scholarly journals COVID-19 Chest X-Ray Detection Performance Through Variations of Wavelets Basis Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Agung Diatri Indradewi ◽  
Ni Wayan Sumartini Saraswati ◽  
NI Wayan Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Haar Wavelet ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Daubechies Wavelet ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Parameters Of Accuracy

Our previous work regarding the X-Ray detection of COVID-19 using Haar wavelet feature extraction and the Support Vector Machines (SVM) classification machine has shown that the combination of the two methods can detect COVID-19 well but then the question arises whether the Haar wavelet is the best wavelet method. So that in this study we conducted experiments on several wavelet methods such as biorthogonal, coiflet, Daubechies, haar, and symlets for chest X-Ray feature extraction with the same dataset. The results of the feature extraction are then classified using SVM and measure the quality of the classification model with parameters of accuracy, error rate, recall, specification, and precision. The results showed that the Daubechies wavelet gave the best performance for all classification quality parameters. The Daubechies wavelet transformation gave 95.47% accuracy, 4.53% error rate, 98.75% recall, 92.19% specificity, and 93.45% precision.

Multi-layer Hybrid Classification Model of COVID-19 Chest X-ray Images v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanakorn Poomkur ◽  
Thakerng Wongsirichot
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Hybrid Classification ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Segmentation Image

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic and has raised worldwide concern. Lung inflammation and respiratory failure are commonly observed in moderate-to-severe cases. Chest X-ray imaging is compulsory for diagnosis, and interpretation is commonly performed by skilled medical specialists. Many studies have been conducted using machine learning approaches such as Deep Learning (DL) with acceptable accuracy. However, other dimensions such as computational time were less discussed. Thus, our work is motivated to design anew computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) tool for identifying chest X-ray images of COVID-19 infection using machine learning techniques including Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Neural Networks (NNs). Our work is designed with the concept of multi-layer classification architecture and performs with minimal computational time and acceptable classification results. First, image segmentation, image enhancement and feature extraction techniques are performed. Second, machine learning techniques are selected based on classification performance. Finally, selected machine learning techniques are assembled into a multi-layer hybrid classification model for COVID-19 (MLHC-COVID-19). Specifically, the MLHC-COVID-19 consists of two layers, Layer I: Healthy and Unhealthy; Layer II: COVID-19 and non-COVID-19.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Detection using Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 3835-3540
Author(s):  
M. Srilekha Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

Recently, the virus (COVID-19) has spread widely throughout the world and has led to the examination of large numbers of suspected cases using standard COVID-19 tests and has become pandemic. Everyday life, public health and the global economy have been destroyed. The pathogenic laboratory tests such as Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) take a long time with false negative results and are considered the gold standard for diagnosis. Therefore, there was an urgent need for rapid and accurate diagnostic methods to detect COVID-19 cases as soon as possible to prevent the spread of this epidemic and combat it. Applying advanced artificial intelligence techniques along with radiography may be helpful in detecting this disease. In this study, we propose a classification model that detect the infected condition through the chest X-ray images. A dataset containing chest x-ray images of normal people, people with pneumonia such as SARS, streptococcus and pneumococcus and other patients with COVID- 19 were collected. Histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) is used for image features extraction. The images are then classified using Support Vector Machines (SVM), random forests and K- nearest neighbours (KNN), with classification rate 98.14%, 96.29% and 88.89% respectively. These results may contribute efficiently in detecting COVID-19 disease. The input dataset is taken from Kaggle which provides the dataset to analyse and helps to get the best possible solutions from the set of problems. Kaggle is launching a companion COVID-19 forecasting challenges to help answer a subset of the NASEM/WHO questions. While the challenge involves forecasting confirmed cases and fatalities between April 1 and April 30 by region, the primary goal isn't only to produce accurate forecasts. It’s also to identify factors that appear to impact the transmission rate of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Detection of Fracture Bones in X-ray Images Categorization

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Adigun Oyeranmi ◽  
Babatunde Ronke ◽  
Rufai Mohammed ◽  
Aigbokhan Edwin
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Fracture Detection ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
X Ray

Fractured bone detection and categorization is currently receiving research attention in computer aided diagnosis system because of the ease it has brought to doctors in classification and interpretation of X-ray images.  The choice of an efficient algorithm or combination of algorithms is paramount to accurately detect and categorize fractures in X-ray images, which is the first stage of diagnosis in treatment and correction of damaged bones for patients. This is what this research seeks to address. The research design involves data collection, preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification and evaluation of the proposed method. The sample dataset were x-ray images collected from the Department of Radiology, National Orthopedic Hospital, Igbobi-Lagos, Nigeria as well as Open Access Medical Image Repositories. The image preprocessing involves the conversion of images in RGB format to grayscale, sharpening and smoothing using Unsharp Masking Tool.  The segmentation of the preprocessed image was carried out by adopting the Entropy method in the first stage and Canny edge method in the second stage while feature extraction was performed using Hough Transformation. Detection and classification of fracture image employed a combination of two algorithms;  K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for detecting fracture locations based on four classification types: (normal, comminute, oblique and transverse).Two performance assessment methods were employed to evaluate the developed system. The first evaluation was based on confusion matrix which evaluates fracture and non-fracture on the basis of TP (True Positive), TN (True negative), FP (False Positive) and FN (False Negative). The second appraisal was based on Kappa Statistics which evaluates the type of fracture by determining the accuracy of the categorized fracture bone type. The result of first assessment for fracture detection shows that 26 out of 40 preprocessed images were fractured, resulting to the following three values of performance metrics: accuracy value of 90%, sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 100%. The Kappa coefficient error assessment produced accuracy of 83% during classification. The proposed method can find suitable use in categorization of fracture types on different bone images based on the results obtained from the experiment.

scholarly journals Semantic feature extraction method for hyperspectral crop classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
M. C. Girish Baabu ◽  
Padma M. C.
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Hyperspectral Image ◽  
Feature Representation ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Spectral Correlation ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Mixed Pixel ◽  
Computational Overhead ◽  
Crop Classification

<span>Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is composed of several hundred of narrow bands (NB) with high spectral correlation and is widely used in crop classification; thus induces time and space complexity, resulting in high computational overhead and Hughes phenomenon in processing these images. Dimensional reduction technique such as band selection and feature extraction plays an important part in enhancing performance of hyperspectral image classification. However, existing method are not efficient when put forth in noisy and mixed pixel environment with dynamic illumination and climatic condition. Here the proposed Sematic Feature Representation based HSI (SFR-HSI) crop classification method first employ Image Fusion (IF) method for finding meaningful features from raw HSI spectrally. Second, to extract inherent features that keeps spatially meaningful representation of different crops by eliminating shading elements. Then, the meaningful feature set are used for training using Support vector machine (SVM). Experiment outcome shows proposed HSI crop classification model achieves much better accuracies and Kappa coefficient performance. </span>

scholarly journals Automated Systems for Detection of COVID-19 Using Chest X-ray Images and Lightweight Convolutional Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammad Alqudah ◽  
Shoroq Qazan ◽  
Amin Alqudah
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Softmax Classifier ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Since December 2019, the appearance of an outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease namely COVID-19 and which is previously known as 2019-nCoV. COVID-19 is a type of coronavirus that leads to the general destruction of respiratory systems and a severe respiratory symptom which are associated with highly Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions and death. Like any disease, the early diagnosis of coronavirus leads to limit its wide-spreading and increases the recovery rates of patients. The gold standard of COVID-19 detection is the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which has been used by the clinician to discover the presence or absence of this type of virus. The clinicians report that this technique has a low positive rate in the early stage of this disease. Based on this, the clinicians were forced to use another way to help in the early diagnosis of COVID-2019. So, the clinician's attention moved towards the medical imaging modalities especially the computed Tomography (CT) and X-ray chest images. Both modalities show that there is a change in the lungs in the case of COVID-19 that is different from any other type of pneumonic disease. Therefore, this research targeted toward employing different Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to propose a system for early detection of COVID-19 using chest X-ray images. These images are classified using different AI algorithms and a combination of them, then their performance was evaluated to recognize the best of them. These algorithms include a convolutional neural network (CNN), Softmax, support vector machine (SVM), Random Forest, and K nearest neighbor (KNN). Here CNN is into two scenarios, the first one to classify the X-ray images using a softmax classifier, and the second one to extract automated features from the images and pass these features to other classifiers (SVM, RFF, and KNN). According to the results, the performance of all classifiers is good and most of them record accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision of more than 98%.

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