scholarly journals Pangamanan Pesan Menggunakan Kriptografi Caesar Cipher dan Steganografi EOF pada Citra

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Hermansa H ◽  
Rusydi Umar ◽  
Anton Yudhana
Keyword(s):  
Data Communication ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Encrypted Image

Security in the protection of sending messages is a matter that must be considered, because the more the development of the age, the more sophisticated the technology. So that security in sending messages and data communication should be of more concern. Therefore we need a method or algorithm that can protect the message to be sent to the recipient of the message. The algorithm that can be used in encrypting is Caesar Cipher, as a cryptographic coding technique for messages so that messages that look difficult to read and solve. As for the method of inserting messages on encrypted image media using the End of File (EOF) steganography method, which is the method used directly at the end of the file. In the work of securing techniques of messages on this system, using various sizes of images or images that will be inserted a coded secret message or encryption whose capacity is not much different from the photos or images to be used. The conclusion of this study is that the application of the Caesar Cipher Algorithm can be used as a message security technique even though the algorithm is so simple but the level of security is assisted by the End of File (EOF) method to insert the encryption results from the Caesar Cipher algorithm so that the security level it has is sufficient to protect message information to be safe from eavesdroppers or hackers of the message that is not responsible or as a protection of data held.

scholarly journals Audio steganography based on least significant bits algorithm with 4D grid multi-wing hyper-chaotic system

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Hussein Abdulameer Abdulkadhim ◽  
Jinan Nsaif Shehab
Keyword(s):  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Chaotic System ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Protection Level ◽  
Voice Message ◽  
Least Significant Bits

Although variety in hiding methods used to protect data and information transmitted via channels but still need more robustness and difficulty to improve protection level of the secret messages from hacking or attacking. Moreover, hiding several medias in one media to reduce the transmission time and band of channel is the important task and define as a gain channel. This calls to find other ways to be more complexity in detecting the secret message. Therefore, this paper proposes cryptography/steganography method to hide an audio/voice message (secret message) in two different cover medias: audio and video. This method is use least significant bits (LSB) algorithm combined with 4D grid multi-wing hyper-chaotic (GMWH) system. Shuffling of an audio using key generated by GMWH system and then hiding message using LSB algorithm will provide more difficulty of extracting the original audio by hackers or attackers. According to analyses of obtained results in the receiver using peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR)/mean square error (MSE) and sensitivity of encryption key, the proposed method has more security level and robustness. Finally, this work will provide extra security to the mixture base of crypto-steganographic methods.

Subtractive Gradient Boost Clustering for Mobile Node Authentication in Internet of Things Aware 5G Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1287-1293
Author(s):  
M. P. Haripriya ◽  
P. Venkadesh
Keyword(s):  
Data Communication ◽  
Mobile Node ◽  
Security Level ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Secure Data

The 5G mobile wireless network systems faces a lot of security issues due to the opening of network and its insecurity. The insecure network prone to various attacks and it disrupts secure data communications between legitimate users. Many works have addressed the security problems in 3G and 4G networks in efficient way through authentication and cryptographic techniques. But, the security in 5G networks during data communication was not improved. Subtractive Gradient Boost Clustered Node Authentication (SGBCNA) Method is introduced to perform secure data communication. The subtractive gradient boost clustering technique is applied to authenticate the mobile node as normal nodes and malicious nodes based on the selected features. The designed ensemble clustering model combines the weak learners to make final strong clustering results with minimum loss. Finally, the malicious nodes are eliminated and normal mobile nodes are taken for performing the secured communication in 5G networks. Simulation is carried out on factors such as authentication accuracy, computation overhead and security level with respect to a number of mobile nodes and data packets. The observed outcomes clearly illustrate that the SGBCNA Method efficiently improves node authentication accuracy, security level with minimum overhead than the state-of-the-art-methods.

scholarly journals A NEW AND ADAPTIVE SECURITY MODEL FOR PUBLIC COMMUNICATION BASED ON CORRELATION OF DATA FRAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Haider Tarish Haider ◽  
Dhiaa Halboot Muhsen ◽  
Haider Ismael Shahadib ◽  
Ong Hang See
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Capacity Data

Recent developments in communication and information technologies, plus the emerging of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine to machine (M2M) principles, create the need to protect data from multiple types of attacks. In this paper, a secure and high capacity data communication model is proposed to protect the transmitted data based on identical frames between a secret and cover data. In this model, the cover data does not convey any embedded data (as in normal steganography system) or modify the secret message (as in traditional cryptography techniques). Alternatively, the proposed model sends the positions of the cover frames that are identical with the secret frames to the receiver side in order to recover the secret message. One of the significant advantages of the proposed model is the size of the secret key message which is considerably larger than the cover size, it may be even hundred times larger. Accordingly, the experimental results demonstrate a superior performance in terms of the capacity rate as compared to the traditional steganography techniques. Moreover, it has an advantage in terms of the required bandwidth to send the data or the required memory for saving when compared to the steganography methods, which need a bandwidth or memory up to 3-5 times of the original secret message. Where the length of the secret key (positions of the identical frames) that should be sent to the receiver increases by only 25% from the original secret message. This model is suitable for applications with a high level of security, high capacity rate and less bandwidth of communication or low storage devices.

scholarly journals Crypto-Steganographic Method to Protect Secret Messages

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Mohamad Tariq Barakat ◽  
Rushdi Abu Zneit ◽  
Ziad A. Alqadi
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Private Key ◽  
Message Length ◽  
Digital Color Images

Multiple methods are used to hide secret messages in digital color images, and the most important and most common is the least significant bit (LSB) method. The LSB method is a known and exposed method, and anyone with programming experience can retrieve the secret message embedded in the digital image. In this paper research we will add some enhancements to improve the security level of LSB method to protect the embedded secret message from being hacked. A simple method of secret message cryptography will be used to encrypt the secret message before bedding it using LSB method. The method will be based on using color image as an image_key; this image_key will be resized to generate the needed secret private key used to encrypt-decrypt secret message. The length and the contents of the generated private key will dynamically change depending on the message length and the selected image_key. The selected image_key will be kept in secret without transmission and will be known only by the sender and receiver and it can be changed any time when needed. The proposed crypto_steganographic method will be implemented to show how it will increase the level o secret message protection.

scholarly journals Embedding information into JPEG images with distortion masking in frequency domain

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A. S. Melman ◽  
◽  
P. O. Petrov ◽  
A. A. Shelupanov ◽  
A. V. Aristov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Information Protection ◽  
Quantization Step ◽  
Jpeg Images ◽  
Statistical Steganalysis

Steganography allows to ensure the confidentiality of information by organizing covert data transmission channels. However, the effectiveness of steganographic information protection directly depends on the invisibility of a secret message, both for the human eye and for steganalysis methods. The paper proposes an approach that allows solving the problem of vulnerability of the popular QIM embedding method to statistical steganalysis. For this, it is proposed to use a variable quantization step, which is adaptively selected for each block of the JPEG cover image. The experimental results demonstrate an increase in the security level of steganographic embedding due to the application of the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Text-based Steganography using Huffman Compression and AES Encryption Algorithm

2021 ◽  
pp. 4110-4120
Author(s):  
Rawaa Hamza Ali ◽  
Jamal Mohamed Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Hiding Capacity ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
Text Length ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Aes Encryption Algorithm

In every system of security, to keep important data confidential, we need a high degree of protection. Steganography can be defined as a way of sending confidential texts through a secure medium of communications as well as protecting the information during the process of transmission. Steganography is a technology that is used to protect users' security and privacy. Communication is majorly achieved using a network through SMS, e-mail, and so on. The presented work suggested a technology of text hiding for protecting secret texts with Unicode characters. The similarities of glyphs  provided invisibility and increased the hiding capacity. In conclusion, the proposed method succeeded in securing confidential data and achieving high payload capacity by using the Huffman compression algorithm, which was implemented on an unlimited text length. In addition, this approach has the ability to hide a single bit in every digit or letter in the cover file. Also, the approach meets the cognitive transparency and does not make the modifications apparent on the original data. The method suggested in this work increases the security level through coding a secret message before embedding it within the cover text, with the use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm.

Reversible data hiding method based on pixel expansion and homomorphic encryption

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 2977-2990
Author(s):  
R. Anushiadevi ◽  
Padmapriya Praveenkumar ◽  
John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan ◽  
Rengarajan Amirtharajan
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Data Hiding ◽  
Reversible Data Hiding ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Homomorphic Encryption ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Pixel Expansion ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Encrypted Image ◽  
Location Map

Digital image steganography algorithms usually suffer from a lossy restoration of the cover content after extraction of a secret message. When a cover object and confidential information are both utilised, the reversible property of the cover is inevitable. With this objective, several reversible data hiding (RDH) algorithms are available in the literature. Conversely, because both are diametrically related parameters, existing RDH algorithms focus on either a good embedding capacity (EC) or better stego-image quality. In this paper, a pixel expansion reversible data hiding (PE-RDH) method with a high EC and good stego-image quality are proposed. The proposed PE-RDH method was based on three typical RDH schemes, namely difference expansion, histogram shifting, and pixel value ordering. The PE-RDH method has an average EC of 0.75 bpp, with an average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 30.89 dB. It offers 100% recovery of the original image and confidential hidden messages. To protect secret as well as cover the proposed PE-RDH is also implemented on the encrypted image by using homomorphic encryption. The strength of the proposed method on the encrypted image was verified based on a comparison with several existing methods, and the approach achieved better results than these methods in terms of its EC, location map size and imperceptibility of directly decrypted images.

Multimedia Information Security and Privacy

2011 ◽  
pp. 214-251
Author(s):  
Ming Yang ◽  
Monica Trifas ◽  
Guillermo Francia ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Yongliang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Information Hiding ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Video Encryption ◽  
High Level

Information security has traditionally been ensured with data encryption techniques. Different generic data encryption standards, such as DES, RSA, AES, have been developed. These encryption standards provide high level of security to the encrypted data. However, they are not very efficient in the encryption of multimedia contents due to the large volume of digital image/video data. In order to address this issue, different image/video encryption methodologies have been developed. These methodologies encrypt only the key parameters of image/video data instead of encrypting it as a bitstream. Joint compression-encryption is a very promising direction for image/video encryption. Nowadays, researchers start to utilize information hiding techniques to enhance the security level of data encryption methodologies. Information hiding conceals not only the content of the secret message, but also its very existence. In terms of the amount of data to be embedded, information hiding methodologies can be classified into low bitrate and high bitrate algorithms. In terms of the domain for embedding, they can be classified into spatial domain and transform domain algorithms. In this chapter, the authors have reviewed various data encryption standards, image/video encryption algorithms, and joint compression-encryption methodologies. Besides, the authors have also presented different categories of information hiding methodologies as well as data embedding strategies for digital image/video contents.

Tango Binary Search Tree Based Asymmetric Cryptographic Sensor Node Authentication for Secured Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Antony Cynthia ◽  
V. Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Secure Communication ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Search Tree ◽  
Binary Search ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Binary Search Tree ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Key Generation ◽  
Data Packets

Wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises the group of sensor nodes distributed to sense and monitor the environments and collects the data. Due to the distributed nature of the sensor nodes, security is a major role to access the confidential data and protect the unauthorized access. In order to improve the secure communication, authentication is essential process in WSN. A Tango Binary Search Tree based Schmidt Cryptographic Sensor Node Authentication (TBST-SCSNA) technique is introduced for secured data communication in WSN with higher authentication accuracy. Initially, the trust values for each sensor nodes are calculated for increasing the security in data communication. The sensor nodes in WSN are arranged in tango binary search tree based on the trust value. The nodes in tree are inserted or removed based on their deployment. After that, the Schmidt-Samoa cryptographic technique is applied for node authentication and secure data communication. The cryptographic technique comprises three processes key generation, encryption and decryption. In key generation phase, the public key (i. e., node_ID) are generated and distributed for the sensor nodes and private key is kept secret using Schmidt-Samoa algorithm. The root node is embedded with a key during the deployment and it is controlled the entire the sensor nodes in the path. A Parent node generates the keys for child node based on the ID of parent node. After the key generation, the sender node encrypts the data packet and transmits to receiver node in the tree with the receiver node ID. After that, the receiver node enters their private key and verifies it with already stored key at the time of key generation. If both keys are same, then the node is said to be authentic node. Otherwise, the sensor node is said to be a malicious node. The authentic node only receives the original data packets. This process gets repeated till all the nodes in the path verify their identities and performs the secure communication. Simulation is carried out with different parameters such as authentication accuracy, authentication time and security level with respect to a number of sensor nodes and a number of data packets. The results observed that the TBST-SCSNA technique efficiently improves the node authentication accuracy, security level with minimum time than the state-of-the-art-methods.

scholarly journals Multi-Stage Quantum Secure Direct Communication Using Secure Shared Authentication Key

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1481
Author(s):  
Nur Ziadah Harun ◽  
Zuriati Ahmad Zukarnain ◽  
Zurina Mohd Hanapi ◽  
Idawaty Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Channel ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
Authentication Protocol ◽  
Polarization Angle ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Multi Stage

The security of Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) and its authentication procedure based on multiple stages is analyzed. The security analysis shows that the process of authentication is required to be done three times based on the usage of unitary transformation that is only known between Alice and Bob. In the proposed protocol, a secure quantum handshake is utilized to share the secret polarization angle and an authentication key at the initial stage of authentication over the quantum channel. The symmetry key is used in this work to protect user data communication within the QSDC protocol, where the same secret key is used to encrypt and decrypt the message. This work adopts the information travel time (ITT) by allowing the sender to detect any interference from third parties. In addition, the operation of the Pauli-X quantum gate increases Eve’s difficulty in stealing the information. The information transmitted is then continued by sending photons once in the quantum channel, which improves the efficiency without losing the message’s security. In addition, to securely transfer the stream of messages, the proposed protocol is operated in single-stage, and the authentication is applied bit-by-bit, thus reducing the transmission time. Security checks are carried out along the data transmission process. Compared to previous protocols, this new initial authentication protocol has remarkable advantages since it does not require public communication to pre-share the authentication key and secret angles before the onset of the transmission, therefore, reducing the communication cost. Moreover, the secret authentication key and polarization angles are updated after a number of bits are sent to increase the security level. The verification process is also conducted to ensure the symmetry of the sender and receiver. The analyses presented herein demonstrate that the proposed authentication protocol is simple and secure in order to ensure the legitimacy of the users.

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