scholarly journals The Khrinnytski Szlachta Family in Private and Public Life of Early Modern Volhynia. The Line of Mykhailo Svatkovych Khrinnytski

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-88
Author(s):  
Iryna Voronchuk
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family Connections ◽  
Land Holdings

The article elucidates the history of the Khrinnytski szlachta family, which during the 16th – first half of the 17th century gradually ascended from the ranks of petty and nameless Volhynian szlachta to the status of the most influential families that played an important role in the political, military and public life of the Volhynian society. A historiographical review of the works of Polish genealogists, who include Ukrainian szlahcta to the Polish nobility, demonstrates scarcity of information on this family and some inaccuracies, which documentary sources have allowed to correct.On the basis of documents, the first cohorts of the clan are singled out and matrimonial ties and individual family structures are re-establsihed. The occupations of individual members of the family who held important offices in local administration of that time are identified. It is ascertained that the rise of the entire Khrinnytski House among the Volhynian szlachta began with Mykhailo Svatkovych, who, owning to his advantageous matrimonial ties, formed family connections with such powerful Volhynian families as the Semashkis and Rusyn Berestetskis, who by that time were already holding important land offices. Ivan Mykhailovych, the son of Mykhailo Svatkovych, gained some considerable influence among the szlachta: for almost 46 years he, at first, held the office of a Lutsk under-judge and then of a Lutsk judge. Public activities of the members of the family are analyzed, especially their participation in the socio-religious struggle, which was related to those significant changes that took place in the Commonwealth and particulary in Volhynia. The participation of the Khrinnitskis in the struggle against the introduction of the Brest Union and their partaking in the establishment of fraternities and military expeditions are revealed and presented.The property status of the family during the 16th – first half of the 17th century is analyzed. On the basis of documents, it is proved that members of the family, holding important land offices, started to become rich and actively acquired estates. Profitable marriages with representatives of princely and magnate families also brought them big land holdings. All that contributed to the transition of the family from petty szlachta to a group of a few powerful magnate families.

scholarly journals The Updating in Satir’s Family Therapy Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Neşide Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Perspective Change ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Virginia Satir (1916-1988) is one of the first experts who has worked in the field of family therapy in the United States. In 1951, she was one of the first therapists who has worked all members of the family as a whole in the same session. She has concentrated her studies on issues such as to increase individual's self-esteem and to understand and change other people's perspectives. She has tried to make problematic people compatible in the family and in the society through change. From this perspective, change and adaptation are the two important concepts of her model. This is a state of being and a way to communicate with ourselves and others. High self-confidence and harmony are the first primary indicator of being a more functional human. She starts her studies with identifying the family. She uses two ways to do this; the first one is the chronology of the family that is history of the family, the second one is the communication patterns within the family. With this, she updates the status of the family. Updating is the detection of the current situation. The detection of the situation, in other words updating, constitutes the very essence of the model that she implements. In this study, communication patterns within the family are discussed for the updating, the chronological structure has not been studied. The characteristics of family communication patterns, the model of therapy that is applied by Satir for these patterns and the method which is followed in the model are discussed. According to her detection, the people who face with problems, use one of those four patterns or a combination of them. These communication patterns are Blamer, Sedative/Accepting, distracter/irrelevant and rational. Satir expresses that these four patterns are not solid and unchanging but all of them “can be converted”. For example, if one of the family members is usually using the soothing (sedative/accepting) pattern, in this case, it means that he/she wants to give the message that he/she is not very important in the inner world of the individual itself. However, if such a communication pattern is to be used repeatedly by an individual, he/she must know how to use it. According to Satir, this consciousness may be converted to a conscious gentleness and sensitivity that is automatically followed to please everyone. This study was carried out by using the copy of Satir’s book, which was originally called “The Conjoint Family Therapy” and translated into Turkish by Selim Ali Yeniçeri as “Basic Family Therapy” and published in Istanbul by Beyaz Yayınları in 2016. It is expected that the study will provide support to the education of the students and family therapists.

scholarly journals New perspectives on the evolution of the genus Typhlatya (Crustacea, Decapoda): first record of a cavernicolous atyid in the Iberian Peninsula, Typhlatya miravetensis n. sp.

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Sebastián Sanz ◽  
Dirk Platvoet
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
First Record ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
A New Species

On several occasions, shrimps belonging to a new species of the genus Typhlatya were collected in a cave in the province of Castellón, Spain. This is the first record of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula. The species is described and the validity, distribution, and zoogeography of the genus, as well as the status of the genus Spelaeocaris, are discussed. Former models for the evolution of the genus Typhlatya and its genus group are reviewed, as well as the system of inner classification of the Atyidae and its biogeographical meaning. For the age and evolution of the genus we developed a new model based on vicariance principles that involves further evolution of each species after the disruption of the ancestral range. This allows new estimations for the age of the genus. Accordingly, we suppose that other proposals, such as recent dispersal through the sea, should be disregarded for this genus. The evolutionary development of this species is discussed in the context of the geological history of the area and the world distribution of the genus, the genus group, and the family.

scholarly journals The Status of Women in a Socialist Order: Czechoslovakia, 1948-1978

Slavic Review ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Wolchik
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
World War ◽  
The Family ◽  
Working People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Second World ◽  
Status Of Women

All citizens shall have equal rights and equal duties. Men and women shall have equal status in the family, at work and in public activity. The society of the working people shall ensure the equality of all citizens by creating equal possibilities and equal opportunities in all fields of public life.ČSSR Constitution, Article 20When we Communist women protested against the disbanding of the women's organization, we were informed that we had equality. That we were equal, happy, joyful, and content, and that, therefore, our problem was solved.Woman Delegate to the Prague Conferenceof District Party Officials, May 1968When Communist elites came to power in Czechoslovakia at the end of the Second World War, they attempted to create a new social and political order. As part of this process, efforts were made to improve the status of women and to incorporate them as full participants in a socialist society.

scholarly journals Stanley Melbourne Bruce - Viscount Bruce of Melbourne, 1883-1967

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
Preparatory School ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

The public life of Stanley Melbourne Bruce, Prime Minister of Australia, a Viscount of the United Kingdom, a Fellow of the Royal Society, was one of the most paradoxical in the history of his native country. Bruce was born in Melbourne on 15 April 1883, of a well-to-do mercantile family. 1893 saw the collapse of a great land boom, the failure of some banks and an acute general depression. The family business, Paterson, Laing and Bruce, was in difficulties. Stanley Bruce’s father sold his mansion in the fashionable suburb of Toorak. Stanley himself had to leave his preparatory school—the fees were not available. His father, who appears to have been a singularly determined man, then proceeded to restore the fortunes of the business. In 1896 the young Stanley went to the well-known Melbourne Grammar School, where he was a most successful all-round student. It has been given to few boys at a great school to be not only captain of football, of cricket, of athletics, and of rowing, but also Senior Prefect (i.e. Captain) of the School.

scholarly journals Stolen wealth, perpetrators and punishments in Moldova (17th century – early 18th century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 105-129
Author(s):  
Cătălina Chelcu
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Blood Money ◽  
Early 18Th Century

For the historical period we refer to, no proper inventories have been made containing the unjustly appropriated goods. They are just mentioned as such or listed, if that was the case, according to the size of the damage. There are also documentary sources in which the object of the theft is less represented, the justice system focusing in those cases rather on the wrongdoers, than on the wrong actions. That is why, the blood money “paid for some reason”, with no other specific details, is quite frequently cited. Rare or frequent, these documents are complaints addressed by the victim to the Prince and his officials, documents in which the perpetrators admitted their fault, or deeds issued by the judicial authority subsequent to the investigation of the criminal act. In discussing the theft of/from the wealth, i.e. from the whole amount of the available goods, we are interested in clarifying some aspects pertaining to a reality that the historian should reconstruct, with all the complexity of its evolution: the motivations of the theft and its circumstances, the types of theft, the social categories involved, the time and space of the misdemeanour, the perpetrators’ punishment. Briefly, the study is about starting to write a history of the reprehensible acts liable to punishments for theft and robbery in 17th and early 18th century Moldavia.

scholarly journals Entre o ofício e a amizade: o discurso epistolar do vice-rei 2° Marquês do Lavradio no século XVIII (Between official and friendship: the epistolary speech of the Viceroy, 2nd Marquis of Lavradio in the 18th...)

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (25) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Adriana Angelita da Conceição
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Para a efetivação do governo ultramarino, as práticas de escrita tornaram-se inerentes ao exercício do mando no período moderno. A massa documental produzida pelo império luso-brasileiro é formada por distintas tipologias documentais de ordem político-administrativa, jurídica, econômica e também sociocultural. Entre esses papéis as cartas ocuparam um lugar de destaque, considerando os usos nos espaços da vida pública e particular. A partir desse contexto, este artigo se ocupará da escrita epistolar de D. Luís de Almeida, 2º Marquês do Lavradio, vice-rei do Estado do Brasil de 1769 a 1779. O objetivo será problematizar a prática discursiva de amizade e de ofício de Lavradio em um momento específico de sua passagem pela América: o recebimento da nomeação ao cargo de vice-rei, quando ainda governava a capitania da Bahia (1768-1769). Para isso, selecionamos três missivas: uma de amizade enviada ao tio, Tomas de Almeida, e duas – uma de ofício e outra de amizade – destinadas ao secretário de Estado da Marinha e Ultramar, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado. A seleção de cartas será analisada por meio dos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos apresentados pela história social da Cultura Escrita, ao problematizar a carta não apenas como fonte de informação, mas objeto de análise.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>For the realization of the overseas government the script practices became inherent in the exercise of power in the modern period. The documental mass produced by the Portuguese-Brazilian Empire is made up of different documentary types of political-administrative, legal, economic, and also social and cultural category. Among these papers the letters occupied a prominent place considering the uses in the areas of private and public life. Thus, this article shall deal with the epistolary script of D. Luís de Almeida, 2<sup>nd</sup> Marquis of Lavradio, and Viceroy of Brazilian State from 1769 to 1779. The goal is to discuss the discursive practice of friendship and official of Lavradio at a specific time of his passage through America: receiving the appointment to the post of vice-king, while the captaincy of Bahia (1768-1769) still ruled. For this we selected three letters: one of friendship sent to the uncle, Tomas de Almeida, and two – one official and another of friendship – for the Staff of Navy and Overseas Secretary, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado. Thus, the selection of letters shall be analyzed by means of the theoretical and methodological assumptions presented by social history of Script Culture, when discussing the letter not only as a source of information, but also as an object of analysis.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Correspondence; Portuguese-Brazilian Empire; Viceroy; 2<sup>nd</sup> Marquis of Lavradio.</p>

The evolution of consonant mutation and noun class marking in Wolof

Diachronica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. M. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Noun Classes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Noun Class ◽  
Original Class ◽  
Class Assignment

Abstract This paper analyzes the origins and evolution of the Wolof (Atlantic: Senegal) consonant mutation and noun class marking systems. I attribute Wolof mutation to the earlier presence of CV(C)- class prefixes on nouns, the (usually final) consonants of which fused with the following root-initial consonant to yield the modern mutation alternations. I reconstruct these original class prefixes using newly-proposed internal and comparative evidence, drawing on early documentary sources dating from the late 17th century. An understanding of the history of Wolof mutation allows for a better account of the synchronic system, in which mutation is triggered by specific noun classes rather than sporadically marking deverbal derivation. This study contributes to the broader understanding of how consonant mutation systems emerge and evolve, and of phonological considerations in noun class assignment.

The Family and the History of Public Life

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Lublin Union in the context of narrative minimalism and legal historical contents in the end of 16th – the first half of 17th century

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
V. V. Halubovich
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Public Law ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Grand Duchy

The article analyzes the information about Lublin 1569 Union from the narrative and documentary sources that date back to the reign of the first monarchs of Vasa dynasty. The author defines main contexts of the term «union» use in the sejm constitutions and documentation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania congresses. The direct correlation between the estimates of the Union at different levels of state representative institutions of the Commonwealth is revealed. The Lublin Sejm of 1569 was a key event in the history of Eastern Europe, but in the historical works (chronicles and annals) of the second half of 16th – early 17th century information about it and its decisions are concise and general. At the end of 16th – the first half of 17th century the memory of Lublin Union was not mainly broadcast by narrative channels. In keeping the memory about 1569 events legal deeds and state institutions decisions were of considerable importance. The result of the state union with Poland was the approval of the public law standards that could not be ignored by any representative of the so-called political people of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the following centuries. The author maintains that as a whole the Grand Duchy of Lithuania gentry did not question the correctness of the 1569 choice, took and defended «Lublin myth», as under those conditions it had more benefits than losses.

scholarly journals Court Practice in Family Disputes: Problems of Discretion on the Verge of Law-Making

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Tarusina
Keyword(s):  
Family Law ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Law Making ◽  
Court Practice

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems connected with the law-making function of court practice in family disputes. The history of this function, which is not one of the classic types of judicial activity, has several factors: paticularities of family legal relations, situational nature of the majority of family law norms as a key prerequisite for broad judicial discretion in its various forms — concretization, interpretation, subsidiary application of the legislation, application of analogy, conflict resolution that in some cases can be qualified as legal stances of normative type. As an illustration, the provisions of a number of current rulings of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on family matters are offered.It is noted that the purpose of the rule-making approaches applied in the court practice involve primarily considerations of fairness in relation to expediency. At the same time, firstly, the criteria for choosing situations for the formation of a trend towards a fair resolution of family disputes of a certain category are not quite clear; secondly, the legal approaches under consideration do not exclude a direct conflict with the family law; thirdly, they remain in the status of recommendations for decades instead of being modified within a reasonable time and transformed into an improved family legislation.The author associates himself with the scholars who consider it necessary, if judicial law-making is inevitable, to regulate its grounds, criteria and procedure directly via civil procedural and/or other laws.

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