Short-Term Housing in Metabolic Caging on Measures of Energy and Fluid Balance in Male C57BL/6J Mice (Mus musculus)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha A Ziegler ◽  
Connie C Grobe ◽  
John J Reho ◽  
Eric S Jensen ◽  
Joseph D Thulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Ambulatory Activities ◽  
Ingestive Behaviors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fecal Collection

Metabolic caging is an important tool for quantitative urine and feces collection in rodents, although significant limitationsand problems accompany its use. Despite strong opinions among investigators regarding the effects of metabolic caging onenergy and fluid homeostasis, careful quantitative analysis of the impact of this caging type—particularly when used for mice—is lacking. The current study assessed the effects of metabolic caging, with or without modifications such as plastic platform inserts, on ingestive behaviors, energy expenditure, accuracy of urine and fecal collection, and ambulatory activities in male C57BL/6J mice. Housing mice in metabolic cages, regardless of platform inclusion, increased energy expenditure without modifying food intake, presumably due to the inability of mice to perform normal thermoregulatory behaviors (burrowing and huddling). Surprisingly, mice in metabolic cages actively avoided platforms, and the inclusion of platforms modified the behavior of the mice and had position-dependent effects that reduced the accuracy of urine collection. Moving mice from cohousing to individual housing in home cages also increased ingestive behaviors and energy expenditure. We conclude that single housing of male C57BL/6J mice increases energy expenditure, that this increase is potentiated in metaboliccaging conditions, and that platforms in metabolic cages alter mouse behavior and urine collection. Additional future workis needed to determine the potential benefits of using higher ambient temperature for studies of mice in metabolic cagingand whether the above effects occur in females and other strains of mice and other rodent species.

scholarly journals A Glyoxalase-1 Knockdown Does Not Have Major Short Term Effects on Energy Expenditure and Atherosclerosis in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Wortmann ◽  
Maani Hakimi ◽  
Thomas Fleming ◽  
Andreas S. Peters ◽  
Tjeerd P. Sijmonsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glyoxalase 1 ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Short Term Effects

Objective. Glyoxalase-1 is an enzyme detoxifying methylglyoxal (MG). MG is a potent precursor of advanced glycation endproducts which are regarded to be a key player in micro- and macrovascular damage. Yet, the role of Glo1 in atherosclerosis remains unclear. In this study, the effect of Glo1 on mouse metabolism and atherosclerosis is evaluated.Methods. Glo1 knockdown mice were fed a high fat or a standard diet for 10 weeks. Body weight and composition were investigated by Echo MRI. The PhenoMaster system was used to measure the energy expenditure. To evaluate the impact of Glo1 on atherosclerosis, Glo1KDmice were crossed with ApoE-knockout mice and fed a high fat diet for 14 weeks.Results. Glo1 activity was significantly reduced in heart, liver, and kidney lysates derived from Glo1KDmice. Yet, there was no increase in methylglyoxal-derived AGEs in all organs analyzed. The Glo1 knockdown did not affect body weight or body composition. Metabolic studies via indirect calorimetry did not show significant effects on energy expenditure. Glo1KDmice crossed to ApoE−/−mice did not show enhanced formation of atherosclerosis.Conclusion. A Glo1 knockdown does not have major short term effects on the energy expenditure or the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

Gender Differences in the Response to Short-term Cold Exposure in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. e1938-e1948
Author(s):  
Laura A Mengel ◽  
Hatti Seidl ◽  
Beate Brandl ◽  
Thomas Skurk ◽  
Christina Holzapfel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Context Cold exposure (CE) has been shown to enhance energy expenditure by activating brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and metabolism in humans. However, it remains to be elucidated if there are gender-specific differences in cold-induced thermogenesis and metabolism. Objective To study the impact of mild CE on resting energy expenditure (REE) and metabolism in males compared with females. Setting A cross-sectional study. Participants 117 healthy young Caucasians participated in this study (58 males). Mean age was 25.1 ± 3.6 years and mean body mass index 22.3 ± 1.7 kg/m2. Intervention Participants underwent a short-term CE using water perfused mattresses to activate nonshivering thermogenesis. Main Outcome Measures REE was assessed before and 2 hours after CE followed by blood sampling. Selected metabolites and hormones were measured. Skin temperatures were monitored at various sites throughout the experiment. Results Participants showed a significant increase in REE after CE (6.5%, P < .001). This increase did not differ between genders (P = .908). However, there were differences between males and females in changes of plasma glucose (–5.1% versus –7.4%, P = .024), leptin (–14.3% versus –30.1%, P < .001) and adiponectin (5.4% versus 12.8%, P = .018) after CE. We observed a significant decrease of the supraclavicular skin temperature in men (–0.3%, P = .034), but not in women (0.3%, P = .326)(P = .019 between genders). Conclusions We did not observe a difference in the thermogenic response, measured as change of REE, to CE in women compared with men. However, we found that some metabolic and hormonal changes were more pronounced in women than in men suggesting a gender-specific response to cold.

scholarly journals Normobaric hypoxic conditioning to maximize weight loss and ameliorate cardio-metabolic health in obese populations: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (3) ◽  
pp. R251-R264 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hobbins ◽  
S. Hunter ◽  
N. Gaoua ◽  
O. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Normobaric hypoxic conditioning (HC) is defined as exposure to systemic and/or local hypoxia at rest (passive) or combined with exercise training (active). HC has been previously used by healthy and athletic populations to enhance their physical capacity and improve performance in the lead up to competition. Recently, HC has also been applied acutely (single exposure) and chronically (repeated exposure over several weeks) to overweight and obese populations with the intention of managing and potentially increasing cardio-metabolic health and weight loss. At present, it is unclear what the cardio-metabolic health and weight loss responses of obese populations are in response to passive and active HC. Exploration of potential benefits of exposure to both passive and active HC may provide pivotal findings for improving health and well being in these individuals. A systematic literature search for articles published between 2000 and 2017 was carried out. Studies investigating the effects of normobaric HC as a novel therapeutic approach to elicit improvements in the cardio-metabolic health and weight loss of obese populations were included. Studies investigated passive ( n = 7; 5 animals, 2 humans), active ( n = 4; all humans) and a combination of passive and active ( n = 4; 3 animals, 1 human) HC to an inspired oxygen fraction ([Formula: see text]) between 4.8 and 15.0%, ranging between a single session and daily sessions per week, lasting from 5 days up to 8 mo. Passive HC led to reduced insulin concentrations (−37 to −22%) in obese animals and increased energy expenditure (+12 to +16%) in obese humans, whereas active HC lead to reductions in body weight (−4 to −2%) in obese animals and humans, and blood pressure (−8 to −3%) in obese humans compared with a matched workload in normoxic conditions. Inconclusive findings, however, exist in determining the impact of acute and chronic HC on markers such as triglycerides, cholesterol levels, and fitness capacity. Importantly, most of the studies that included animal models involved exposure to severe levels of hypoxia ([Formula: see text] = 5.0%; simulated altitude >10,000 m) that are not suitable for human populations. Overall, normobaric HC demonstrated observable positive findings in relation to insulin and energy expenditure (passive), and body weight and blood pressure (active), which may improve the cardio-metabolic health and body weight management of obese populations. However, further evidence on responses of circulating biomarkers to both passive and active HC in humans is warranted.

Benefits and Harms of Short-Term International Academic Experiences Among Rehabilitation Students: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 1948-1966
Author(s):  
Kerri Lembo ◽  
Katharine Majewski ◽  
Andy Seraphin ◽  
Madison Hayes ◽  
Daniel Quintin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Country ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Academic Experiences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective More rehabilitation students are engaging in short-term international experiences to gain clinical experience with a novel population or setting. Further investigation of the impacts on the students and host populations resulting from these initiatives is needed. The purpose of this study was to examine the benefits and harms of short-term international academic experiences completed by rehabilitation students for both the student and the host populations. Methods PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL were searched for studies from 1998 through March 2019; any study design was eligible for review. Independent reviewers screened and selected studies. To be eligible, articles had to include a rehabilitation student participating in a short-term clinical or community-based experience. Two independent reviewers extracted data from included studies. Outcomes included benefits and harms of international academic experiences on students and host populations. Oxford Level of Evidence was used for quality assessment. Nineteen studies met eligibility criteria. Results The most prevalent benefits and harms to students were increases in cultural and clinical competence and emotional health risks. The most prevalent benefits and harms to hosts were novel training and decreased productivity. Conclusions Highlighting benefits and harms serves a pivotal role in investigating ways to create more effective, mutually beneficial relationships between home and host populations. Future research should aim for a deeper analysis of the impact of short-term international academic experiences on host populations to develop and deepen sustainable partnerships. Impact With more rehabilitation students engaging in short-term international academic experiences, this review provides important guidance for the profession, including the recommendation that outcomes regarding the potential benefits and harms for home and host populations should be collected at 3 key times: immediately pre-departure for the host country, immediately post-departure in the home country, and 1-year post-arrival in the home country.

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

Peranan Whistleblowing Dalam Meningkatkan Integriti Anggota Polis Diraja Malaysia (Pdrm): Kajian Ke Atas Kontinjen Perak

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Megat Ayop Megat Arifin ◽  
Abd. Halim Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Positive Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Whitsleblowing is one of the positive practices in organizations that are able to raise the level of integrity among the members of an organization. However, the roles of whistleblowing also inevitably invites a response, especially among members of the organization itself. This is because such practices are viewed as one factor that may be detrimental to the organization in addition to revealing the reporter (whistleblower) to some external threats and intimidation of discrimination within the organization. This paper is an attempt to examine the relationship between perceptions of members of the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) Contingent of Perak through the role of whistleblowing practices to increase the perception of the integrity of the members. Next, identify the purpose of the whistleblowing and its effect on the integrity of the members of the organization. This study used a descriptive quantitative analysis to identify patterns of relationship that exists between the perception of whistleblowing practices with perceptions of increased integrity based on three basic variables of demographic factors, response to whistleblowing and the impact of making the report. The results showed that members of the Perak’s police have a positive perception of whistleblowing practices which are seen to be done in improving the integrity of the members.Keywords: whistleblowing, perception, RMP members, culture, integrity, organization, influence. ABSTRAK: Whitsleblowing merupakan salah satu amalan positif dalam organisasi yang mampu untuk meningkatkan tahap integriti ahli-ahli dalam sesebuah organisasi. Namun begitu, amalan whistleblowing juga turut tidak dapat mengelak daripada mengundang pelbagai respon khususnya dalam kalangan ahli organisasi itu sendiri. Amalan sebegini turut dilihat sebagai salah satu faktor yang boleh memudaratkan organisasi di samping mendedahkan pelapor (whistleblower) kepada beberapa bentuk ancaman ugutan dari luar dan diskriminasi dalam organisasi. Kertas ini merupakan satu upaya untuk melihat perkaitan antara persepsi anggota Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) Kontinjen Perak melalui peranan amalan whistleblowing terhadap persepsi peningkatan integriti anggota. Seterusnya, mengenalpasti maksud whistleblowing dan pengaruhnya terhadap tahap integriti anggota dalam organisasi. Kajian ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif berbentuk deskriptif bagi mengenalpasti corak hubungan yang wujud antara persepsi terhadap amalan whistleblowing dengan persepsi terhadap peningkatan integriti berdasarkan tiga pembolehubah asas iaitu faktor demografi, tanggapan terhadap whistleblowing dan kesan daripada tindakan membuat laporan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa anggota PDRM Perak mempunyai persepsi yang positif terhadap whistleblowing yang mana ianya dilihat perlu dilaksanakan dalam meningkatkan integriti anggota.Kata kunci: whistleblowing, persepsi, amalan, anggota PDRM, budaya, integriti, organisasi, pengaruh.  

Diatoms in the Amur Bay sediments (Sea of Japan) and the impact of typhoons on their accumulation over the last 2000 years

2019 ◽  
pp. 252-256
Author(s):  
Irina A. Prushkovskaya ◽  
Ira B. Tsoy
Keyword(s):  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Catastrophic Events ◽  
Bromine Content ◽  
Amur Bay ◽  
The Impact

The study of diatoms in the sediments of the Amur Bay (Sea of Japan), formed over the last 2000 years, showed that the sharp short-term drops in the concentration of diatoms coincide with the minima of bromine content, which can be explained by the influence of typhoons or other catastrophic events leading to floods and used later in paleoreconstructions.

Cellular Uptake and Magneto-Hyperthermia Induced Cytotoxicity using Photoluminescent Fe3O4 Nanoparticle/Si Quantum Dot Hybrids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Javadi ◽  
Van A. Ortega ◽  
Alyxandra Thiessen ◽  
Maryam Aghajamali ◽  
Muhammad Amirul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Optical Responses ◽  
Si Quantum Dot ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Si Quantum Dots

<p>The design and fabrication of Si-based multi-functional nanomaterials for biological and biomedical applications is an active area of research. The potential benefits of using Si-based nanomaterials are not only due to their size/surface-dependent optical responses but also the high biocompatibility and low-toxicity of silicon itself. Combining these characteristics with the magnetic properties of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) multiplies the options available for real-world applications. In the current study, biocompatible magnetofluorescent nano-hybrids have been prepared by covalent linking of Si quantum dots to water-dispersible Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs <i>via</i> dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) coupling. We explore some of the properties of these magnetofluorescent nano-hybrids as well as evaluate uptake, the potential for cellular toxicity, and the induction of acute cellular oxidative stress in a mast cells-like cell line (RBL-2H3) by heat induction through short-term radio frequency modulation (10 min @ 156 kHz, 500 A). We found that the NPs were internalized readily by the cells and also penetrated the nuclear membrane. Radio frequency activated nano-hybrids also had significantly increased cell death where > 50% of the RBL-2H3 cells were found to be in an apoptotic or necrotic state, and that this was attributable to increased triggering of oxidative cell stress mechanisms. </p>

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