scholarly journals The influence of field crop rotations on the accumulation of crop-root residues in the arable layer of sod-podzolic soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 594-601
Author(s):  
S. A. Zamyatin ◽  
A. Yu. Efimova ◽  
S. A. Maksutkin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Crop Root

The aim of the research is to take a comparative assessment of the amount of plowed down plant residues in various field crop rotations in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El. The study was carried out in 2013-2018 on a stationary site in a two-factor experiment. Factor A ‒ types of crop rotations and shift of crops: 1. Grain and grass crop rotation (oats + clover, clover of the 1st year of use (y.u.) for green mass, winter rye, vetch and oat mixture for grain, spring wheat, barley. 2. I fruit-changing crop rotation (vetch and oat mix for green fodder, winter rye, barley, potato, vetch and oat mixture for grain, spring wheat). 3. II fruit-changing crop rotation (vetch and oat mixture for grain, spring wheat, potato with manure (80 t/ha), barley + clover, clover of the 1st year of use for green mass, winter rye). 4. III fruit-changing crop rotation (barley + clover, clover of the 1st year of use for green mass, clover of the 2nd year of use for green mass, winter rye, potato, oats). Factor B ‒ mineral fertilizers: 1. Without fertilizers. 2. N60P60K60. In the control grain and grass crop rotation with a oneyear use of clover, 3.02±0.06 t/ha of crop-root residues were received per year on the average. In the I fruit-changing crop rotation, due to the replacement of clover with potato, residues formed 2.14±0.04 t/ha, which was significantly less than the control variant (LSD05 in factor А ‒ 0.21). In the II fruit-changing crop rotation, the accumulation of crop-root residues amounted to 2.91±0.07 t/ha. Compared to the control, it was within the limits of experimental error. The largest number of crop-root residues was accumulated in the III fruit-changing crop rotation (3.37±0.07 t/ha). The use of mineral fertilizers significantly increased the bulk of crop-root residues in all crop rotations by 0.16 t/ha per year on the average (LSD05 in factor B ‒ 0.15). Carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) in the crop-root residues of clover and potato was 18…20, in the vetch-oat mixture it was 25…31, in spring grain crops it was 39…41, and in winter rye it was 53.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FIELD CROP ROTATION IN OPTIMIZATION OF OF SOWING AREAS STRUCTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Валерий Чибис ◽  
Valeriy Chibis ◽  
Светлана Чибис ◽  
Svetlana Chibis ◽  
Илья Кутышев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Oil Crops

In a long-term places, located on the experimental fields of Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (Omsk), the schemes of field crop rotations were modernized by introducing oil crops (rapeseed, soybean) into rotation and replacing the repeated wheat crops with barley and oats. Accounting of grain crops productivity and accompanying observations were carried out in three field rotations of different lengths of rotation (four- and five-field) and on permanent sowing. The repetition of the experiments is fourfold. The system of agrotechnical measures recommended for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia was applied. The study of predecessors in the cultivation of crops for various purposes was carried out in field experiments using conventional methods. The humus content for rotation in the soil layer of 0-40 cm increased by 0.19% in the crop rotation “rapeseed - wheat spring wheat - barley - soybean - spring wheat”. The largest accumulation of humus (0.83%) was in the rotation “soybean - spring wheat - barley – oats”. During the years of research wheat productivity varied from 0.82 to 2.22 tons per hectare. Wheat was the first crop in all its predecessors to form grains, on average, by 0.3-0.5 tons per hectare, than the second crop. The yield of soybeans in the crop rotation was 1.23-1.78 tons per hectare. The productivity of rapeseed was low, its productivity over the years was 1.31 tons per hectare. Grain-fodder crops (barley, oats) averaged 0.4-0.6 tons per hectare, higher than the spring wheat productivity in the alternating rotation. The maximum yield of grain from a hectare of arable land was noted in the crop-steam rotation and amounted to 1.7 tons. An increase in the yield of feed-protein units was observed in crop rotations saturated with oil crops (rapeseed and soybean) and amounted to 3.4-4.0 tons per hectare. The economic calculation showed that the cultivation of field crops in the rotational crop rotation of “soybean - wheat - barley – oats” increased profitability by 44%, net income - by half, in comparison with the control variant. The obtained materials can be used to develop schemes of field crop rotations for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of various elements of grain cultivation technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Fedor A. Popov ◽  
Evgeniya N. Noskova ◽  
Lyudmila M. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Streptomyces Hygroscopicus ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Three Factor

The article presents the results of a long-term stationary three-factor experiment on sod-podzolic loamy soil to identify the effectiveness of various methods of basic and pre-sowing treatment of soil, the use of biological preparations in the technology of cultivating grain crops in six-field crop rotation. It was established that the most profitable elements of the technology in energy and economic terms will be: surface-cut treatment with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Azotovit and Phosphatovit biologics into the tillering stage of oat in a vetch-oat mixture for green feed; surface-cut treatment with KBM-4,2 cultivator or with pre-sowing treatment with a APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of Azotovite and Phosphatovite biological preparations into the soil before sowing winter rye for grain; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate for spring wheat; surface-cut treatment with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at tillering stage of oat in pea-oat mixture for grain-hay; ploughing with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Pseudobacterin-2 biopreparation at barley tillering stage; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at oat tillering stage.

scholarly journals Main criteria for evaluation of efciency and contradictions in the process of crop rotation implementation

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
I. Prymak ◽  
L. Karpuk ◽  
M. Yermolaev ◽  
A. Pavlichenko ◽  
L. Filipova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Positive Balance

The nature of subjective positioning on the role of crop rotations in agriculture from many points of view, namely – agrochemical, biological, geological and energetic. This leads to the belief that crop rotation arose as a need for reasonable human interaction with nature, a careful attitude to it. However, a comprehensive ecological and biosphere approach to understanding the essence of crop rotation requires the resolution of certain contradictions that arise in the implementation of modern farming systems. Based on the data of long-term feld experiments, the main indicators of the biological cycle of humus carbon in black soil are calculated. The calculation is based on the balance of humus as the difference between the fnal and initial content and reserves in the soil under different crop rotations. We found that the joint application of organic and mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the balance of humus and nitrogen in the soil and, ultimately, on crop yields and crop rotation productivity. Against this background, a positive balance of humus (+1.29 t/ha) and total nitrogen (+80 kg/ha) in the soil is observed. Strengthening the organic fertilizer system by using, in addition to manure, by-products of crops – cereal straw, peas, corn stalks contributed to the formation of a positive balance of humus and nitrogen in the soil: the annual accumulation of humus was 0.28 t/ha, nitrogen 14 kg/ha. Due to the humifcation of crop residues of cereals, peas and perennial legumes during the 7-year study period in the soil of control crop rotation 1 formed humus 2.85 t/ha, in crop rotation 14 with grasses – 7.0, the rest of crop rotations – from 3.4 up to 4.0 t/ha. In general, 5.5 % of the initial stock of humus or 8.9 t/ha was mineralized in the crop rotation without fertilizers during the specifed period. If we add to this about 3 t/ha of humus, the decomposition of which in the process of mineralization was compensated by plant residues, then during this period decomposed about 12 t/ha of humus. This value of mineralization characterizes the parameters of the biological cycle of humus in the control crop rotation. Key words: soil, fertilizers, crop rotations, crop yield, crop rotation productivity, plant residues, humifcation, humus, humus mineralization, humus balance.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF GRAIN-CROP ROTATION, DEPENDING ON SEEDING OF MANURE, STRAW AND INTERMEDIATE SIDERATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Marsel Akhmetzyanov ◽  
Ivan Talanov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Combined Application

The article presents the results of studies on the introduction of manure, straw and intermediate green manure in a grain-grass crop rotation against the background of the introduction of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on the gray forest soil of the Republic of Tatarstan. The results of studies showed that options with the introduction of manure and plant biomass reduced the soil density in the 0-10 cm layer by 0.02-0.04 g/cm3, in the 10-20 cm layer by 0.03-0.04 g/cm3. The total content of structural aggregates in the variants with the introduction of manure and the joint incorporation of straw and green manure increased to 46.7-72.9%, the structural coefficient was 0.87-2.69, against 44.3-63.9% and 0.79 -1.77 on the mineral background. The amount of crop and root residues that came into the soil after harvesting perennial grasses more accumulated in the backgrounds with the addition of manure, straw and green manure and amounted to 10.8-12.1 tons per hectare, while the mineral background made up only 10, 11 tons per hectare. Against the same background, an increase in the content of humus in the soil by 0.12-0.16% occurred. Improving the soil fertility of the soil, manure, straw and green manure contributed to an increase in crop yields in crop rotation compared with the mineral background: winter rye by 0.2-5.0 centner, spring wheat by 1.2-6.8 centner, perennial grasses by 1.2-7.3 grain units, spring wheat – 2.5-5.4 centner, oats - 2.4-5.3 center per hectare. Crop cultivation in a grain-grass crop rotation on the background of the combined application of straw and crop green manure made it possible to get a maximum profit of 22,835.6 rubles per ha with a profitability level of 162.8%, against 15540.0 rubles per ha and a profitability of 96.4% against a mineral background.

scholarly journals Agrophysical and agrochemical properties of dark grey forest soils under different systems of basic tillage

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
N. V. Perfilyev ◽  
O. A. Vyushina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Nutrient Regime ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Bare Fallow

The effect of long-term use of different systems of basic tillage of dark grey forest soils on the agrophysical properties, nutrient regime and yield of grain crops in grain-fallow crop rotations was determined. The study was carried out in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals in a stationary experiment in 1996-2018. The traditional moldboard and resource-saving systems of basic tillage were studied. The experiment took place during the third-sixth rotations of two grain-fallow crop rotations spread in time and space: bare fallow - winter rye - spring wheat - spring vetch - spring barley; bare fallow - winter rye - spring wheat - spring wheat - spring barley. When cultivating a grain crop that completes a grain-fallow crop rotation, in the fourth field after the fallow with a legume forecrop (spring vetch), it is advisable to use systems of basic tillage with elements of minimization. These include non-moldboard and combined tillage with subsurface loosening by a plow with SibIME tines to a depth of 20-22 cm differentiated with stubble-mulch at 12-14 cm and disk harrowing at 10-12 cm. The studied tillage systems ensured the conditions of the water regime, soil composition and nutritional regime close to the moldboard tillage system. The yield of barley almost equal to the moldboard system was formed: against the background of natural land fertility - 2.97-3.03 t/ha, with the use of N40P40P40 - 3.47-3.65 t/ha. Application of tillage systems with minimization elements in a grain-fallow crop rotation without planting a leguminous crop with a given crop for a repeated grain crop (wheat) led to the following results. Productive moisture availability in the soil layer 0-1.0 m decreased by 8.6-28.0%, the nutrient regime worsened significantly, especially nitrogen (by 15.5-43.8%) and phosphorus (by 39.1-51.1%), with the negative differentiation of soil fertility, and reduction of grain yield by 0.09-0.40 t/ha.

scholarly journals The effect of crop rotation on the soil biological activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
S. А. Zamyatin ◽  
R. В. Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Second Period

The current paper has presented the results of long-term experiments on the study of the biological activity of sod-podzolic soil by the application method in field crop rotations. The experimental part of the work was carried out on the experimental plots of the Mari Research Institute of Agriculture, a branch of the FSBSI FARC of the North-East in 1996–2020. The trials were laid down in 1996 and 1998. The trial was laid down in two factors. Factor A included such types of crop rotations as grain-grasses crop rotations (oats + clover, clover of 1 year of use, winter crops, vetch-oat mixture for grain, spring wheat, barley as a control grain crop); the first rotation of crops (annual leguminous grasses, winter crops, barley, potatoes, vetch-oat mixture for grain, spring wheat); the second rotation of crops (vetch-oat mix[1]ture for grain, spring wheat, potatoes fertilized with manure (80 t/ha), barley + clover, clover of 1 year of use, winter crops); the third rotation of crops (barley + clover, clover of 1 year of use, clover of 2 years of use, winter crops, pota[1]toes, oats). Factor B included application of mineral fertilizers: control grain crop (without fertilizers); N60P60K60. There has been established that the activity of soil microflora mainly depended on the presence of organic matter in the soil. The largest activity of cellulose-destroying microorganisms against a natural background of fertility was identified in the second rotation of crops, with the introduction 23.9% of manure for potatoes in the first period (45 days) and 54.7% in the second period (90 days) of exposure. The slightest biological activity of the soil was identified in the grain-grasses crop rotation (with 83% of grain crops); it was 17.7% in the first 45 days and 43.4% in the second period of exposure. That was caused by the deficit of organic matter. The introduction of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N60P60K60 under pre-sowing tillage significantly increased the soil biological activity in comparison to the unfertilized background, and a fairly high intensity of flax decomposition was observed in the second rotation of crops with 24.9% in 45 days and 56.8% in 90 days. Correlation analysis (1998-2019) between the mean flax decomposition under crops for the entire vegetation period and the value of the hydrothermal coefficient (HThC) showed a close direct correlation, which in the first and second periods of exposure was 0.87–0.90 and 0.86–0.89, respectively.

scholarly journals Long-term crop rotation effects on winter and spring cereals productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽  
Ingė Auželienė ◽  
Vaclovas Bogužas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Productivity Indicators

A long-term field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the VDU Agriculture Academy (formerly Aleksandras Stulginskis University), Institute of Agroecosystems crop rotation collection (equipped in 1967), during 2015–2017. The soil of the Experimental site is moderately fine textured Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. The research was carried out on winter rye (Secale cereale L.) ‘Matador’, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ‘Skagen’ and 71 spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ‘Orphelija’, which were sown in 8 different crop rotations after different preceding crops and rye monoculture. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of long-term crop rotation combinations on testing crops yield and productivity indicators. In many cases, rye productivity indicators were lower during 50-year monocropping. The best productivity indicators were obtained by growing rye in them in grass and fallow crop sequences, and for winter wheat in fallow with vetch–oat mixture for fodder and after manure application. In rye these indicators were more dependent on the precipitation amount and the amount of the sum of temperature during the period of generative organ formation. Among these indicators and the number of productive stems, a statistically strong and medium strength correlation interaction was identified: r = 0.83, P ≤ 0.01; r = 0.90, P ≤ 0.05; r = 0.58, P ≤ 0.05; r = 0.85, P ≤ 0.01; and winter weat r = 0.87, P ≤ 0.01; r = 0.89, P ≤ 0.01. The highest winter wheat productivity was established in crop rotation after perennial grasses and leguminous crops. Crop yield in monoculture decreases, but the optimal amount of mineral fertilizers saves lower but stable yields. Spring barley is less dependent on preceding crop, so it can be grown after winter cereals. However, they are more productive when sown after row crops and in crop rotations where one of the rotation members is fertilized with organic fertilizers.

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE ROOT ZONE OF PEA AND WINTER WHEAT PLANTS AT CULTIVATION IN MONOCULTURE AND FOUR FIELD CROP ROTATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
I.M. Malinovskaya ◽  
D.V Litvinov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Microbiological Processes

The peculiarities of various microbiological processes at cultivation of winter wheat and pea crops in the permanent and short crop rotations were studied in stationary experiments. It was established that the cultivation of wheat in a monoculture results in intensification of consumption of soil organic matter as compared to the crop rotations: without applications mineral fertilizers on 52,2 %, with mineral fertilizers – on 77,8 %; increase of humus mineralization: without fertilizer on 111 %, with fertilizer (N60P60K60) – on 15 %; and activation of mineralization of nitrogen compounds on 100 and 60,0 %, respectively. Cultivation of peas in a monoculture was also accompanied by intensification of soil organic matter development: without the application of mineral fertilizers by 3,17 times, with mineral fertilizers – by 1,79 times; increase of humus mineralization by 1,73 and 1,88 times, respectively; and activation of mineralization of nitrogen compounds by 2,38 and 1,88 times, respectively. The decrease of humus mineralization activity in the root zone of pea plants as comparing to the wheat was at 45,7 % (monoculture), 19,2 % (crop rotation) and 46,9 % (crop rotation, NPK) levels.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the influence of siderates on the biological properties of podzolized chernozem in the link of field crop rotation

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Chulkov ◽  
T. Chapalda
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Green Mass

Abstract. The purpose is to study the effect of various siderates on the biological properties and yield of spring barley. Methods. Тhe experiment was carried out on podzolized chernozem in 2017–2018 in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Urals. The green mass of the siderates was taken into account manually, and barley grain by combine was carried out. Soil moisture was determined by the thermostatic-weight method. The number and mass of earthworms were determined from the registered area. The microbiological activity of the soil was determined by the method of linen cloths. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the effect of various siderates on the yield of spring barley and the microbiological activity of the soil, the number and mass of earthworms was compared on podzolized chernozem. Results. The effect of various siderates: peas + oats, winter rye, spring rapeseed, white mustard, fodder beans on the microbiological activity of the soil, the number of earthworms and the yield of spring barley in the link of the field crop rotation – sideral steam – spring barley was studied. The largest green mass of green manure was plowed into the soil in the following variants: fodder beans (41.2 t/ha) and peas + oats (36.4 t/ha). In the variant with the planting of fodder beans, the highest microbiological activity of the soil was observed (71 %). Studies of the number of earthworms showed that their number was 24 % higher in the mustard variant compared to the control. However, the mass of the soil they processed in the peas + oats variant (138 g/m2) was maximum and exceeded the mass in other versions by 11–27 g/m2. The highest yield of barley was also obtained in the variant with the incorporation of feed beans – 2.87 t/ha, which is 0.26–0.69 t/ha higher than the rest. Increasing the microbiological activity of the soil in the variant with the incorporation of feed beans increased the yield of barley. The increase in the plowed green mass in the variants did not affect the increase in the number and weight of earthworms.

scholarly journals Effect of long-term crop rotations on soil CO2 emission and earthworms

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Skinulienė ◽  
Vaclovas Bogužas ◽  
Vaida Steponavičienė ◽  
Aušra Sinkevičienė ◽  
Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil Co2 Emission

Long-term field experiment was established in 1966 at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University, in the crop rotation collection of the Institute of Agroecosystems and Soil Science established in 1967. The soil is brown drained deeper carbonic shallow clayey (RDg8–k2) – Endocalcari-Epihypogleyic Cambisol (sicco) (CMg-p-w-can). The experiment was carried out in crops of winter wheat, rye and barley of different crop rotation in sequence of different preceding/catch crops. Crops of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) ‘Matador’, wheat ‘Skagen’ and spring barley ‘Orphelija’ were sown in 8 crop rotations in sequence of different preceding (catch) crop and rye monocrops. The research aim was to investigate the effect of long-term crop rotations on the soil CO2 emission, and on the number and mass of earthworms. After pre-crops, leaving a large amount of plant residues in the soil, the CO2 emission intensity was the highest. It was established that after harvesting of winter cereals and spring barely, the plant residue had the most significant influence on the amount of earthworms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document