scholarly journals Descriptive norms and gender diversity: Reactance from men

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maliheh Paryavi ◽  
Iris Bohnet ◽  
Alexandra Van Geen
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Descriptive Norms ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Norm Compliance ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up

Descriptive norms provide social information on others’ typical behaviors and have been shown to lead to prescriptive outcomes by “nudging” individuals towards norm compliance in numerous settings. This paper examines whether descriptive norms lead to prescriptive outcomes in the gender domain. We examine whether such social information can influence the gender distribution of candidates selected by employers in a hiring context.  We conduct a series of laboratory experiments where ‘employers’ decide how many male and female ‘employees’ they want to hire for male- and female-typed tasks and examine whether employers are more likely to hire more of one gender when informed that others have done so as well. In this set-up descriptive norms do not have prescriptive effects. In fact, descriptive norms do not affect female employers’ hiring decisions at all and lead to norm reactance and backlash from male employers when informed that others have hired more women.

Gender and the underexpression of friendliness in the service context

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Luong
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Double Bind ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Relational Aspect ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe double-bind hypothesis proposes that gender-based stereotypes of emotion expression exist, which effect how males and females are evaluated. Using videotapes depicting transactions between male/female employees and customers, the current study examined whether the double-bind hypothesis occurs within a service context. Participants (N = 141) who viewed a male and female service employee expressing friendly or non-friendly emotion evaluated the employees and rated their sincerity. Results provided partial support for the double-bind hypothesis. When service employees failed to express friendly emotion, the female was more negatively evaluated. However, evaluations and ratings of sincerity were not significantly different when both genders expressed friendly emotion. These findings suggest that employees occupy both work and gender roles, and expectations of each role will influence how their emotional expressions are evaluated. Gender of participants also effected service evaluations. Consistent with prior research, females focus more on the relational aspect of service than do males.

Sex and Gender

2018 ◽  
pp. 54-69
Author(s):  
Ásta
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Copernican Revolution ◽  
Subsequent Chapter ◽  
The Status ◽  
Gender Practices ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

A conferralist interpretation of the status of sex and gender on the post-Beauvoirean feminist picture is offered as well as an interpretation and critique of Judith Butler’s accounts of gender and sex. On the post-Beauvoirean picture sex is biologically given and gender is the cultural meaning of it. Butler offers a reorientation of the relationship between gender and sex, where what counts as sex and a sexed body is determined by gender practices. Male and female are regulative ideals masquerading as biological givens that justify gender practices. The author makes use of the notion of a game, Austinean exercitives, Hegel’s account of subjectification and objectification, and Kant’s Copernican revolution to flesh out the details of her interpretation of Butler before offering her critique of the position, which will set up her own account, offered in the subsequent chapter.

Gender and the underexpression of friendliness in the service context

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Luong
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Double Bind ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Relational Aspect ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe double-bind hypothesis proposes that gender-based stereotypes of emotion expression exist, which effect how males and females are evaluated. Using videotapes depicting transactions between male/female employees and customers, the current study examined whether the double-bind hypothesis occurs within a service context. Participants (N = 141) who viewed a male and female service employee expressing friendly or non-friendly emotion evaluated the employees and rated their sincerity. Results provided partial support for the double-bind hypothesis. When service employees failed to express friendly emotion, the female was more negatively evaluated. However, evaluations and ratings of sincerity were not significantly different when both genders expressed friendly emotion. These findings suggest that employees occupy both work and gender roles, and expectations of each role will influence how their emotional expressions are evaluated. Gender of participants also effected service evaluations. Consistent with prior research, females focus more on the relational aspect of service than do males.

The tangled web: consequences of workplace cyberbullying in adult male and female employees

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-584
Author(s):  
Jennifer Loh ◽  
Robyn Snyman
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Job Outcomes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Potential Resource ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
And Gender

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test a moderated mediation model that links the experience of cyberbullying, perceived stress and job satisfaction among Australian employees. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 254 white collar Australian employees was conducted from a wide variety of business corporations to investigate the role of workplace cyberbullying and job outcomes. A moderated mediation analysis was conducted. Findings Results indicated that workplace cyberbullying resulted in perceived stress, which in turn predicted employee’s job dissatisfaction. The results further revealed that cyberbullied female employees as opposed to male employees were more likely to report greater perceived stress and to be dissatisfied in their job. Research limitations/implications Overall, the results suggest that cyberbullying is a potential resource drain for employees and has detrimental implications in their organisational life. Importantly, male and female employees reacted to workplace cyberbullying differently suggesting the need to address the issue of workplace cyberbullying more gender sensitively. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence that workplace cyberbullying can be a gendered phenomenon. Furthermore, COR theory and gender role theory is combined to reveal the differences between men and women in terms of their vulnerability towards different stressors.

Architects: Gender-Role and Hiring Decisions

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Sloan Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Technical Skill ◽  
The State ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Job Level ◽  
And Gender

To examine architects' judgments of male and female applicants represented by the information in resumes, 204 architects, 156 men and 48 women, licensed in the state of Connecticut participated in a 2(job level) by 2(sex) between-subjects study. Architects were asked how they would rate applicants' potential (including the decision to hire) and gender-role characteristics judged on the basis of one-page resumes. Architects randomly assigned resumes for one of four evaluation conditions (intern or senior architect; male or female), rated the applicant on seven job-related characteristics, e.g., technical skill, potential for advancement, and completed the Bern Sex-role Inventory as they thought items applied to the applicant. Analysis indicated that male architect respondents were more likely to hire male applicants than female applicants as senior architects and that female applicants were judged to be as masculine-typed as were male applicants.

scholarly journals Anterior Tooth Discrepancy in Different Bangladeshi Malocclusion Group at BSMMU

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nazmul Hasan ◽  
Gazi Shamim Hassan ◽  
Tanzila Rafique ◽  
Mohammad Khursheed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Tooth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Type Study ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
Dental Casts

Anterior tooth discrepancy, an important clinical orthodontic tool to manage malocclusions, may vary on different race, ethnicity and gender. Therefore this study on anterior tooth discrepancy of Bangladeshi malocclusion groups were formulated to calculate and set up a standard norm, and to evaluate the gender discrepancy. A cross sectional type study was done among 207 pretreated dental casts (60 male, 147 female) of malocclusion patient at the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, BSMMU, Bangladesh. Bolton anterior ratio were measured and compared statistically (in the Angle’s group of malocclusion). No significant anterior discrepancy was observed between Bangladeshi male and female groups. A similar value for anterior discrepancy was observed in neighboring countries.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(4): 191-194

scholarly journals Descriptive Norms and Gender Diversity: Reactance from Men

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maliheh Paryavi ◽  
Iris Bohnet ◽  
Alexandra van Geen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Descriptive Norms ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Community responses to LGBT+ adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 confinement in Madrid

2021 ◽  
pp. 002087282110447
Author(s):  
R Lucas Platero ◽  
Miguel Ángel López-Sáez
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Transformative Experience ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Feminist Community ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up

A group of 50 people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) as well as diverse sexualities and gender identities in Madrid participated in a feminist community-based project, which supported them through the first wave of the pandemic. Facilitated by professionals, the project offered online meetings twice a month, helping them to articulate their needs and promote their agency over their choices and experiences. Based on their demands, participants chose the topics they wanted to discuss, proposed activities, and were the center of the program, while facilitators set up and maintained the online space, helping with participation and access to information and resources. Through this transformative experience, the members of the group developed friendship networks and started their activism, making public appearances in video campaigns and mainstream newspapers to make their needs visible to peers, families, social workers, policy makers, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). This research is part of a larger project that tackles the psychosocial factors that affected Spanish people with sexual and gender diversity during the first wave of the pandemic.

Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Naturalness in Speakers of Varying Gender Identities

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2054-2069
Author(s):  
Brandon Merritt ◽  
Tessa Bent
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Speech Training ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Speech Naturalness

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate how speech naturalness relates to masculinity–femininity and gender identification (accuracy and reaction time) for cisgender male and female speakers as well as transmasculine and transfeminine speakers. Method Stimuli included spontaneous speech samples from 20 speakers who are transgender (10 transmasculine and 10 transfeminine) and 20 speakers who are cisgender (10 male and 10 female). Fifty-two listeners completed three tasks: a two-alternative forced-choice gender identification task, a speech naturalness rating task, and a masculinity/femininity rating task. Results Transfeminine and transmasculine speakers were rated as significantly less natural sounding than cisgender speakers. Speakers rated as less natural took longer to identify and were identified less accurately in the gender identification task; furthermore, they were rated as less prototypically masculine/feminine. Conclusions Perceptual speech naturalness for both transfeminine and transmasculine speakers is strongly associated with gender cues in spontaneous speech. Training to align a speaker's voice with their gender identity may concurrently improve perceptual speech naturalness. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12543158

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