scholarly journals Studies on antidiabetic activity of Acacia ferruginea DC. stem bark

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (04) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Jhuma Deb ◽  
Anoop Singh ◽  
Devendra Singh Rathore ◽  
Gouri Kumar Dash ◽  
Nilip Kanti Deb
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

The methanol extract of Acacia ferruginea (Family- Mimosaceae) was studied for possible antidiabetic activity on normoglycaemic, OGTT and alloxan induced diabetic rats at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o. The acute toxicity studies were carried out on Swiss albino mice to determine the LD50 values. The experiments were performed as per OECD guidelines. The results of the normoglycaemic, OGTT and hyperglycaemic studies revealed that the extract exhibited reduction in blood glucose concentration in a dose dependant manner as compared to the standard drug metformin (250 mg/kg, p.o.). The acute toxicity studies revealed no signs of mortality in animals treated with a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Preliminary phytochemical studies of the methanol extract revealed presence of alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, gums and mucilages, proteins and amino acids. The present study justifies the use of the plant for treating diabetes as suggested in folklore remedies.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Studies and Dereplication of the Bioactive Constituents of Anthocleista nobilis G. Don by UHPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Philip F Uzor ◽  
Charles O Nnadi ◽  
Joshua E Ahiabuike ◽  
Helen N Ani
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Traditional Management

Diabetes mellitus remains a global health challenge and herbal medicines are known to be effective and safe for use in its management. Anthocleista nobilis is used in the traditional management of the disorder but this claimed use has not been validated. The present study was designed to establish and hence validate the use of the plant for the management of diabetes and also identify the bioactive phytoconstituents of the plant. The root and stem bark extracts of the plant were investigated for antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The animals were treated orally with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw of both extracts for seven days. The fasting blood glucose concentration (FBGC) of the animals was monitored for seven days with a glucometer. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric (UHPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS) technique was adopted for partial dereplication of secondary metabolites of the plant. The extracts significantly (p < 0.5) reduced the FBGC of the diabetic animals. Nine previously reported compounds in the genus Anthocleista were successfully dereplicated from the plant and identified to be scopoletin (1), anthocleistol (2), sweroside (3), djalonesone (4), fagaramide (5), lanosta-7, 24-dien-3-one (6), 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthene (7), djalonensin (8) and secologanin (9). Numerous other prominent peaks were not identified and could be potential novel compounds. The traditional use of A. nobilis in the management of diabetes has been validated in the present study. The identified as well as the unidentified compounds could provide template for guided isolation of the antidiabetic and other bioactive constituents of the plant.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(1): 19-28, 2018 (June)

scholarly journals Pharmacological potential of methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale stem bark on alloxan-induced diabetic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2440-2454
Author(s):  
D. A. Omoboyowa ◽  
F. O. Afolabi ◽  
T. C. Aribigbola
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Β Cells

Background: The anti-hyperglycemic potential of methanol stem bark extract of Anacardium occidentale (MSBEAO) was investigated using an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Alloxan administration induces the generation of free radicals which can affect antioxidant status resulting in the disruption of the β-cells of the pancreas. Therefore, this study examines the antioxidant potential of the plant extract and the ameliorating effect on the pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate. MSBEAO, at a concentration of 100 or 200 mg/kg b.w. was orally administered to alloxan-induced diabetic rats and normal rats. The hypoglycemic effect, oral glucose tolerance test, and biochemical assay of alloxan-induced diabetic rats were assayed using standard procedures. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and phenols at moderate concentrations. The lethality dose (LD50) of the plant extract was found to be equal to or less than 5000 mg/kg b.w. The hypoglycemic effect of the extract on the non-diabetic rats revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the blood glucose concentration of animals administered with 1 g/kg b.w. of the extract, compared to normal control rats administered with normal saline. In the oral glucose tolerance test, the methanol extract exerted the highest response, similar to glibenclamide after 15 and 30 minutes of administration, compared to the control rats. The methanol extract yielded the highest blood glucose lowering effects after 9 days of treatment (p<0.05), compared to diabetic rats administered with normal saline and 0.3 mg/kg b.w. of glibenclamide. Administration of the extract at 200 mg/kg b.w. showed improved pancreas architecture and regeneration of the β-cells, compared with the pancreas of animals in the other groups. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that MSBEAO is a potentially effective agent for the management of diabetes which might result from the antioxidant-generating capacity of the stem bark.

Anti-Snake Venom, Anti-Arthritic and Cytotoxic Activities of Tectona grandis L. f. Stem Bark (Lamiaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Adebayo Gbolade ◽  
Oluwasegun Adedokun ◽  
Ogochukwu Ume ◽  
Johnkennedy Onyechege ◽  
Cynthia Mkparu
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Proteinase Inhibition

Tectona grandis L. f. (Lamiaceae) is famous for timber production and has been used in traditional medicine for treating bronchitis, liver-related  roubles, urinary discharge amongst other diseases. Methanol extract of  the stem bark was investigated for in vivo antiophidian assay against Bitis arietans and Naja nigricollis. Also, the extract and chromatographic fractions were subjected to cytotoxicity tests using tadpole model and  antiarthritic assay by proteinase inhibition. Chromatography of crude methanol extract afforded three highly polar vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) fractions (BVLC-1, BVLC-2 and BVLC-3). BVLC-2 further gave four semi-pure uncharacterized isolates (I, II, III, IV). Only BVLC-2 and BVLC-3 were cytotoxic at 10 - 80 mg/ml, with BVLC-3 being most potent (100% mortality, LC50 40 mg/ml). Concentration-dependent proteinase enzyme inhibition (24 - 71%) at 200 - 1000 μg/ml of BVLC-2 was observed, and this was less (IC50 659.24 μg/ml) than the activity of the standard drug, acetyl salicylic acid. However, neutralization of B. arietans and N. nigricollis snake venoms using methanol extract was not dose-dependent, but the extract atthe least dose, 50 mg/kg offered better protection (75%) on Naja nigricollis envenomed-mice in 48 h. Its activity was comparable to that of the positive antivenin tested at 0.2 mg/kg. These findings justify the folkloric use of T. grandis in the treatment of snake bites, arthritic conditions, and oxidative stress-induced diseases. Keywords: Tectona grandis, methanol extract, anti-snake venom activity, tadpole cytotoxicity, anti-arthritic activity

scholarly journals Safety assessment of the methanol extract of the stem bark of Amphimas pterocarpoides Harms: Acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies in Wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 877-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Job Tchoumtchoua ◽  
Oumarou Riepouo Mouchili ◽  
Sylvin Benjamin Ateba ◽  
Stéphane Zingue ◽  
Maria Halabalaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic Screening and Anti-inflammatory Investigation of the Methanol extract of stem bark of Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Felix N. Osuala ◽  
Uchenna E. Odoh ◽  
VictoriaC. Onuigbo ◽  
Sylvester C. Ohadoma
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Introduction: Blighia unijugata is a potent medicinal plant extensively employed in traditional herbal remedies for the treatment of various diseases such as fever, fertility, inflammation, hypertension, migraine and treatment of infections due to microorganisms. Aim: This work, investigates the pharmacognostic screening and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract of B. unijugata stem bark. Method: Collection, drying, pulverization, and methanol extraction of the stem bark were done accordingly. The screening of phytochemical constituents and Pharmacognostic numerical data were carried out. The chromatographic analysis was carried out using TLC. The acute toxicity was determined using Lorke’s method. Methanol extract was investigated for anti-inflammatory effect in albino rats using egg-induced hind paw oedema at doses of 200, 400 and 600mg/kg body weight respectively. Result: The macroscopical investigation showed the stem bark outer layer is greyish and, the inner layer is pale reddish brown, disagreeable odour, bitter, Microscopical screening revealed the presence of starch grains, trichomes and sclerenchyma cells. Chemomicroscopic result revealed the presence of lignin, starch, calcium oxalate, cellulose, stone cells. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the powdered bark showed the presence of saponins, steroids, tannins, and resins. Numerical data: moisture content/ weight loss on drying gave value of 7.7%, percentage yield of 6.7%, alcoholic soluble extractive 5.6%, water soluble extractive 6.3%, total ash of 7.1%,  acid insoluble ash 0.57% and water soluble ash 4.56%. The chromatographic screening results were close compared with the standard drug. Toxicity test established the lethal dose of greater than 5000mg/kg. There was a significant inhibition of the edema p>0.05, the presence of various bioactive constituents may have contributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of the plant extract. Conclusion: The result of this study confirms that the barks of B. unijugata have anti-inflammatory effect and justifies the use as traditional treatment of inflammation and pain. Keywords: Blighia unijugata, Inflammation, Inflammatory agents, Anti inflammatory

scholarly journals Extracts of Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel (Combretaceae) Galls Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rats Status

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Pierre Alexandre Eric Djifaby Sombié ◽  
Rahman Hafizur ◽  
Martin Kiendrébéogo ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary ◽  
Odile Germaine Nacoulma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Guiera Senegalensis

Background: A good number of medicinal and dietary plants are used for diabetes treatment in Burkina Faso. Aim of the Study: The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic activity of Guiera senegalensis galls extracts and its potential mechanisms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methodology: The methanol extract was administered by gavage to healthy Wistar rats for the determination of toxicity, to normal and diabetic Wistar rats for the determination of glucose reduction level, lipid profile, insulin level and glycaemic parameters in serum. The histology and immunohistochemistry of the pancreas were also determined. Results: The acute toxicity results showed that the medium lethal dose (LD50) of the methanol galls extract of Guiera senegalensis is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight in rats. Guiera senegalensis methanolic extract (250 mg/kg) and the tolbutamide (100 mg/kg) recorded a significantly (p < 0.05) lower level of triglyceride compared to the diabetic group. The methanol extract (250 and 500 mg/kg pc) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the blood glucose level and increased the serum insulin level in diabetic rats. Interestingly, improved ß-cell function and antioxidant status were also observed in G. senegalensis-treated diabetic rats when compared to tolbutamide-treated diabetic rats. Conclusion: These data showed direct evidence that G. senegalensis has antidiabetic activity by decreasing blood glucose level, improving insulin secretion and β-cell functions and modulating antioxidant status.

scholarly journals PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC ROOT EXTRACT OF COMMIPHORA CAUDATA AGAINST DIABETIC-INDUCED RATS IN HIGH-FAT DIET-STREPTOZOTOCIN MODEL

2019 ◽  
pp. 563-566
Author(s):  
ANITHA K ◽  
SABAPATHI MOHANA LAKSHMI ◽  
SATYANARAYANA SV
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Standard Drug

Objective: The present study was to explore the phytochemical analysis and antidiabetic potential of the root of Commiphora caudata in high-fat diet (HFD) streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The ethanolic root extract of C. caudata at a dose of 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg was administered to diabetic rats. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. Results: The data were statistically assessed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dennett’s multiple comparison tests. To unfold the mechanism, we studied all the biochemical parameters glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and very LDL (VLDL) and histopathological examination of the pancreatic tissue section. The ethanolic extracts of root of C. caudata showed significant reduce of the level of cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL, and significant increase in the serum level of HDL at 400 mg/kg rather than 200 mg/kg. Conclusion: Further studies should look into the characterization and isolation of the constituents to know the exact mechanism of hypoglycemic activity. Statistical analyses of this screening method confirm that the proposed method is appropriate and it can be expected to improve basic idea to the researcher who is working in area-like antidiabetic activity.

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