scholarly journals Corona Virus (COVID19) Risk Groups: Scrutinizing the Death Cases Reported in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Sangwoo Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Underlying Condition ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Death Cases

Introduction: The outbreak of COVID19 has led to a global health and economic crisis. Although no approved treatment exists to date, vaccine prototypes, antiviral medication, preventive measures, and treatment strategies are studied by scientists and pharmaceutical companies worldwide. The objective of this paper is to examine the COVID19 death cases in South Korea in order to identify the distinct features of the deceased, such as sex, age, underlying medical conditions, which can be targeted when searching for a COVID19 treatment strategy. Material and Methods: Data regarding sex, age, and underlying conditions of the deceased and current cases was obtained from South Korea’s Centers for Disease Control and the Korean Statistical Information Service (data retrieved on May 21, 2020). The data were examined to identify any trends between the parameters using direct statistical analysis. Personal variables of COVID19 patients were studied, such as their sex, age, and preexisting health conditions. The data were analyzed in terms of possible factors leading to COVID19 complications and resulting in patients' deaths.Results: As of May 21, 2020, 11142 confirmed cases and 264 deaths were reported in South Korea. Sex has not had an impact on the death rate, but it directly correlates with age. No deaths were reported for cases of individuals under 30 years old, and only five deaths were reported between the ages of 30 and 50. Additionally, 98.5 % of victims suffered from an underlying condition. The primary underlying condition in deceased cases was related to circulatory system disorders. The results of the statistical analysis were further used to devise a classification of COVID19 risk factors. It consists of three categories ranging from low to high-risk levels. Conclusion: Treatment targeted at patients over 60 years old and with circulatory system disorders can reduce the death rate of COVID19 infected patients in South Korea.

scholarly journals Age and Overweight Are Not Contraindications for a Breast Reconstruction with a TMG-Flap—A Risk and Complication Analysis of a Retrospective Double Center Study Including 300 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Karl Schwaiger ◽  
Laurenz Weitgasser ◽  
Maximilian Mahrhofer ◽  
Kathrin Bachleitner ◽  
Selim Abed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Autologous Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: The transverse myocutaneous gracilis (TMG) flap has become a popular and reliable alternative for autologous breast reconstruction. Initially described as a valuable tissue source for women with low body-mass index, indications nowadays have widely expanded. The Western civilization demographic development with its aging population and the steady growing average BMI has led to increasing breast reconstructions with TMG flaps in overweight and aged individuals. Patients and Methods: A total of 300 TMG free flaps for unilateral autologous breast reconstruction were evaluated in the form of a retrospective double center cohort study. Data extraction, study group formation and statistical analysis (One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s chi-squared statistical analysis and relative risk calculation) were done specifically to evaluate age and BMI as risk factors for postoperative complications and outcome. Results: No significant differences in patients’ age and BMI in the complication groups compared to the no-complication group could be found. No significant difference regarding the occurrence of complications could be found in any of the formed risk-groups. No significant increase of minor-, major- or overall complications, flap loss or revision surgeries were found in the elderly patient groups or for patients with overweight. Conclusion: Age and overweight do not significantly increase the risk for postoperative complications after breast reconstructions with free TMG flaps. The findings of this study support the fact that microsurgical breast reconstruction with a free TMG flap should not solely be reserved for younger patients and females with a lower BMI.

scholarly journals Predicting High-Risk Groups for COVID-19 Anxiety Using AdaBoost and Nomogram: Findings from Nationwide Survey in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9865
Author(s):  
Haewon Byeon
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Subjective Stress ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Key Variables

People living in local communities have become more worried about infection due to the extended pandemic situation and the global resurgence of COVID-19. In this study, the author (1) selected features to be included in the nomogram using AdaBoost, which had an advantage in increasing the classification accuracy of single learners and (2) developed a nomogram for predicting high-risk groups of coronavirus anxiety while considering both prediction performance and interpretability based on this. Among 210,606 adults (95,287 males and 115,319 females) in South Korea, 39,768 people (18.9%) experienced anxiety due to COVID-19. The AdaBoost model confirmed that education level, awareness of neighbors/colleagues’ COVID-19 response, age, gender, and subjective stress were five key variables with high weight in predicting anxiety induced by COVID-19 for adults living in South Korean communities. The developed logistic regression nomogram predicted that the risk of anxiety due to COVID-19 would be 63% for a female older adult who felt a lot of subjective stress, did not attend a middle school, was 70.6 years old, and thought that neighbors and colleagues responded to COVID-19 appropriately (classification accuracy = 0.812, precision = 0.761, recall = 0.812, AUC = 0.688, and F-1 score = 0.740). Prospective or retrospective cohort studies are required to causally identify the characteristics of anxiety disorders targeting high-risk COVID-19 anxiety groups identified in this study.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a 13-m6a related lncRNA prognostic signature for lung adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingfan Wu ◽  
Xiaowen Zhao ◽  
Ling Xue ◽  
Xiaojing Yang ◽  
Yuxiang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Gene Expression Omnibus ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Prognostic Signature ◽  
P53 Signaling ◽  
Selection Operator

Abstract Considerable evidence suggests that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is involved in the regulation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), whichparticipates in the occurrence, development and prognosis of tumorscancerBut the relationship between m6A regulators-related lncRNA (mRlncRNA) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. This study aims to determine a feature based on mRlncRNA for prognostic evaluation of LUAD patients. By integrating the gene expression data of LUAD and normal samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the m6A gene and mRlncRNA with imbalanced expression were screened out. Then we used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to obtain the 13-lncRNA prognostic signature in the TCGA training cohort. Patients were divided into two risk groups based on the risk score of lncRNAs characteristics, and their overall survival (OS) was significantly different. The predictive power of this signature was verified in TCGA testing cohort and entire TCGA cohort. These landmark lncRNAs were involved in several biologiocal processes and pathways related to cell cycle, DNA replication, P53 signaling pathway and mismatch repair. Besides, the high-risk group was low-response to cisplatin, while high-response to mitomycin, docetaxel and immunotherapy. In conclusion, we identified a 13-mRlncRNA model associated with prognosis and treatment sensitivity in LUAD, which may provide clues about the influence of m6A on lncRNA in LUAD and promote the further improvement of LUAD individualized treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Challenges and opportunities to understanding genetics of fungal diseases: towards a functional genomics approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariolina Bruno ◽  
Vasiliki Matzaraki ◽  
Frank L van de Veerdonk ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Mihai G. Netea
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Infectious diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and human pathogens have long been recognized as one of the main sources of evolutionary pressure, resulting in a high variable genetic background in immune-related genes. The study of the genetic contribution to infectious diseases has undergone tremendous advances over the last decades. Here, focusing on genetic predisposition to fungal diseases, we provide an overview of the available approaches for studying human genetic susceptibility to infections, reviewing current methodological and practical limitations. We describe how the classical methods available, such as family-based studies and candidate-gene studies, have contributed to the discovery of crucial susceptibility factors for fungal infections. We will also discuss the contribution of novel unbiased approaches to the field, highlighting their success but also their limitations for the fungal immunology field. Finally, we show how a systems genomics approach can overcome those limitations and can lead to efficient prioritization and identification of genes and pathways with a critical role in susceptibility to fungal diseases. This knowledge will help stratify patients at risk groups and, subsequently, develop early appropriate prophylactic and treatment strategies.

JUSTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR ORGANIZING MEDICAL CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BREST REGION (PART 1)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1234-1238
Author(s):  
N. Pabivantsava ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
High Tech ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Social Effect ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Multi Level

In order to substantiate organizational measures for early detection and tertiary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, the causal relationships of high morbidity, disability, and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease and its complications were studied in the population of the Brest region in the period from 2006 to 2010. Measures to improve the organization of preventive medical examination of patients from cardiovascular risk groups with prognostically unfavorable outcomes were suggested. Through the implementation of an organizational experiment in 2012-2017, it was possible to achieve a positive medical and social effect, expressed in increasing the availability of multi-level and high-tech care to patients in need, as well as in improving the medical and demographic indicators of the Brest region in general and in the diseases of the circulatory system in particular, which formed the basis of the second part of this article.

scholarly journals Multimodal Risk-Adapted Treatment in Surgical Patients With Synovial Sarcoma: A Preoperative Nomogram-Guided Adjuvant Treatment Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziliang Zeng ◽  
Hao Yao ◽  
Dongming Lv ◽  
Qinglin Jin ◽  
Yiying Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Sarcoma ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Discriminatory Ability ◽  
Risk Levels

Background: Synovial sarcoma is characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations, making it difficult to evaluate individual patients' prognoses and design personal treatment schemes. We established an effective preoperative nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) and present a risk-adapted adjuvant treatment strategy in surgical patients with synovial sarcoma.Methods: This retrospective study included patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database who were diagnosed with synovial sarcoma between 1996 and 2015. The patients were randomly divided into training and validation groups. The predictors were selected using univariate and multivariate Cox hazards models. The nomogram performance was verified for its discriminatory ability and calibration. We further stratified the patients into different risk groups according to the nomogram scores and compared the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Results: There were 915 patients enrolled in our study, with 874 patients either alive or dead due to synovial sarcoma. We established a nomogram to predict 5-year CSS based on independent factors, including sex, age, grade, tumor size, location, and extent (all p < 0.05). Our model showed a consistently good discriminatory ability and calibration for predicting 5-year CSS in both the training (c-index = 0.78, 95% CI 0.75–0.81) and validation (c-index = 0.73, 95% CI 0.68–0.78). Based on their nomogram scores, we divided patients into 5 groups. Compared to patients without adjuvant treatment, nomogram I patients with adjuvant treatment had no improvements in 5-year CSS (100.0% vs. 100.0%), nomogram II patients had higher 5-year CSS with radiotherapy or chemotherapy (92.9% vs. 72.2%, p = 0.015), nomogram III patients had higher 5-year CSS with combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy (70.1% vs. 47.2%, p = 0.004), nomogram IV patients had higher 5-year CSS with radiotherapy (41.3% vs. 15.6%, p = 0.015), and nomogram V patients had no improvements in 5-year CSS rates with adjuvant treatment (28.9% vs. 16.9%, p = 0.18).Conclusion: The nomogram showed a satisfactory discriminatory ability and calibration for predicting 5-year CSS in synovial sarcoma patients. Based on this nomogram, we stratified synovial sarcoma patients according to risk levels, which enabled us to provide a useful grouping scheme that can inform multimodal risk-adapted treatment in synovial sarcoma.

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