scholarly journals Botulinum toxin in neurological clinical practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 019-023
Author(s):  
Nusrat Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Acetyl Choline ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Great Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Cosmetic Dermatology

Botulinum toxin is produced by Clostridium botulini bacteria. It has been increasingly used as a boon in medical practice for chemodenervation in conditions like skeletal muscle spasticity, glandular hypersecretion, neuropathic pain and smooth muscle hyperactivity. The action of Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is by blocking the neurotransmission at the cholinergic nerve endings, by inhibiting the docking and fusion of Acetyl Choline (Ach) vesicles for exocytosis into the synaptic area.Botulinum toxin has been used for management of neurological disorders with great patient satisfaction and appreciation. The effect of botulinum toxin wears off in 3-6 months and may require another dose. Frequent dosing may lead to production of antibodies against BoNT with consequent irresponsiveness to therapy in a few cases. Scrupulous use of botulinum toxin in the hands of experts may help a long way in giving much needed relief and respite to neurological patients and increase their quality of life. Its use in cosmetic dermatology in reducing wrinkles, by relaxing the facial muscles is very popular

Neurological Disorders, Rehabilitation, and Associated Technologies

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Sateesh Reddy Avutu ◽  
Dinesh Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Personal Stress ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Rehabilitation Devices

Patients with neurological disorders are increasing globally due to various factors such as change in lifestyle patterns, professional and personal stress, small nuclear families, etc. Neurological rehabilitation is an area focused by the several research and development organizations and scientists from different disciplines to invent new and advanced rehabilitation devices. This chapter starts with the classification of different neurological disorders and their potential causes. The rehabilitation devices available globally for neurological patients with their underlying associated technologies are explained in the chapter. Towards the end of the chapter, the reader can acquire the fundamental knowledge about the different neurological disorders and the mal-functionality associated with the corresponding organs. The utilization of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning by researchers to fabricate neuro rehabilitation devices to improve patients' quality of life (QOL) are discussed in concluding section of the chapter.

Neurological Disorders, Rehabilitation, and Associated Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1577-1589
Author(s):  
Sateesh Reddy Avutu ◽  
Dinesh Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Personal Stress ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Rehabilitation Devices

Patients with neurological disorders are increasing globally due to various factors such as change in lifestyle patterns, professional and personal stress, small nuclear families, etc. Neurological rehabilitation is an area focused by the several research and development organizations and scientists from different disciplines to invent new and advanced rehabilitation devices. This chapter starts with the classification of different neurological disorders and their potential causes. The rehabilitation devices available globally for neurological patients with their underlying associated technologies are explained in the chapter. Towards the end of the chapter, the reader can acquire the fundamental knowledge about the different neurological disorders and the mal-functionality associated with the corresponding organs. The utilization of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning by researchers to fabricate neuro rehabilitation devices to improve patients' quality of life (QOL) are discussed in concluding section of the chapter.

Musical Anhedonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Sara E. Holm ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Christoph J. Ploner
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Precise Information ◽  
Exact Localization ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Some people, although they are perfectly healthy and happy, cannot enjoy music. These individuals have musical anhedonia, a condition which can be congenital or may occur after focal brain damage. To date, only a few cases of acquired musical anhedonia have been reported in the literature with lesions of the temporo-parietal cortex being particularly important. Even less literature exists on congenital musical anhedonia, in which impaired connectivity of temporal brain regions with the Nucleus accumbens is implicated. Nonetheless, there is no precise information on the prevalence, causes or exact localization of both congenital and acquired musical anhedonia. However, the frequent involvement of temporo-parietal brain regions in neurological disorders such as stroke suggest the possibility of a high prevalence of this disorder, which leads to a considerable reduction in the quality of life.

Intake of Anti-Epileptic Drugs and their Influences on Sexual Dysfunctions

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roheela Yasmeen ◽  
Nida Mobeen ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Khan ◽  
Irfan Aslam ◽  
Samia Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Penile Erection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Epilepsy which is also called seizures disorder is an uncontrolled action of the central nervous system. Itis not a single disease but a set of neurological disorders. Actually in this situation, the brain does notreceive a precise signal and as a result an abnormal condition is produced that is usually involuntary inaction. In this review, we aimed to focus on the relationship of anti-epileptic drugs with sexual dysfunctionand adaptation of better remedies that improve a patient’s family life. Sexual dysfunction is a commoncomorbidity in people with epilepsy which badly affects their quality of life. Sexual dysfunction is causedby different factors like psychiatric problems, anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) and social factors etc. Sexualdysfunctions include ejaculatory failure, lessen libido, penile erection in men and irregular menstrual cyclein women. Common drugs such as Topiramate, Gabapentin (GBP), Valproate (VA), Carbamazepine (CBZ),Olanzapine (OL) and Risperidone (RTG) that are in practice to treat epilepsy usually produced adverseeffect on sexual dysfunction. Even though a lot of studies have been carried out to control sexualdysfunction in epilepsy’s patient, but still research is going on. Medicine such as Cyproheptadine,Mianserin, Buspirone, Yohimbine were found better to treat epilepsy with minimum side effects of sexualdysfunction. Moreover, it is also seen that certain vasodilators, folate , and vitamin supplements areeffective in improving the quality of life.

scholarly journals Quality of life in individuals with cervical dystonia before botulinum toxin injection in a Brazilian tertiary care hospital

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 900-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Ribeiro Queiroz ◽  
Hsin Fen Chien ◽  
Egberto Reis Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sf 36

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate quality of life (QoL) in a Brazilian population of individuals with cervical dystonia (CD) without effect of botulinum toxin (BTx) or with only residual effect of BTx, and identify possible physical and social aspects that affect their QoL. METHOD: Sixty five out of sixty seven consecutive patients with CD were assessed with two instruments: Short-form Health Survey with 36 questions (SF-36) and Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). RESULTS: Severity of CD (TWSTRS) correlated moderately with two SF-36 subscale: role-physical (r= -0.42) and body pain (r= -0.43). Women also scored worse in two subscale of SF-36: vitality (p<0.05) and mental-health (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: Severity of CD and gender (female) were the main factors related to a worse QoL perception. These findings may help health professionals to predict which characteristics could lead to worse QoL, and therefore, better target their interventions to lessen the burden caused by CD.

scholarly journals Advances in the Management of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity in Multiple Sclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gael J. Yonnet ◽  
Anette S. Fjeldstad ◽  
Noel G. Carlson ◽  
John W. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Detrusor Overactivity ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Therapy ◽  
Tract Infections

Bladder dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) can be socially disabling, have negative psychological and economic consequences, and impair patients' quality of life. Knowledge of the functional anatomy and physiology of the urinary tract is essential to understand the symptoms associated with central nervous system lesions and the pharmacotherapies used to treat them. Treatments for neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) have consisted mainly of administration of anticholinergic drugs, which have been shown to provide suboptimal clinical benefits and be poorly tolerated. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of intravesicular botulinum toxin therapy provides a second-line option for MS patients with NDO not responsive to anticholinergic drugs. We performed a review of key literature pertaining to the intravesicular application of botulinum toxin. In the management of NDO, administration of intravesicular botulinum toxin using clean intermittent catheterization decreases the incidence of urinary tract infections, promotes urinary continence, and improves quality of life for 9 months after a single injection; moreover, those benefits are maintained with repeated injections over time.

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