scholarly journals Adsorption and Characterization of Activated Sugarcane Bagasse Using Natrium Hydroxide

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Ade Priyanto ◽  
Malik F ◽  
Muhdarina Muhdarina ◽  
Awaluddin A
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Adsorbate Concentration ◽  
Blue Solution ◽  
Area And Volume

Sugarcane Bagasse can be used as an adsorbent both under natural conditions and modified by chemical activation using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Activation of sugarcane bagasse with NaOH was carried out at variations of 5:1, 10:1, and 20:1 (w/w). The absorption ability of bagasse adsorbent to methylene blue solution was carried out with the parameters of variation of contact time (60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes), adsorbate concentration (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 ppm) and temperature (30, 40, 50, and 60 oC). The adsorbent's characterization included determining the functional groups using FTIR, morphology, and mass of elements using SEM-EDX, and determining the surface area and volume of adsorbent pores using the BET methods. The highest adsorption percentage results were found in the NASB10:1 adsorbent at 99.50%. The optimum conditions for the NASB10:1 adsorbent are with a contact time of 120 minutes, an adsorbate concentration of 50 ppm, and a temperature of 30 oC or 303 K. The NASB10:1 adsorbent has the highest surface area compared to other adsorbents, namely 2.803 m2/g so that it can perform the maximum absorption of methylene blue.

scholarly journals Karakteristik luas permukaan karbon aktif dari ampas tebu dengan aktivasi kimia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Mahmud Sudibandriyo ◽  
L Lydia
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Surface area characterization of activated carbon from sugarcane baggase by chemical activationAdsorption is one the process with many applications in the industries such as in a separation or in gas storage. In this adsorption, adsorbent selection is the most important thing. One of the adsorbent most suitable for this process is activated carbon. Previous studies show that high surface area of activated carbon can be produced from sugarcane bagasse using activator ZnCl2. The research’s goal is to produce activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse and determine the effects of activator on the surface area of activated carbon produced. Activators used in this research are KOH and ZnCl2 with the mass ratio of activator/carbon are 1/1, 2/1 and 3/1. The results show that The highest surface area, 938,2 m2/g, is obtained by activation using KOH with mass ratio of activator/carbon 3/1, whereas the highest surface area by activation using ZnCl2 is 632 m2/g with mass ratio of activator/carbon 2/1. For comparison, preparation of activated carbon by physical activation is also done and the surface area is 293 m2/g.Keywords: Activated carbon, chemical activation, sugarcane bagasse, KOH, ZnCl2 Abstrak Adsorpsi merupakan salah satu proses yang banyak digunakan dalam industri baik dalam pemisahan maupun untuk penyimpanan gas. Pada proses adsorpsi ini, pemilihan adsorben merupakan hal yang sangat penting. Salah satu jenis adsorben yang sangat cocok untuk proses ini adalah karbon aktif. Penelusuran studi sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif dengan luas permukaan yang cukup tinggi dapat dibuat dari ampas tebu dengan menggunakan aktivator ZnCl2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan karbon aktif dari ampas tebu dengan aktivasi kimia serta mengetahui pengaruh aktivator terhadap luas permukaan karbon aktif yang dihasilkan. Aktivator yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah KOH dan ZnCl2 dengan rasio massa aktivator/massa karbon 1/1, 2/1, dan 3/1. Aktivasi dilakukan pada temperatur 700 oC selama 1 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas permukaan tertinggi sebesar 938,2 m2/g diperoleh dengan aktivasi menggunakan KOH dengan rasio massa aktivator/massa arang 3/1, sedangkan aktivasi dengan menggunakan ZnCl2 diperoleh luas permukaan tertinggi sebesar 632 m2/g dengan rasio massa aktivator/massa arang 2/1. Sebagai pembanding, pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan pembuatan karbon aktif dengan metode aktivasi fisika dan diperoleh luas permukaan karbon aktif sebesar 293 m2/g.Kata kunci: Aktivasi kimia, ampas tebu, karbon aktif, KOH, ZnCl2

scholarly journals Process Optimization of High Surface Area Activated Carbon Prepared from Cucumis Melo by H3PO4 Activation for the Removal of Cationic and Anionic Dyes Using Full Factorial Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 12662-12679
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Anionic Dyes ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Full Factorial

In this study, Chemical activation was used to prepare a low-cost activated carbon (AC) from agricultural waste material: Cucumis melo. It was used as a green biosorbent for the removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions (Methylene blue (MB) and Acid orange 7 (AO7)).A full factorial 24 experimental design was used to optimize the preparation conditions. The factors and levels included are activation temperature (300 and 500ºC), activation time (1 and 3 h), H3PO4 concentration (1.5 and 2.5 mol/L), and contact time (60 and 90 min). The surface area of the activated carbons and high removal efficiency of MB and AO7 was chosen as a measure of the optimization. The activated carbon prepared at 500 °C, for 3 hours with an H3PO4 concentration of 2.5 mol/L and a contact time of 90 min, have the largest specific surface area (475 m2/g) and the percentage of discoloration of methylene blue (99.4%). Furthermore, the greater value of AO7 removal (94.20%) was obtained at 3h - activation time, 500°C - activation temperature, 1.5 mol/L - H3PO4 concentration with a 90 min contact time.

Preparation of Activated Carbon of Lignin from Straw Pulping by Chemical Activation Using Potassium Carbonate

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Juan Jin ◽  
Zhi Ming Yu ◽  
Gao Jiang Yan ◽  
Wu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Optimum Conditions

Activated carbons were prepared through chemical activation of lignin from straw pulping precursor using potassium carbonate as the chemical agent. Effects of activated temperature, K2CO3/lignin ratio and the activated time on the yield, Iodine number of activated carbon were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the optimum conditions were as follow: activated temperature 800°C, K3CO3(40% concentration) /lignin ratio 5: l, activated time 50min. These conditions allowed us to obtain a BET surface area of 1104 m2/g, including the external or non-microporous surface of 417 m2/g，Amount of methylene blue adsorption, Iodine number and the yield of activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions were 10.6mL/0.lg,1310 mg/g and 19.75%, respectively.

Preparation and TG/DTG, FT-IR, SEM, BET Surface Area, Iodine Number and Methylene Blue Number Analysis of Activated Carbon from Pistachio Shells by Chemical Activation

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kaya ◽  
Ömer Şahin ◽  
Cafer Saka
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Pistachio Shell

AbstractIn this study, low cost activated carbon was prepared from the pistachio shell by chemical activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The prepared activated carbon was characterized by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal gravimetry (DTG), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area analyses. Results showed that the activation temperature and impregnation ratio have significant effect on the iodine number of the prepared activated carbon. The optimum conditions for preparing the activated carbon having the highest surface area were found to be an activation temperature of 700 °C, soaking time of 24 h and ZnCl2/ pistachio shell ratio of 50 %. The results showed that the BET surface area, total pore volume, iodine number and methylene blue (MB) number of activated carbon prepared under the optimum conditions were 1108 m2/g, 0.39 cm3/g, 1051 mg/g, 98.48 mg/g, respectively.

scholarly journals Synthesis & Characterization of Magnetit (Fe3O4) and Its Applications As Adsorbent Methylene Blue

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Retno Agnestisia
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Coprecipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Adsorption Study ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Blue Solution

Synthesis, characterization and adsorption study of magnetite have beenconducted. Magnetite was synthesized by coprecipitation method. The characterizations of magnetite were carried out with spectroscopy FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and XRD (X-ray diffraction). The adsorption study was conducted using a batch system with the studied adsorption study including optimum pH, optimum contact time and adsorption equilibrium. The results showed that coprecipitation method has succeeded to form magnetite that has magnetism properties. Magnetite can adsorbed methylene blue from aqueous phase, with the maximum adsorption at pH 5 and contact time of 90 minutes.Adsorption of methylene blue by magnetite follows the adsorption pattern of the Langmuir isotherm with the adsorption energy of 25.59 kJ/mol and adsorption capacity of 43.86 mg/g. The results of magnetite synthesis can accelerate the process of separating the adsorbent particles in a methylene blue solution using an external magnetic field.Keywords : magnetite, coprecipitation, adsorption, and methylene blue.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of the Sulfur-Impregnated Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite for Hg(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Marin Ugrina ◽  
Martin Gaberšek ◽  
Aleksandra Daković ◽  
Ivona Nuić
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Liquid

Sulfur-impregnated zeolite has been obtained from the natural zeolite clinoptilolite by chemical modification with Na2S at 150 °C. The purpose of zeolite impregnation was to enhance the sorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. Chemical analysis, acid and basic properties determined by Bohem’s method, chemical behavior at different pHo values, zeta potential, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as thermogravimetry with derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) were used for detailed comparative mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of natural and sulfur-impregnated zeolites. Results revealed that the surface of the natural zeolite was successfully impregnated with sulfur species in the form of FeS and CaS. Chemical modification caused an increase in basicity and the net negative surface charge due to an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups as well as a decrease in specific surface area and crystallinity due to the formation of sulfur-containing clusters at the zeolite surface. The sorption of Hg(II) species onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite was affected by the pH, solid/liquid ratio, initial Hg(II) concentration, and contact time. The optimal sorption conditions were determined as pH 2, a solid/liquid ratio of 10 g/L, and a contact time of 800 min. The maximum obtained sorption capacity of the sulfur-impregnated zeolite toward Hg(II) was 1.02 mmol/g. The sorption mechanism of Hg(II) onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite involves electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation, accompanied by co-precipitation of Hg(II) in the form of HgS. It was found that sulfur-impregnation enhanced the sorption of Hg(II) by 3.6 times compared to the natural zeolite. The leaching test indicated the retention of Hg(II) in the zeolite structure over a wide pH range, making this sulfur-impregnated sorbent a promising material for the remediation of a mercury-polluted environment.

Removal of Methylene Blue and Orange-G from Waste Water Using Magnetic Biochar

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550009 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Mubarak ◽  
Y. T. Fo ◽  
Hikmat Said Al-Salim ◽  
J. N. Sahu ◽  
E. C. Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Adsorption Kinetic ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Biochar ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Orange G ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The study on the removal of methylene blue (MB) and orange-G dyes using magnetic biochar derived from the empty fruit bunch (EFB) was carried out. Process parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, agitation speed and contact time were optimized using Design-Expert Software v.6.0.8. The statistical analysis reveals that the optimum conditions for the maximum adsorption of MB are at pH 2 and pH 10, dosage 1.0 g, and agitation speed and contact time of 125 rpm and 120 min respectively. While for orange-G, at pH 2, dosage 1.0 g, and agitation speed and contact time of 125 rpm and 120 min respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of 31.25 mg/g and 32.36 mg/g for MB and orange-G respectively. The adsorption kinetic for both dyes obeyed pseudo-second order.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Sugarcane Bagasse Based Activated Carbon: Effect of Impregnation Ratio of ZnCl2

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Sahira Joshi ◽  
Bishnu K.C.
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Methylene Blue Number ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Series of activated carbons (ACs) have been prepared from Sugarcane bagasse powder by ZnCl2 activation at various impregnation ratios of ZnCl2 to Sugarcane bagasse powder of 0.25:1, 0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1 by weight. Characteristics of the activated carbons (ACs) were determined by iodine number, methylene blue number, surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction. Iodine number (IN) indicated that, microporosity of the AC were increased with increasing impregnation ratio ZnCl2 to Sugarcane bagasse upto 1:1 then started to decrease. However, mesoporosity as well as surface area was increased progressively. The maximum value of iodine number (868 mg/g) was achieved in the AC prepared at impregnation ratio of ZnCl2 to sugarcane bagasse 1:1. SEM micrographs also show the presence of well developed pores on its surface of AC-1. The broad peaks in the XRD patterns indicated that, all the ACs is amorphous materials. From results, it is concluded that ZnCl2 concentration used in impregnation is effective for development of porosity and surface area of the AC prepared from Sugarcane bagasse.

scholarly journals Microporous activated carbon developed from KOH activated biomass waste: surface mechanistic study of methylene blue dye adsorption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. Jawad ◽  
Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed ◽  
Noor Nazihah Bahrudin ◽  
Nurul Nadiah Mohd Firdaus Hum ◽  
S. N. Surip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Type I ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Bagasse Waste

Abstract In this work, sugarcane bagasse waste (SBW) was used as a lignocellulosic precursor to develop a high surface area activated carbon (AC) by thermal treatment of the SBW impregnated with KOH. This sugarcane bagasse waste activated carbon (SBWAC) was characterized by means of crystallinity, porosity, surface morphology and functional groups availability. The SBWAC exhibited Type I isotherm which corresponds to microporosity with high specific surface area of 709.3 m2/g and 6.6 nm of mean pore diameter. Further application of SBWAC as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal demonstrated that the adsorption process closely followed the pseudo-second order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. On the other hand, thermodynamic study revealed the endothermic nature and spontaneity of MB dye adsorption on SBWAC with high acquired adsorption capacity (136.5 mg/g). The MB dye adsorption onto SBWAC possibly involved electrostatic interaction, H-bonding and π-π interaction. This work demonstrates SBW as a potential lignocellulosic precursor to produce high surface area AC that can potentially remove more cationic dyes from the aqueous environment.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION AND ACTIVATION OF NATURAL ZEOLIT FROM PONOROGO

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Heraldy ◽  
Hisyam SW ◽  
Sulistiyono Sulistiyono
Keyword(s):  
Porous Material ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Mineral Acid ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Acidic Sites

Characterization and activation of Natural Zeolite from Ponorogo (ZAP) have been done to improve the quality of zeolite as porous material. Analysis of mineral composition is done using X-Ray Difraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy and metal analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Characterization of the activated zeolite covered about number of acidic sites, surface area, ratio Si/Al and metal composition (Na, Ca, K and Fe). Activated processes is done using various mineral acid, i.e HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 and HPO4 with each concentration at 1 M and 3 3 hours dipping. The result showed that ZAP has composition Ca-klinoptilolit (43.09 %), gismondin (17.57 %), modernit (4.21 %) and quartz (10.37 %). The most efectif of the acid to activate is HCl and is proved to absorp of Zn in waste water. The effect of chemical activation is increasing the ratio of Si/Al, increasing the surface area and reducing some metal composition.   Keywords: natural zeolite, chemical activation, porous material

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