scholarly journals Selection of the structure of thermal generation in cities of the russian federation when actualizing the heat supply schemes

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
E. A. Kikot ◽  
F. N. Gazizov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Thermal Generation ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City

THE PURPOSE. To analyze the materials of heat supply schemes for large cities of Russia, to consider the impact of an increase in the number of boiler houses in cities when planning the development and modernization of heat supply sources. To develop a methodology for choosing the structure of thermal generation in cities, which is distinguished by the use of an additional criterion for energy efficiency and a system of taken into account restrictions on the energy balances of the region. The weakening of attention to the overall energy efficiency of the aggregates of heat generation sources is shown, an additional reserve for increasing the energy efficiency of heat supply of cities is identified. METHODS. When solving this problem, methods of comparative analysis of the heat supply schemes of large cities of the Russian Federation over the past 7-10 years is used. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, created a methodological base aimed at increasing the energy efficiency of heat supply systems in the city. A criterion is proposed that takes into account the different efficiency of sources and structural effects that are realized when choosing the composition of working heat sources for the prospective of urban development. The basic provisions, the relations used, the features of the developed methodology are given. A conclusion is drawn on the appropriateness and effectiveness of these proposals when testing this method. CONCLUSION. The developed method for choosing the structure of thermal generation was tested in the analysis of schemes of large cities of the Russian Federation. Efficiency on the example of the districts of Nizhny Novgorod ranged from 16.5 million to 180.0 million rubles per year.

scholarly journals MODERN TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF PUBLIC BUSINESS SPACES

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
М. Макарова ◽  
M. Makarova ◽  
Е. Ладик ◽  
Elena Ladik ◽  
С. Киселев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large City ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The City

This article examines the urban public and business subcenters as secondary elements of the city system, the closest in properties to its main center. The criteria defining the public business subcenters are highlighted. The current trends in the formation of social and business subcenters in large cities and megalopolises are considered. Analysis of world experience is produced. Foreign concepts of spatial development are analyzed on the example of several existing urban subcenters. Various available cartographic materials and literature sources have been studied. They cover the development of urban business centers and various aspects of urban development. The methods of spatial formation of the planning structure of urban public business subcenters are highlighted: the cluster and channel. The development stages of urban subcenters from the territory of concentration of small trade and residential establishments to large-scale multifunctional urban planning formations are presented. The prospects for the development of business subcenters in major cities of the Russian Federation are analyzed and trends are identified: social and business polycentrism, disposition of administrative and business centers on the outskirts of cities and the formation of self-organizing business subcenters, mainly based on shopping and entertainment centers in residential areas. Prospects for development of urban subcenter in a large city are considered on the example of the city of Belgorod. Conclusions are drawn on the need to develop new models of urban public business subcenters taking into consideration the modern planning specifics of large cities and megalopolises of the Russian Federation. Models of urban public business subcenters must meet the requirements of polyfunctionality, to have high architectural and town planning qualities, to take into account the needs of population in the design area and to ensure the sustainable development of the urban periphery.

scholarly journals Features of changes in the ecological situation in the Russian Federation and mechanisms for supporting the development of small towns

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Olga Malikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The formation of large urban agglomerations makes possible to ensure more rational use of productive resources and increase labor productivity. Large cities, as a rule, have developed infrastructure and educational sector. However, there is a difficult ecological situation in many large cities. With a large scale of the city, transport accessibility is seriously complicated. From the viewpoint of favorable habitat, good ecological conditions, small and medium-sized cities often benefit from urban agglomerations. In the Russian Federation, due to the dominance of raw materials industries and the underdevelopment of local industry, small and medium-sized cities are in decline. This predetermines the need to develop special measures to support such territorial entities. The study is based on the generalization of data on the change in the ecological situation in large cities and the impact of atmospheric air pollution on the quality of life of the population. In the framework of the study, the conclusion was substantiated about the expediency of carrying out special measures aimed at improving the ecological situation in large cities and developing measures to support small and medium-sized cities. The recommendations for stimulating the development of production in small and medium-sized cities are grounded. The results of the study can find applications in the practice of regional management.

scholarly journals Alternative Options for Modernization of Regional Heat Supply Systems: Environmental and Economic Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415
Author(s):  
Darya Bergen
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Heat Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

At present, environmental pollution by fuel combustion products is one of the key problems in the heat supply sector. It affects the entire population of the Earth. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the necessity of ecological upgrading of thermal power facilities in the Irkutsk region and using a part of municipal solid waste as an alternative fuel at thermal power facilities of the Russian Federation. The research shows that the use of the two kinds of fuel (solid biofuel and alternative fuel) can reduce the anthropogenic load. This measure can be a way of energy efficient disposal of accumulated and annually generated production and consumer waste. The transition to alternative fuels can be most efficiently implemented in boiler houses. This is due to lower capital investments in the modernization of boiler houses as compared to the modernization of thermal power plants. The calculations in the article confirm that the implementation of environmental modernization of regional heat supply systems is not economically beneficial for entrepreneurs. The state should supplement the methods of regulation with targeted co-financing of programs for the modernization of thermal power facilities in order to accelerate the processes of modernization of heat supply in the Russian Federation. At the same time, the recipients of support must comply with the established indicators further on.

scholarly journals Development of approaches for ecologization of water supply in the city

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032025
Author(s):  
A Zheltenkov ◽  
E Vasilyeva ◽  
O Syuzeva
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City

Abstract The objective of this research is to develop recommendations on ecologization of water supply in the city. The authors revealed the main problems, peculiar to intercity systems of water supply and having negative impact on the environment. The negative environmental impacts of water supply problems were systematized. The priority directions of the solution of the matter of ecologization of water supply in the cities were defined. The main of these directions, i.e. the choice of innovative materials for the water supply systems, their advantages and advantages of modern pipes in various specified operating conditions was considered as a debatable question. The results of the conducted research can promote the ecologization of water supply in the cities of the Russian Federation. Some offers on water supply improvement, as well as the reasons expressed as the discussion can be useful during planning repair and replacement of water supply systems, choosing materials and technologies, during justification of ecological-and-economic efficiency of improvements.

Population and regions in the strategy for the country spatial development

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Valery V. Patsiorkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
System Level ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

The article focuses on the analysis of the methodology and content of the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2025. Particular attention is paid to the task set in the Strategy to improve the population settlement system and to reflection of regional issues in it. The orientation of the Strategy on large cities is in conflict with the objectives of the national project «Demography». Pulling the population into large cities makes it difficult to achieve the target indicator «Increase in the total fertility rate to 1.7 per woman by 2024». For the Strategy of spatial development, whose task was proclaimed to improve the system of population settlement, the problem of its reproduction and placement is far from an idle question. Nevertheless, in the Strategy this issue does not go beyond the framework of duty generalizations, which proclaim a differentiated approach to the directions and measures of the State support for the socio-economic development of territories, taking into account the demographic situation, characteristics of the settlement system, level and dynamics of the economic development and specifics of the environmental conditions. And the thesis formulated in the Strategy: «Stabilization of the population in most constituent entities of the Russian Federation», in fact, has no foundation. In 2005-2018 two thirds of the regions (67.1%) were losing their population. Analysis of the place and role in the Strategy of the region taken as an example (Komi Republic) shows that, in comparison with most other subjects of the Federation, quite a lot of attention and place is given to this republic. It is described as a part of the Northern macroregion, the economic specialization of the republic is indicated there, its capital — the city of Syktyvkar is represented among the promising economic centers, a number of municipal entities of the republic are identified as mineral resource centers, and the city of Vorkuta is presented as a part of the priority geostrategic territories of the Arctic zone. And this is quite understandable. The spatial development of the country is primarily oriented to the North and East.

Comparative Analysis of the Budgetary Sufficiency of the Novosibirsk

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
T. V. Sumskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The City

The paper considers a comparative analysis of the structure of budget revenues of the city of Novosibirsk, both among other cities with a population of over one million in the Russian Federation, and among the municipalities of the Novosibirsk region. The structure of city budgets was assessed both from the point of view of their provision with tax and non-tax revenues received directly on the territory, and from the standpoint of dependence on transfers from the higher budget for the period 2011–2018. In addition, the possibility of the use of budget resources to identify the main areas of spending in large cities is analyzed. The fact of essential reduction of budgetary independence of the largest cities in the Russian Federation over the period of analysis considered is revealed.

Energy savings and energy efficiency. Federal law #261 and its actual performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Alexandr Scherenko ◽  
Valery Avanesov ◽  
Irina Kiyan ◽  
Musa Didanov
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
The Russian Federation

More than ten years ago, the Federal law #261 of the Russian Federation was put into effect. The said law established policies in energy savings and energy efficiency for national industries and the residential sector. In this paper, we analyze actual performance and major practical results of this law implementation which are mostly disappointing. The major goals set by the lawmakers were not achieved at this point as far as heat supply is concerned, including power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption. Based on this conclusion, we analyze the reasons and offer some possibly effective solutions.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL STUDIES OF A BIOSPHERE-COMPATIBLE URBAN AREA (RF CONSTITUENT ENTITIES)

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Bakaeva ◽  
I. V. Chernyaeva ◽  
L. V. Chaykovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Urban Function ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Functions

One of the fundamental principles of the concept of biosphere compatibility of urban areas and settlements is the principle of satisfying reasonable needs of their inhabitants through urban area functions. Numerical implementation of this principle is in quantitative assessment of urban functions that makes them measurable, that is, knowing needs of people from different social strata taking into account the time spent for their satisfaction, one can assess the availability and implementability (completeness) of the corresponding urban services. In order to develop criteria to select constituents of urban functions, a connection between needs of an individual included in the Maslow’s hierarchy and urban functions through which they can be satisfied, was found. Using the methodology developed by the authors for assessment of the level of implementation of functions of a biosphere-compatible settlement on the basis of statistically selected urban function constituents, a calculation was made for a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, whose administrative centers are large cities and cities with population of 1 million and over. Numerical studies established the level of implementation of urban functions on the territory of the Russian Federation; the results obtained were analyzed. The results of the research can serve as a basis for the development of proposals and recommendations for reconstruction of urban areas and renovation of urban environment on the basis of the symbiotic relationship between the biosphere and the city, and human development.

The Random Forest Method in Research of Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators of Regional Development on Informal Employment Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
E. V. Zarova ◽  
E. I. Dubravskaya
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Random Forest Method ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The topic of quantitative research on informal employment has a consistently high relevance both in the Russian Federation and in other countries due to its high dependence on cyclicality and crisis stages in economic dynamics of countries with any level of economic development. Developing effective government policy measures to overcome the negative impact of informal employment requires special attention in theoretical and applied research to assessing the factors and conditions of informal employment in the Russian Federation including at the regional level. Such effects of informal employment as a shortfall in taxes, potential losses in production efficiency, and negative social consequences are a concern for the authorities of the federal and regional levels. Development of quantitative indicators to determine the level of informal employment in the regions, taking into account their specifics in the general spatial and economic system of Russia are necessary to overcome these negative effects. The article proposes and tests methods for solving the problem of assessing the impact of hierarchical relationships on macroeconomic factors at the regional level of informal employment in constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Majority of the works on the study of informal employment are based on basic statistical methods of spatial-dynamic analysis, as well as on the now «traditional» methods of cluster and correlation-regression analysis. Without diminishing the merits of these methods, it should be noted that they are somewhat limited in identifying hidden structural connections and interdependencies in such a complex multidimensional phenomenon as informal employment. In order to substantiate the possibility of overcoming these limitations, the article proposes indicators of regional statistics that directly and indirectly characterize informal employment and also presents the possibilities of using the «random forest» method to identify groups of constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have similar macroeconomic factors of informal employment. The novelty of this method in terms of research objectives is that it allows one to assess the impact of macroeconomic indicators of regional development on the level of informal employment, taking into account the implicit, not predetermined by the initial hypotheses, hierarchical relationships of factor indicators. Based on the generalization of the studies presented in the literature, as well as the authors’ statistical calculations using Rosstat data, the authors came to the conclusion about the high importance of macroeconomic parameters of regional development and systemic relationships of macroeconomic indicators in substantiating the differentiation of the informal level across the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

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