SAC and the confounding influence of malnutrition on the outcomes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in SAC 4–14 years old living in Ikata, Bafia and Mile 14-Likoko in Muyuka, Cameroon. Anthropometric measures of malnutrition were obtained and blood samples collected were used for detection of malaria parasites by Giemsa-stained blood films using light microscopy and complete blood count analysis using an automated haematology analyser. Urine samples collected were used to detect micro haematuria with the aid of reagent strips and the eggs of S. haematobium by urine filtration technique. Multiple linear regression model was used to examine influence of independent variables on haematological parameters. Results Out of the 606 SAC examined, the prevalence of single infections with Plasmodium or S. haematobium and co-infection with both parasites was 16.2, 16.3 and 8.3%, respectively. Overall, malaria parasite (MP), urogenital schistosomiasis, malnutrition, anaemia, haematuria, microcytosis and thrombocytopenia was prevalent in 24.4, 24.6, 25.9, 74.4, 12.2, 45.4 and 11.1% of SAC, respectively. A significant linear decline (P = 0.023) in prevalence of P. falciparum infection with the severity of stunting was observed. Factors that significantly influenced haematological parameters included haemoglobin: age, stunting and MP; haematocrit: age and MP; white blood cell count: age; red blood cell count; age and MP; lymphocyte counts: stunting; mean cell volume: age; mean cell haemoglobin: age and stunting; mean cell haemoglobin concentration: sex, stunting and red cell distribution width-coefficient of variation: sex, age and stunting. Conclusions Malnutrition, Plasmodium and S. haematobium infections are common while anaemia is a severe public health problem in Muyuka, Cameroon. The interaction between haematological parameters with malaria parasites as well as linear growth index was negative and other interactions indicate systemic inflammation. While findings provide contextual intervention targets to ensure the judicious use of the limited resources, there is need for regular monitoring and proper treatment to improve the health of the underserved population.

scholarly journals Can Haematological Indices Predict Positive Findings at Endoscopy in Anaemic Patients?

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
AMP Schizas ◽  
R Reid ◽  
ML George
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Pathology ◽  
Haematological Indices

INTRODUCTION Patients with anaemia are commonly referred for bidirectional endoscopy. The aim of this study was to determine if any haematological parameters could predict positive findings at endoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 209 patients had bidirectional endoscopies performed for anaemia between September 2002 and March 2004. The endoscopy reports, histology and full blood count results (haemoglobin [Hb], red blood cells [RBCs], packed cell volume [PCV], mean cell volume [MCV] and mean cell haemoglobin [MCH]) were then reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests. RESULTS Overall, 197 patients had successful bidirectional endoscopies with 12 requiring completion barium enema. In 48 (23%) of these patients, a cause of anaemia was found with 15 (7.2%) carcinomas detected (2 upper GI and 13 lower GI). There was a significant difference in haemoglobin (9.2 g/dl versus 10.1 g/dl; P = 0.0044), RBCs (3.56 × 1012/l versus 3.83 × 1012/l; P = 0.0325) and PCV (0.279 l/l versus 0.31 l/l; P = 0.0112) between patients with positive findings at endoscopy and those with a normal investigation. Cancer patients had significantly lower haemoglobin (8.65 g/dl versus 10.1 g/dl; P = 0.0103), RBCs (3.45 × 1012/l versus 3.83 × 1012/l; P = 0.0179) and PCV (0.27 l/l versus 0.31 l/l; P = 0.0298) compared with patients with normal endoscopies. There was no significant difference in the other haematological parameters between those found to have positive findings and those that had normal endoscopies. CONCLUSIONS Based on this study, the yield of bidirectional endoscopy is low, with haemoglobin and PCV being the most useful haematological indices of significant pathology. Ferritin and MCV did not predict the likelihood of finding a gastrointestinal cause for the anaemia.

Hard, soft and off-the-shelf foot orthoses and their effect on the angle of the medial longitudinal arch: A biplane fluoroscopy study

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Balsdon ◽  
Colin Dombroski ◽  
Kristen Bushey ◽  
Thomas R Jenkyn
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skeletal Kinematics ◽  
Dynamic Gait ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Background: Foot orthoses have proven to be effective for conservative management of various pathologies. Pathologies of the lower limb can be caused by abnormal biomechanics such as irregular foot structure and alignment, leading to inadequate support. Objectives: To compare biomechanical effects of different foot orthoses on the medial longitudinal arch during dynamic gait using skeletal kinematics. Study design: This study follows a prospective, cross-sectional study design. Methods: The medial longitudinal arch angle was measured for 12 participants among three groups: pes planus, pes cavus and normal arch. Five conditions were compared: three orthotic devices (hard custom foot orthosis, soft custom foot orthosis and off-the-shelf Barefoot Science©), barefoot and shod. An innovative method, markerless fluoroscopic radiostereometric analysis, was used to measure the medial longitudinal arch angle. Results: Mean medial longitudinal arch angles for both custom foot orthosis conditions were significantly different from the barefoot and shod conditions ( p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the off-the-shelf device and the barefoot or shod conditions ( p > 0.05). In addition, the differences between hard and soft custom foot orthoses were not statistically significant. All foot types showed a medial longitudinal arch angle decrease with both the hard and soft custom foot orthoses. Conclusion: These results suggest that custom foot orthoses can reduce motion of the medial longitudinal arch for a range of foot types during dynamic gait. Level of evidence: Therapeutic study, Level 2. Clinical relevance Custom foot orthoses support and alter the position of the foot during weightbearing. The goal is to eliminate compensation of the foot for a structural deformity or malalignment and redistribute abnormal plantar pressures. By optimizing the position of the foot, the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) will also change and quantifying this change is of interest to clinicians.

Electromyography Activation Levels of the 3 Gluteus Medius Subdivisions During Manual Strength Testing

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
Roald Otten ◽  
Johannes L. Tol ◽  
Per Holmich ◽  
Rodney Whiteley
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hip Internal Rotation

Study Design:Cross-sectional.Context:Gluteus medius (GM) muscle dysfunction is associated with overuse injury. The GM is functionally composed of 3 separate subdivisions: anterior, middle, and posterior. Clinical assessment of the GM subdivisions is relevant to detect strength and activation deficits and guide specific rehabilitation programs. However, the optimal positions for assessing the strength and activation of these subdivisions are unknown.Objective:The first aim was to establish which strength-testing positions produce the highest surface electromyography (sEMG) activation levels of the individual GM subdivisions. The second aim was to evaluate differences in sEMG activation levels between the tested and contralateral (stabilizing) leg.Method:Twenty healthy physically active male subjects participated in this study. Muscle activity using sEMG was recorded for the GM subdivisions in 8 different strength-testing positions and analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.Results:Significant differences between testing positions for all 3 GM subdivisions were found. There were significant differences between the tested and the contralateral anterior and middle GM subdivisions (P < .01). The posterior GM subdivision showed no significant difference (P = .154).Conclusion:Side-lying in neutral and side-lying with hip internal rotation are the 2 positions recommended to evaluate GM function and guide specific GM rehabilitation.

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