scholarly journals Evaluating energy consumption, indoor air quality, and student productivity

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Zulai Jarmai Baba-Girei ◽  
Binta Fatima Yahaya ◽  
Ruth Rakiya Martins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
The World ◽  
Balancing Energy ◽  
A Current

Smart energy conservation research is gaining traction in a variety of industries throughout the world. The current research is projected to cut energy consumption in the construction sector, which has already reached 49% globally and is expected to rise by 2% annually, costing millions of dollars per month. Balancing energy savings with thermal satisfaction is a current difficulty, as most researchers have concentrated on attaining energy savings without reaching the thermal contentment of the occupant, which could pose a health risk to both young and old occupants. To address the problem, we conducted empirical studies with 193 participants in the Northern part of Nigeria, where they were exposed to an indoor temperature of 22°C to determine their thermal environment, choice and comfort votes, viewed and favored control, and overall thermal satisfaction, which will help calculate and define the unused thermal satisfaction thermostat and later.

Typical effects of occupants’ behaviour on indoor air-conditioned environments in the hot summer and cold winter region of China

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X1990064
Author(s):  
Biao Yan ◽  
Xi Meng ◽  
Jinlong Ouyang ◽  
Enshen Long
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Characteristic Temperature ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Door Opening ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the effects of occupants’ behaviour on the thermal environment in air-conditioned rooms. Typical occupants’ behaviours were determined from survey results in the hot summers and cold winters region of China. The temperature setpoint, intermittent operation and door opening were determined as influencing factors in a theoretical model for maintaining thermal comfort with minimal energy consumption. The concepts of the temperature change index and characteristic temperature were introduced to predict the relationship between the indoor thermal environment and occupants’ behaviour. The model was validated with empirical experiments and numerical simulations. The results indicated that continuous opening of doors and windows in air-conditioned rooms would increase the energy consumption that is needed to maintain a desirable indoor thermal environment. The average indoor temperature at 25°C setpoint heating temperature with the door open at 90° was found equal to the average indoor setpoint temperature of 22°C with the door open at 45°. The relative effects of the tested occupants’ behaviours were also evaluated.

scholarly journals Energy-saving potential of intermittent heating system: Influence of composite phase change wall and optimization strategy

2020 ◽  
pp. 014459872096921
Author(s):  
Yanru Li ◽  
Enshen Long ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Xiangyu Dong ◽  
Suo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Intermittent Heating

In the Yangtze River zone of China, the heating operation in buildings is mainly part-time and part-space, which could affect the indoor thermal comfort while making the thermal process of building envelope different. This paper proposed to integrate phase change material (PCM) to building walls to increase the indoor thermal comfort and attenuate the temperature fluctuations during intermittent heating. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of this kind of composite phase change wall (composite-PCW) on the indoor thermal environment and energy consumption of intermittent heating, and further develop an optimization strategy of intermittent heating operation by using EnergyPlus simulation. Results show that the indoor air temperature of the building with the composite-PCW was 2–3°C higher than the building with the reference wall (normal foamed concrete wall) during the heating-off process. Moreover, the indoor air temperature was higher than 18°C and the mean radiation temperature was above 20°C in the first 1 h after stopping heating. Under the optimized operation condition of turning off the heating device 1 h in advance, the heat release process of the composite-PCW to the indoor environment could maintain the indoor thermal environment within the comfortable range effectively. The composite-PCW could decrease 4.74% of the yearly heating energy consumption compared with the reference wall. The optimization described can provide useful information and guidance for the energy saving of intermittently heated buildings.

scholarly journals Study on energy loss and thermal environment through door open while air conditioner running

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06035
Author(s):  
Sihwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Closed State

While air conditioner is running, opening doors and windows is a great way to reduce operating efficiency and undermine the air conditioning system’s ability to bring the indoor to a comfortable temperature. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the heat loss and thermal environment through the door open while air conditioner running. To achieve this goal, using full-scale measurement with the commercial store during the cooling period, the infiltration rate, thermal environment and energy consumption of air conditioners with door opened and door closed state were measured. The measured results show that the infiltration rate at the door opened state was increased by about 21.3 times compared to the door closed state. When the set temperature of the air conditioner was 24 °C, the room temperature in the opening gate cooling was measured to be about 5 °C higher than the closing gate cooling. However, the energy consumption was measured approximately 12 kWh/day and there was no difference with door state. This means that the energy consumption is not increased if the indoor air temperature would not reach the set point temperature of air conditioner.

Effect of Indoor Thermal Environment on Building Energy Consumption

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Kun Cai ◽  
Zheng Dong Chen ◽  
Xue Bin Yang ◽  
Yao Fen Zhang ◽  
Ming Xue Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Neutral Temperature

This study reviews some published literatures to seek the relationship between the parameters of indoor environments and the energy consumption. The indoor thermal environments are categorized and defined as different indices and variables. The building energy can be determined by indoor air temperature, occupant-area ratio and working days. Several parameters of indoor thermal environments such as air velocity, neutral temperature, predicted mean vote, indoor air quality, and set point temperature, are summarized for their influence on the energy consumption. It can be concluded that the increased local air velocity, enhanced neutral temperature, and enlarged set point temperature may be beneficial to reduce the energy consumption.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Increasing of Energy Efficiency in a Small Enterprises - Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Milan Perný ◽  
Vladimír Šály ◽  
Milan Andráš ◽  
Lukáš Valášek ◽  
Juraj Packa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Building Operation ◽  
A Current

Reducing the electricity consumption is a current trend which has an economic, social and environmental impact. Measures which are outlined to increase efficiency are also supported by legislation and could be funded from the national or European funds in EU countries. In Slovakia, there are many establishments, public buildings and households built in past decades where energy is being wasted. Approximately the share one third of the consumed energy in Slovakia belongs to industry. This statistic naturally legitimizes the effort to achieve energy savings in this segment. We choose a body which is in use partially as commercial offices and partially as production facility. The matter was to identify areas with excessive energy consumption and propose appropriate measures to avoid unnecessary losses. The paper presents more aspects of building operation regarding of energy consumption, especially in relation with old buildings with more structural and operational defects and propose some ways of the improvements the energy efficiency. The work also includes experimental data and simplified economy considerations related to the proposed measures. Finally the step model is presented in order to simplify the decision making process. The model is relevant and also applicable generally for the other engineering disciplines.

scholarly journals Occupant behavior and thermal comfort field analysis in typical educational research institution: A case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 785-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolina Pivac ◽  
Sandro Nizetic ◽  
Vlasta Zanki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Occupant Behavior ◽  
Research Institution

An experimental field study has been conducted for typical educational research building facility (office building). The research data was gathered by the systematic monitoring of the offices and adaptive occupant behavior during the typical working day in the spring period. Different sensors and data loggers for temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, had been mounted in order to collect data for analysis of thermal comfort conditions. Moreover, occupant surveys and interviews in form of questionnaire were also brought to examine the psychological and social impacts of the occupants? behavior regarding energy consumption. The inductive scientific method is used for data processing, i. e. descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of the results was made. Based on the analysis of the conducted study, it was found that thermal environment of the observed building is within the standards (i. e. specific parameters are within the range) and that the occupants are generally satisfied with thermal conditions in their offices. However, they do not pay much attention to conserving energy which is an important finding as it is directly related to the energy consumption. Thus, more attention should be directed to the education of the users and in general, to enable energy savings in the future.

The Experimental Study on the Effects of Supply Air Angle on Indoor Thermal Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 584-587
Author(s):  
Ze Qin Liu ◽  
Ge Li ◽  
Yun Su
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Main Activity

Different indoor thermal environment was affected by the different supply air parameters. In this paper, the indoor temperature field and PMV value in the conditions of different supply air angles were studied to explore the influence of indoor thermal environment and human thermal comfort affected by the varied supply air angles. The experimental results showed that the average temperature of indoor air and the temperature gradient of personnel main activity area increased with increasing the supply air angel. In contrast, a relatively comfortable indoor thermal environment could be formed with the supply air angel between 0°to 15°.

scholarly journals Investigation on Energy Consumption of an Olympic Ice Rink and Sports Facility

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Hamdi Sunnetci ◽  
Deniz Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
The World

In these days, people spend 87% of their time indoors. Therefore, buildings are responsible for 36% of the total energy consumption and 40% of the CO2 emissions in the world. Besides, energy expenditures can be reduced, especially through improvements in public buildings used by many people. In this study, an annual energy consumption was conducted for an Olympic ice-skating rink and sports complex in Istanbul with a capacity of 900 spectators, was analyzed. Annual energy consumption of the building was 2 915 032 kWh electrical energy and 157 944 m3 natural gas. It was foreseen that 40 000kWh energy savings can be achieved annually with the evaporative pre-cooling system.

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