scholarly journals Recent developments with methyl isonicotinate a semiochemical used in thrips pest management

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 287-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
N.B. Perry ◽  
M-C. Nielsen ◽  
R.W.H.M. Van_Tol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Methyl isonicotinate is one of several recently discovered and patented semiochemicals used in thrips pest management Methyl isonicotinate is the current active ingredient of LUREMTR (Koppert Biological Systems) and FROC and THSP (PHEROBANK) These lures are mostly used in Europe but there are plans for the release of these or similar products in Australasia in the near future Field and glasshouse trapping experiments and wind tunnel and Ytube olfactometer studies in several countries have shown that methyl isonicotinate has activity against at least 10 thrips species including several important pest species not found in New Zealand Methyl isonicotinate in LUREMTR FROC and THSP is primarily used as a lure with coloured sticky traps for enhanced monitoring of thrips in greenhouses Recent research indicates that methyl isonicotinate has the potential to be used for other thrips management strategies such as mass trapping lure and kill lure and infect and as a behavioural synergist in conjunction with insecticides in a range of indoor and outdoor crops

Methyl isonicotinate – a non-pheromone thrips semiochemical – and its potential for pest management

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
N.B. Perry ◽  
M.-C. Nielsen ◽  
C. Castañé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

AbstractMethyl isonicotinate is one of several patented 4-pyridyl carbonyl compounds being investigated for a variety of uses in thrips pest management. It is probably the most extensively studied thrips non-pheromone semiochemical, with field and glasshouse trapping experiments, and wind tunnel and Y-tube olfactometer studies in several countries demonstrating a behavioural response that results in increased trap capture of at least 12 thrips species, including the cosmopolitan virus vectors such as western flower thrips and onion thrips. Methyl isonicotinate has several of the characteristics that are required for an effective semiochemical tool and is being mainly used as a lure in combination with coloured sticky traps for enhanced monitoring of thrips in greenhouses. Research indicates that this non-pheromone semiochemical has the potential to be used for other thrips management strategies such as mass trapping, lure and kill, lure and infect, and as a behavioural synergist in conjunction with insecticides, in a range of indoor and outdoor crops.

scholarly journals Considerations for Insect Learning in Integrated Pest Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M Little ◽  
Thomas W Chapman ◽  
N Kirk Hillier
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Insect Learning ◽  
Local Ecosystem ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Control Insect

AbstractThe past 100 yr have seen dramatic philosophical shifts in our approach to controlling or managing pest species. The introduction of integrated pest management in the 1970s resulted in the incorporation of biological and behavioral approaches to preserve ecosystems and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. Increased understanding of the local ecosystem, including its structure and the biology of its species, can improve efficacy of integrated pest management strategies. Pest management strategies incorporating insect learning paradigms to control insect pests or to use insects to control other pests can mediate risk to nontarget insects, including pollinators. Although our understanding of insect learning is in its early stages, efforts to integrate insect learning into pest management strategies have been promising. Due to considerable differences in cognitive abilities among insect species, a case-by-case assessment is needed for each potential application of insect learning within a pest management strategy.

scholarly journals Interaction of Cultural, Biological, and Varietal Controls for Management of Stalk Borers in Louisiana Sugarcane

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Reagan ◽  
Megan M. Mulcahy
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Management Paradigms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mexican Rice Borer ◽  
New Pest

Diatraea saccharalis F is considered the most important pest of sugarcane in the United States. This article focuses on the history of pest management as it relates to the control of this stem borer in Louisiana sugarcane, and how control practices have become more in tune with integrated pest management paradigms. Various pest management strategies are employed against D. saccharalis and the interactions between each of these provide farmers with the tools needed to curb damaging infestations. However, the invasion of the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), and other confounding environmental factors have presented farmers, consultants, and researchers with new pest management challenges. We address these challenges and provide an overview of ongoing developments, particularly in the Louisiana sugarcane pest management program.

scholarly journals Developing Insect Pest Management Systems for Hemp in the United States: A Work in Progress

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney Cranshaw ◽  
Melissa Schreiner ◽  
Kadie Britt ◽  
Thomas P Kuhar ◽  
John McPartland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Flower Buds

Abstract Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is now being grown within the United States over a much broader geographic area and for different uses than during its last period of significant production that ended after World War II. Within the past 3 yr, a large number of arthropod species have been documented to feed on hemp in the United States. Among key pest species, corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has demonstrated greatest potential for crop injury, being particularly damaging to flower buds. Hemp russet mite, Aculops cannibicola (Farkas), and cannabis aphid, Phorodon cannabis Passerini, are the two species observed most damaging among those that suck plant fluids. Eurasian hemp borer, Grapholita delineana Walker, is widely present east of the Rocky Mountains and appears to have potential to significantly damage both flower buds and developing seeds. Numerous species of caterpillars, grasshoppers, and beetles chew hemp foliage; the severity of these defoliation injuries appears to be minimal, but needs further study. Similarly, numerous seed feeding hemipterans, most notably stink bugs and Lygus bugs, are regularly found in the crop but injury potential remains unclear. Some preliminary efforts have been made to develop integrated pest management strategies for these insects, particularly for corn earworm. Future research can be expected to rapidly resolve many of the data gaps that presently restrict advancing pest management on the crop. However, a major confounding issue involves the use of pesticides on hemp. Federal agencies have not yet provided clear direction on this issue, and regulatory decisions have subsequently devolved to the states.

scholarly journals The aggregation pheromones of thrips (Thysanoptera) and their potential for pest management

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. J. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Thrips Palmi

AbstractAggregation pheromones have been identified and tested in the field forFrankliniella occidentalisandThrips palmi. These pheromones are produced by adult males and attract both males and females. They are likely to be widespread across the Thripidae and identification is in progress for several other pest species. Aggregation pheromones are used commercially for monitoring and activation. Field trials have shown they can be cost effective for mass trapping when used as part of an integrated pest management (IPM) programme. Use for other approaches, such as lure and kill and mating disruption have not yet been tested. A better understanding of the role of these pheromones in the mating behaviour of thrips is needed and this may suggest further ways of developing their potential for pest management.

Ecologically based rodent management in Africa: potential and challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhodes H. Makundi ◽  
Apia W. Massawe
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Habitat Manipulation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Late Control

Rodent management in agriculture remains a major challenge in developing countries where resource-poor farmers are ill equipped to deal with pest species. It is compounded by unpredictable outbreaks, late control actions, lack of/or inadequate expert interventions, expensive rodenticides and other factors. Ecologically based rodent management (EBRM) is recommended as the way forward for rodent management in Africa. EBRM relies on understanding the ecology of pest species and formulating this knowledge into management programs. The present paper evaluates the potential for establishing EBRM in Africa and the challenges that have to be overcome to implement it. The major constraints for establishing EBRM in Africa include the absence of key studies on the taxonomy and ecology of rodents, inadequate research on EBRM, lack of knowledge by farmers on available technologies and agricultural policies that are unfavourable. The development of EBRM and its success in Asia is a strong encouragement to African scientists to develop similar management strategies for the most important pest species such as the multimammate rats, Mastomys natalensis. EBRM initiatives such as the Development of Ecologically Based Rodent Management for the Southern Africa Region (ECORAT) project undertook studies on e.g. rodent ecology, taxonomy, knowledge, attitude and practices and rodent–human interactions in rural agricultural communities. Through this project, EBRM interventions were introduced in Tanzania, Swaziland and Namibia to provide solutions to local rodent-pest problems. Intervention actions including community-based intensive trapping of rodents, habitat manipulation and sanitary measures demonstrated that the impacts of rodents on communities could be drastically reduced. EBRM programs in Africa must address how to change attitudes of target communities, building scientific capacity, implanting rodent-management skills by translating the developed technologies and strategies into simple understandable and easy-to-implement actions and influencing policy makers to accept the concepts and practices to be introduced. Further, we need to demonstrate that EBRM is economically feasible and sustainable and that through community participation, EBRM will become deeply rooted in those communities.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Sex Pheromone Mass Trapping Technology for Ectropis grisescens: A Potential Integrated Pest Management Strategy

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongxiu Luo ◽  
Fida Hussain Magsi ◽  
Zhaoqun Li ◽  
Xiaoming Cai ◽  
Lei Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Lower Population ◽  
Lower Population Density

Since the identification of the Ectropis grisescens sex pheromone, no effective control technology based on this pheromone has yet been developed and evaluated. In this study, pheromone proportion and dosage, sustained-release dispensers, and pheromone lure-matched traps were optimized. The mass trapping technology developed with the above optimized parameters was tested in a field trial. The results show that two compounds, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-octadecatriene and (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-octadecadiene, at a ratio of 30:70 and impregnated into rubber septa at 1 mg, were the most attractive to male moths. These compounds provided the best performance when combined with a sticky wing trap. Adult male moth monitoring data showed that there was a lower population density in the trapping plot compared with the control plot, and there was a clear difference during the peak adult occurrence of the first five insect generations in 2017. The effect of mass trapping on the larva population was investigated in 2018; the control efficiency reached 49.27% after trapping of one generation of adults and was further reduced to 67.16% after two successive adult moth generations, compared with the control plot. The results of the present study provide a scientific basis for the establishment of sex pheromone-based integrated pest management strategies.

Recent developments in automated Transmission Electron MI

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
W.J. de Ruijter ◽  
P. Rez ◽  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Computer Image ◽  
Lens Design ◽  
Computer Image Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
On Line ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
Near Future

There is growing interest in the on-line use of computers in high-resolution electron n which should reduce the demands on highly skilled operators and thereby extend the r of the technique. An on-line computer could obviously perform routine procedures hand, or else facilitate automation of various restoration, reconstruction and enhan These techniques are slow and cumbersome at present because of the need for cai micrographs and off-line processing. In low resolution microscopy (most biologic; primary incentive for automation and computer image analysis is to create a instrument, with standard programmed procedures. In HREM (materials researc computer image analysis should lead to better utilization of the microscope. Instru (improved lens design and higher accelerating voltages) have improved the interpretab the level of atomic dimensions (approximately 1.6 Å) and instrumental resolutior should become feasible in the near future.

Soil Nitrogen Movement under Sustainable Vegetable Production Systems

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 494f-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Johnson ◽  
Greg D. Hoyt
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Available Nitrogen

An experiment was established to determine the effect of different tillage practices, vegetable crop rotations, and pest management strategies on crop yield, plant diseases, pest and beneficial arthropods, weed species changes over time, and soil environmental consequences. This poster describes nitrogen movement from the various treatments over a 3-year rotation. The treatments are: 1) conventional tillage with chemically based IPM; 2) conventional tillage with biologically based IPM; 3) conservation tillage with chemically based IPM; 4) conservation tillage with biologically based IPM; and 5) conventional tillage with no fertilizer or pest management. Mid-season soil analyses with depth showed chemical-fertilized plowed and conservation-tilled treatments with more soil available nitrogen at most depths compared to the biological-based IPM systems (soybean meal was used as a nitrogen source). However, the biological-based systems did supply enough soil nitrogen to produce similar yield results as the chemical-based systems. Less soil nitrate was measured in the 30- to 90-cm depths at harvest from the biological-based systems than chemical-based systems. Conservation-tilled systems had greater nitrate with depth compared to conventional-tilled systems.

Organic Reactivity Control by Means of Neighboring Groups and Organometallics. A Personal Account

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kočovský
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Cyclopropane Ring ◽  
Allylic Substitutions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cardioactive Drug ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Electrophilic Additions ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time

This review summarizes the main topics of our research and covers the period of the last 15 years. The prime interest is focused on various ways of controlling the regio- and stereoselectivity of selected organic reactions, in particular electrophilic additions, cleavage of cyclopropane rings, and allylic substitutions by means of neighboring groups and/or transition and non-transition metals. In the first part, the factors governing the course of electrophilic additions are assessed, culminating in the formulation of selection rules for the reactivity of cyclohexene systems, and in a concise synthesis of the natural cardioactive drug, strophanthidin. These studies also contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of electrophilic additions. The second part describes recent developments in the stereo- and regiocontrolled cleavage of cyclopropane rings by non-transition metals (Tl and Hg), and the reactivity and transmetalation (with Pd) of the primary products. This methodology has resulted in novel routes to unique polycyclic structures, and will have synthetic applications in the near future. Evidence for the stereospecific "corner" cleavage of the cyclopropane ring has been provided for the first time for Tl and later for Hg. The third part deals with transition metal-catalyzed allylic substitution. Evidence for a new "syn" mechanism for the formation of the intermediate (π-allyl)palladium complex has been provided, which runs counter to the generally accepted "anti" mechanism. A novel method for a Pd-catalyzed allylic oxidation has been developed and employed in the synthesis of natural sesquiterpenes. The increasing importance of transition and non-transition metals for synthetic organic chemistry is demonstrated by their unique reactivity in a number of the papers included in this review.

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