Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in the Decompensation of Personality Disorder in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020–2021

The aim of the study was to determine the clinical and psychopathological characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in personality disorder (PD) in the comparative age-related aspect during the coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic. Patients and methods: a total of 230 patients (177 males and 53 females) aged 16–25, diagnosed with PD and NSSI behavior manifestations, were studied retrospectively in mental hospital and outpatintly by using clinical-psychopathological method. All patients were divided into two equal groups of 115 people each. Group I was examined in 2017–2019, Group II — in 2020–2021 during the coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic. Results: common features established in both groups were as follows: affective instability, alexithymia, conflict relations with significant others, and current traumatic experience. For a comparative assessment of NSSI in patients of both groups, we used the NSSI typology in adolescent PD, previously developed by the authors. Impulsive, demonstrative, addictive, depersonalizing and self-destructive types of NSSI were recognized as significant for the diagnostic assessment. In the second group of patients, that is, during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, a change in the selected variants of NSSI was found, that is, in borderline and narcissistic PD the impulsive type was replaced by a demonstrative type, and in schizoid and anxious PD it turned into an addictive one. For a comparative assessment of NSSI in patients of both groups, we used the NSSI typology in PD in adolescence, previously developed by the authors. When assessing suicidality in group II, it was revealed that in most types of PD, with a decrease in the number of suicidal attempts, there was a noticeable increase in the incidence of NSSI with demonstrative suicidality, which correlated with the trajectories of the identified variants of NSSI. Conclusions: the study underlined the role of personality pathology in in adolescence in the development of psychopathological disorders with NSSI and their high association with suicidal activity. The modification of various NSSI variants in the context of a coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic may be due to the unique characteristics of the psychotraumatic factor. With the same strength of impact, the multidirectional influence on various personality types and comorbid psychopathological disorders in adolescence should be taken into account, when creating new models of therapeutic and socio-rehabilitation interventions for the adolescent contingent of patients.

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Antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation status in human follicular fluid: age-dependent change

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199421000241 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

H. Debbarh ◽

N. Louanjli ◽

S. Aboulmaouahib ◽

M. Jamil ◽

L. Ahbbas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Follicular Fluid ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Human Follicular Fluid ◽

Age Related ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Scavenging Efficiency

Summary Maternal age is a significant factor influencing in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the major causes of age-related cellular and molecular damage. The purpose of this work was to investigate the correlation between maternal age with intrafollicular antioxidants and OS markers in follicular fluid (FF), and also to determine the OS status in patients of advanced age. This study was a prospective study including 201 women undergoing IVF whose age was between 24 and 45 years old. FF samples were obtained from mature follicles at the time of oocyte retrieval. After treatment of FF, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA) and enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione (GSH) level were evaluated using spectrophotometry. The results indicated that the age cutoff point for increasing the MDA level was fixed at 37 years, allowing the study to be differentiated into two age groups. Group I included patients whose age was less than 37 years, and group II included patients whose age was greater than or equal 37 years. Statistical analysis revealed that MDA and GSH levels and GR activity were significantly higher in group II compared with group I. The SOD and CAT activities were significantly less in group II compared with group I. We concluded that from 37 years old a reproductive ageing was accompanied by a change in the antioxidant pattern in FF that impaired reactive oxygen species scavenging efficiency.

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Histological and Anthropometric Changes in the Aging Nose

Aesthetic Surgery Journal ◽

10.1093/asj/sjy245 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (9) ◽

pp. 943-952 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hesham Aly Helal ◽

Mohamed Abdel Mohsen Ghanem ◽

Ahmed Mohamed Al-Badawy ◽

Mohamed Mammdouh Abdel Haleem ◽

Manal Hassan Mousa

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Surgical Approaches ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cartilage Sample ◽

Nasal Cartilage ◽

Nasal Cartilages ◽

Nasolabial Angle ◽

Age Related ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Abstract Background Rhinoplasty in the elderly requires different surgical approaches due to the morphological and structural changes affecting the nose over time. Objectives In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the age-related cellular and architectural changes of nasal cartilages and soft tissue attachments. Methods This prospective study included 80 patients who underwent rhinoplasty. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to age. Group I included 40 patients ranging in age from 19 to 39 years. Group II included 40 patients aged at least 40 years. Samples from nasal cartilages (upper lateral, lower lateral, and septum) and nasal attachments (interdomal, inter-cartilaginous, and septo-crural) were taken. All specimens were evaluated histologically to detect age-related changes. A modified version of the Mankin grading scale was used to score each nasal cartilage sample. All attachment samples were examined by image analysis for quantitative assessment. The results were correlated to preoperative anthropometric measurements of nasolabial angle and nasal projection. Results Histologically, in group II, the cartilage matrix showed fibrinoid degeneration with a significant decrease in the number of chondrocytes and increased perichondrial fibrosis compared with group I. Attachments in group II showed a lower number of blood vessels and decreased percentage of collagen bundles. Modified Mankin scores were significantly higher in group II, indicating weak cartilages compared with group I. There was negative correlation and significance between projection, nasolabial angle, cartilages, and attachments in study groups. The linear regression model revealed that the lower lateral cartilage is the cartilage that is most affected by the aging process. Conclusions These findings not only enhance our current understanding of the natural changes that occur in the nose during aging but may also affect surgical decision-making when grafting or suturing are considered during rhinoplasty. Level of Evidence: 2

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Functional versus functional and anatomical criteria-guided ranibizumab treatment in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration – results from the randomized, phase IIIb OCTAVE study

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-019-1251-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giovanni Staurenghi ◽

Justus G. Garweg ◽

Bianca S. Gerendas ◽

Wayne Macfadden ◽

Boris Gekkiev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Comparable Group ◽

Link Type ◽

Age Related ◽

Group I ◽

Central Subfield Thickness ◽

Phase Iiib ◽

Group Ii ◽

Ranibizumab Treatment

Abstract Background To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two individualized ranibizumab retreatment schemes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Methods Patients (N = 671) were randomized (1:1) to receive three initial monthly ranibizumab 0.5 mg injections, then retreatment guided by either best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) loss (Group I) or BCVA loss and/or signs of disease activity on optical coherence tomography (OCT; Group II). The study was terminated prematurely and the decision to discontinue the study was made by the sponsor. Efficacy analyses were performed on patients who completed 12 months of the originally planned 24-month study. Safety analyses are presented for all safety analyzable patients. Results Of 671 randomized patients, 305 completed 12 months of the study. For the 12-month completers, baseline mean (standard deviation) BCVA and reading-center evaluated central subfield thickness (CSFT) were comparable [Group I: 60.9 (13.10) letters and 517.7(201.79) μm; Group II: 60.2 (12.21) letters and 515.3 (198.37) μm]. The change from baseline at Month 12 in BCVA was 6.7 (13.48) letters in Group I and 8.3 (13.53) letters in Group II and the change in CSFT was − 161.3 (163.48) μm and − 175.3 (170.45) μm, respectively. The mean number of ranibizumab injections was 8.2 in Group I and 8.4 in Group II. Conclusion Ranibizumab treatment resulted in visual and anatomic gains at 12 months for both retreatment strategies, with a trend in favor of OCT-guided vs BCVA loss guided retreatment. No new safety signals were seen. Trial registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01780935). Registered 31 January 2013.

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Ultrasound compared to Age Related Formulas for prediction of Pediatric Endotracheal Tube Size

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcaa039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

A Abdelghany ◽

N Nasr ◽

S Talaat ◽

M Mansour ◽

T Shabana

Keyword(s):

Endotracheal Tube ◽

Airway Pressure ◽

Ultrasound Measurement ◽

Outer Diameter ◽

Transverse Diameter ◽

Tube Size ◽

Group Iii ◽

Age Related ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Abstract Background In pediatric patients, having proper size of endotracheal tube (ETT) is crucial. The practice of using age-based formulas to calculate the ETT size is easy, practical and commonly used today. However, the incidence of inappropriate tube size is still judicious, hence increasing risk from changing tube such as trauma and aspiration. Recent studies found that measuring the narrowest transverse subglottic diameter may guide the proper tube size Aim This study was aimed to proof that selecting ETT size using ultrasound measurement of subglottic diameter is a reliable method and lead to less frequency of changing tube size than age-based formula especially in older children Materials and Methods 60 children aged between 2 to 12 years, of both genders, American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) I or II physical status scheduled for day case surgery under general endotracheal anesthesia. Children were divided randomly according to age into three groups: group I included children aged between 2 to < 5 years, group II included children aged between 5 to < 9 years, and group III included children aged between 9 to 12 years. In all childern, the size of the ETT was determined according to both ultrasonography and modified cole's formula. The size of the ETT initially inserted was based on ultrasonographic calculation. Ultrasonography is done using high–resolution linear ultrasound probe. The probe was positioned at the anterior aspect of neck in the midline with the head extended and neck flexed (sniffing position). The minimal transverse diameter of the subglottic airway (MTDSA) was estimated at the level of cricoid cartilage at zero cmH2O airway pressure. After measurement of the subglottic diameter, uncuffed ETT with the nearest outer diameter (OD) corresponding to the measured subglottic diameter was selected for intubation. If there was resistance to ETT passage into the trachea, or there was no audible leak when the lungs were inflated to a pressure of 20–30 cm H2O, the tube was exchanged with one that is 0.5 mm smaller. In contrast, the ETT was exchanged for one that is 0.5 mm larger if leaks occurred at an inflation pressure less than 10 cm H2O. Optimal tube size was clinically determined by leakage at airway pressure of 10-20 cmH2O. Results Linear correlation study showed that Ultrasonography was a better predictor for optimal ETT size in pediatrics than Cole's formula for all studied groups especially in older age groups (although both were significant); being 0.669 Vs. 0.613 among group I; 0.955 Vs. 0.808 among group II and 0.863 Vs. 0.707 among group III. Multi-regression analysis showed that both Ultrasonography & Cole's formula were highly sensitive independent predictors that can predict Optimal ETT size in pediatrics (F-Ratio = 524.7, p < 0.001); The prediction formula is: Optimal ETT size ID = -0.091 + 0.814(ID obtained by US) + 0.192(ID obtained by Cole's formula). Conclusion Ultrasound is a safe, reliable, non-invasive tool for selection of appropriately sized endotracheal tube for clinical use. Our study validates the reliability of ultrasound to measure subglottic diameter which avoids intubation related complications of either trauma or inefficient ventilation.

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Comparative Study on the Effect of Adipose tissue derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells versus Metformin on Age-related Structural Changes of the Cerebellum in Albino Rat

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab099.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

M. M Doaa Karem ◽

Soheir K Ahmed ◽

Hanan A Saleh ◽

Ghada Galal Hamam

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Purkinje Cells ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Female Rats ◽

Group Iii ◽

Age Related ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Abstract Introduction Aging is a normal physiological process that affects all organs in the body including the cerebellum. Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug that is used in some age-related diseases. Regenerative medicine using adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) is an emerging promising strategy. Aim to compare between the role of ADMSCs and metformin on the age-related structural changes of the cerebellum in female albino rats. Materials and methods Fifty-five female rats of different ages (4, 12 and 24 months) were included in this study. They were divided into three groups according to their ages: Group I (Adult rats), Group II (Old rats) and Group III (Senile rats). Group II and Group III were subdivided into three subgroups, Subgroup a: rats were left without treatment, Subgroup b: rats were given a single dose of 1X106 ADMSCs via tail vein. Subgroup c: Rats received300 mg/kg metformin/day orally. Rats were sacrificed after four weeks. The cerebellum was collected and processed for H&E, Toluidine blue and immuno-histochemical reaction using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Results Histological examination of the cerebellum of the subgroups IIa and IIIa revealed age-related structural changes in comparison to group I. Purkinje cells appeared distorted with irregular outline. Some Purkinje cells were seen shrunken while others appeared ballooned. Focal loss of Purkinje cells was also noticed. Granular layer contained small widely separated granule cells. GFAP reaction revealed an apparent decrease in number of astrocytes and their processes. The structural changes were more obvious in subgroup IIIa. In ADMSCs treated subgroups (IIbandIIIb); more noticeable improvement of these changes was noticed compared to the corresponding metformin treated subgroups (IIc and IIIc). Conclusion ADMSCs was more effective than metformin in preventing some age-related structural changes of the cerebellum.

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Clonal Changes Are Frequent in Relapsed TEL-AML1+ ALL and Predominate in Young Children.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v104.11.320.320 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 320-320

Author(s):

Renate Panzer-Grümayer ◽

Giovanni Cazzaniga ◽

Vincent van der Velden ◽

Laura del Giudice ◽

Martina Peham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusion Gene ◽

Clonal Selection ◽

Clonal Evolution ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Latency Period ◽

Individual Gene ◽

Age Related ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Abstract The TEL-AML1 fusion gene is present in 25% of childhood B cell precursor ALL and arises generally in utero. Depending on the treatment protocol up to 20% of patients relapse, which represents the highest absolute number of relapses in a genetically well-defined subgroup. As proposed previously, a significant proportion of these relapses seem to derive from a persistent ancestral TEL-AML1+ clone. This notion is based on the observation of different deletions of the non-rearranged TEL allele as well as unrelated clonotypic Ig/TCR rearrangements at diagnosis and relapse. As an extension of these studies, we analyzed the IGH, IGK, TCRD and TCRG gene rearrangements from samples obtained from 41 children with TEL-AML1+ ALL at diagnosis and relapse. Our aim was to determine the development of clonal changes during the course of the diseases and to investigate their potential biological and clinical significance. Based on the immunogenotype at diagnosis and relapse, we divided the patients into two groups. Group I (n=13) consisted of patients with identical Ig/TCR rearrangements, whereas group II (n=28) included those with a change in their immunogenotype. These differences derived either from clonal evolution (32%) or clonal selection (68%) and resulted mainly from losses (0–6, median 5) and/or gains (0–4, median 1) of rearrangements. The number of rearrangements at diagnosis per case also differed (p=0.003) between the two groups (1–5, median 3 in group I; 2–13, median 5 in group II). With regard to individual gene loci, we observed the highest frequency of rearrangements at the IGH (86%) and TCRD (68%) loci in group II at diagnosis, whereas at the corresponding relapses it was only 79% at IGH and 39% at TCRD (p=0.004). The incidence of IGK and TCRG rearrangements was equally high at both occasions (86% and 93%, respectively). The incidence of rearranged loci in group I, on the other hand, concurred with that of the relapse samples of group II. Of special interest is also the fact that the patients of group I were older at diagnosis than those of group II (4.9 versus 3.1 yrs), which is in accordance with our earlier report on age-related variations of Ig/TCR rearrangements. We thus conclude that i) changes in the immunogenotype take place in the majority of children with relapses of a TEL-AML1+ ALL, ii) children with a change in their immunogenotype are younger at initial diagnosis than those with a conserved immunogenotype and iii) there is no association between the immunogenotype patterns and the duration of first remission. We therefore propose that the greater clonal diversity in younger children mirrors the result of a high recombinatorial activity, while the restricted repertoire in older children reflects end-stage patterns due to ongoing recombination/deletion and selection processes during their prolonged latency period. Finally, the likelihood of stability of the various rearrangements (IGK 81%, TCRG 70%, IGH 62% and TCRD 47%) can be used as a hierarchical guideline for MRD studies.

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Effects of nitroglycerin on forearm haemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0740433 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 433-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Isabel Jiron ◽

Samuel S. Lee ◽

Raimondo Cerini ◽

Domenico Pugliese ◽

Antoine Hadengue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Forearm Blood Flow ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Venous Occlusion ◽

Group Iii ◽

Dilatory Response ◽

Age Related ◽

Group I ◽

Venous Distensibility ◽

Group Ii

1. Basal forearm haemodynamics were studied by venous occlusion plethysmography in three groups of subjects: group I, healthy controls, group II, patients with cirrhosis age- and sex-matched with group I, and group III, an older group of patients with cirrhosis. Subsequently, responses to sublingual nitroglycerin were measured in group I and II subjects. 2. Controls responded to nitroglycerin with an increase in venous distensibility; group II patients had higher initial venous distensibility but did not respond to nitroglycerin. No other variables in either group were affected by nitroglycerin. 3. Group II and III patients differed in forearm blood flow and vascular resistance and venous distensibility. A significant inverse correlation was found between age and forearm blood flow (r = −0.57, P < 0.001) in all patients with cirrhosis. 4. We conclude that (a) venous tone is reduced in cirrhosis, possibly as a result of chronic venodilatation; (b) this venodilatation impedes further dilatory response to a small dose of nitroglycerin; (c) cirrhosis is also associated with age-related decreases in peripheral haemodynamics.

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Functional versus functional and anatomical criteria-guided ranibizumab treatment in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration – results from the randomized, phase IIIb OCTAVE study

10.21203/rs.2.9419/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Staurenghi ◽

Justus G. Garweg ◽

Bianca S. Gerendas ◽

Wayne Macfadden ◽

Boris Gekkiev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Comparable Group ◽

Age Related ◽

Group I ◽

Central Subfield Thickness ◽

Phase Iiib ◽

Group Ii ◽

Reading Center ◽

Ranibizumab Treatment

Abstract Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two individualized ranibizumab retreatment schemes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Methods: Patients (N=671) were randomized (1:1) to receive three initial monthly ranibizumab 0.5 mg injections, then retreatment guided by either best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) loss (Group I) or BCVA loss and/or signs of disease activity on optical coherence tomography (OCT; Group II). The study was terminated prematurely and the decision to discontinue the study was made by the sponsor. Efficacy analyses were performed on patients who completed 12 months of the originally planned 24-month study. Safety analyses are presented for all safety analyzable patients. Results: Of 671 randomized patients, 305 completed 12 months of the study. For the 12-month completers, baseline mean (standard deviation) BCVA and reading-center evaluated central subfield thickness (CSFT) were comparable [Group I: 60.9 (13.10) letters and 517.7(201.79) µm; Group II: 60.2 (12.21) letters and 515.3 (198.37) µm]. The change from baseline at Month 12 in BCVA was 6.7 (13.48) letters in Group I and 8.3 (13.53) letters in Group II and the change in CSFT was −161.3 (163.48) µm and −175.3 (170.45) µm, respectively. The mean number of ranibizumab injections was 8.2 in Group I and 8.4 in Group II. Conclusion: Ranibizumab treatment resulted in visual and anatomic gains at 12 months for both retreatment strategies, with a trend in favor of OCT-guided vs BCVA loss guided retreatment. No new safety signals were seen.

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Functional versus functional and anatomical criteria-guided ranibizumab treatment in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration – results from the randomized, phase IIIb OCTAVE study

10.21203/rs.2.9419/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Staurenghi ◽

Justus G. Garweg ◽

Bianca S. Gerendas ◽

Wayne Macfadden ◽

Boris Gekkiev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related ◽

Group I ◽

Phase Iiib ◽

The Mean ◽

Group Ii ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Ranibizumab Treatment

Abstract Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two individualized ranibizumab retreatment schemes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Methods: Patients (N=671) were randomized (1:1) to receive three initial monthly ranibizumab 0.5 mg injections, then retreatment guided by either best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) loss (Group I) or BCVA loss and/or signs of disease activity on optical coherence tomography (OCT; Group II). The study was terminated prematurely, as OCT-guided treatment became standard of care during the study period. Post-hoc efficacy analyses were performed on patients who completed 12 months of the originally planned 24-month study. Safety analyses are presented for all safety analyzable patients. Results: Of 671 randomized patients, 305 completed 12 months. At baseline, the mean (standard deviation) BCVA and reading-center evaluated central subfield thickness (CSFT) were 60.9 (13.10) letters and 517.7(201.79) µm, respectively in Group I and 60.2 (12.21) letters and 515.3 (198.37) µm in Group II. The change from baseline at Month 12 in BCVA was 6.7 (13.48) letters in Group I and 8.3 (13.53) letters in Group II and the change in CSFT was −161.3 (163.48) µm and −175.3 (170.45) µm, respectively. The mean number of injections was 8.2 in Group I and 8.4 in Group II. Conclusion: Ranibizumab treatment resulted in visual and anatomic gains at 12 months for both retreatment strategies, with a trend in favor of OCT-guided vs BCVA loss guided retreatment. No new safety signals were seen.

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AGE RELATED CHANGES IN FREE PLASMA TESTOSTERONE, DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE AND OESTRADIOL

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0800171 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 171-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Karl M. Pirke ◽

Peter Doerr

Keyword(s):

Healthy Adult ◽

Equilibrium Dialysis ◽

Plasma Testosterone ◽

Age Group ◽

Adult Males ◽

Age Related ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Free Plasma ◽

Age Related Changes

ABSTRACT The age related changes on free plasma testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oestradiol (Oe2) were determined in 82 healthy adult males. Forty-six subjects were between 22 and 61 years of age (group I), 36 between 67 and 93 years (group II). The percentage of free, non protein bound hormone was determined by equilibrium dialysis of undiluted plasma against isotonic phosphate buffer at 37°C. Total hormone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. The percentage of free T was 2.24 % (median), 1.65–3.42 (95 percentiles) in group I and 1.65 % (1.24–2.26) in group II. The percentage of free DHT decreased from 1.17 % (0.80–2.03) in group I to 0.83% (0.52–1.55) in group II. The decrease in % free Oe2 was only very small: group I = 2.49% (2.13–2.96), ad group II = 2.31% (1.95–3.17). The fall in free T by 43.3% from 12.2 ng/100 ml (6.74–25.0) in group I to 6.90 ng/ml (3.57–10.6) in group II was twice as high as that of total T, which decreased on an average by 20.6%. Free DHT decreased by 25.8 %: group I = 578 pg/100 ml (266–987), group II = 429 pg/100 ml (168–723), while total DHT was not significantly different between the two groups (–1.9%). Free Oe2 was increased in old age: group I = 42.4 pg/100 ml (26.0–69.4), group II = 55.7 pg/100 ml (35.8–118.9). The increase in free Oe2 by 31.4% was almost as high as that of the total Oe2 (46.9%).

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