scholarly journals Survey of insect pests of stored grain in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
R.B. Chapman ◽  
J.W.M. Marris ◽  
J.B. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Previous Survey ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Storage Facilities

Producers and processors of cereal grains in New Zealand were invited in August 2015 to submit grain samples to allow extraction and identification of any insect pest species present Sixty grain samples were received of which 73 were infested with one or more insect species These were predominantly Coleoptera and Psocoptera The most frequently encountered beetle species were Oryzaephilus surinamensis Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Cortinicara hirtalis The Psocoptera were predominantly unidentified species of Liposcelis Sitophilus species and lepidopteran pests were notable by their absence The proportion of storage facilities infested by insects in this survey (73) was higher than two previous surveys (38 5063) and the proportion of storage facilities treated with insecticides (62) was lower than a previous survey (83)

scholarly journals Insect pests in stored grain: a Canterbury example

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
J.B. Drummond ◽  
J.W.M. Marris ◽  
T. Brooker
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Survey Sampling ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Storage Facilities

Grain samples were collected from storage facilities of cereal grain producers throughout Canterbury, New Zealand to determine levels of insect pest infestation. Collection followed a preliminary survey in 2015/16 where growers were invited to submit grain samples. It was possible that producers were more likely to send samples if they suspected insect infestation. To eliminate any survey sampling bias in the 2016/17 survey, 42 cereal grain producers were randomly selected. Fifty-eight grain samples were collected from 42 storage facilities, of which 77% were infested with one or more insect species. These were predominantly Coleoptera and Psocoptera. The most frequently encountered beetle species were Orzyaephilis surinamensis and Cryptolestes species. In contrast to the 2015/16 survey, a Sitophilus (weevil) species was recorded for the rst time. The proportion of storage facilities infested by insects (77%) was similar to the 2015/16 survey (73%) but higher than two previous surveys in 1971 (38%) and 1979 (50—63%). The proportion of storage facilities treated with insecticides (79%) was similar to the 1979 survey (83%) but greater than the preliminary 2015/16 survey (62%). Results indicate that insect pests of stored grain remain a signi cant risk for grain producers.

scholarly journals A Way Forward to Combat Insect Pest in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
MP Ali ◽  
B Nessa ◽  
MT Khatun ◽  
MU Salam ◽  
MS Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Management Options

The damage caused by insect pest is the continual factor for the reduction of rice production. To date, 232 rice insect pest species are identified in Bangladesh and more than 100 species of insects are considered pests in rice production systems globally, but only about 20 - 33 species can cause significant economic loss. The major goal of this study is to explore all the possible ways of developed and proposed technologies for rice insect pests management and minimize economic losses. Insect pests cause 20% average yield loss in Asia where more than 90% of the world's rice is produced. In Bangladesh, outbreak of several insects such as rice hispa, leafroller, gallmidge, stem borers and brown planthopper (BPH) occurs as severe forms. Based on previous reports, yield loss can reach upto 62% in an outbreak situation due to hispa infestation. However, BPH can cause 44% yield loss in severe infestested field. To overcome the outbreaks in odd years and to keep the loss upto 5%, it is necessary to take some preventive measures such as planting of resistant or tolerant variety, stop insecticide spraying at early establishment of rice, establish early warning and forecasting system, avoid cultivation of susceptible variety and following crop rotation. Subsequent quick management options such as insecticidal treatment for specific insect pest should also be broadcasted through variety of information systems. Advanced genomic tool can be used to develop genetically modified insect and plants for sustainable pest management. In addition, to stipulate farmers not use insecticides at early crop stgae and minimize general annualized loss, some interventions including training rice farmers, regular field monitoring, digitalization in correct insect pests identification and their management (example; BRRI rice doctor mobile app), and demonstration in farmers field. Each technology itself solely or combination of two or more or all the packages can combat the insect pests, save natural enemies, harvest expected yield and contribute to safe food production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rice J. 25 (1) : 1-22, 2021

scholarly journals Evaluation of New Systemic Insecticides for Elm Insect Pest Control

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Casey Sclar ◽  
Whitney S. Cranshaw
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Systemic Activity ◽  
Systemic Insecticides

Abstract Use of systemic insecticides that can be injected either into the root system or trunk of woody plants provides several potential advantages, notably in control of drift during application. Recently, new classes of insecticides with systemic activity have been developed, which may supplant the organophosphate and carbamate systemic insecticides that have previously been available. To evaluate their potential to control insects affecting shade trees, studies were conducted using imidacloprid and abamectin on elm. Soil injections of imidacloprid appeared particularly effective, controlling all three of the target pest species in this study (elm leaf beetle, European elm scale, elm leaf aphid). Both imidacloprid and abamectin also were effective against at least some elm insects when injected into trunks. Persistence of irnidacloprid was unusually long, providing second season control of all elm insect pests, although root uptake following soil injections was slow.

Biosecurity risks of invasive alien insect pest species pathways through shared borders with Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
B.O. Bobadoye ◽  
A.O. Bobadoye
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Border Line ◽  
National Border ◽  
Alien Pest ◽  
Alien Insect

Understanding the biosecurity risks that invasive alien insect pest species currently ravaging forest trees pose is of great importance to forest ecosystems and health. This problem has posed significant challenges to researchers, relevant stakeholders, policy makers and national biosecurity agencies worldwide. This study gives an overview of the top 15 suspected insect pest species most likely to invade or have already invaded forested habitats in order to disrupt ecosystem services and biodiversity within the borders of Nigeria through borderline states (Gombe, Jigawa, Borno, Yobe, Sokoto, Cross River and Lagos). For Nigeria as a whole, all of these top 15 pest species have already established, with identified intra- border line states having no significant effect on severity of invasions ( F1,6=0.07, P=0.910) when compared to identified inter-border line states. This study concludes that the immediate biosecurity risks from already identified invasive insect pests are greater from outside country (inter) borders of Nigeria than within state-to-state (intra) borders of Nigeria. Our findings have potentially significant implications for immediate implementation of national biosecurity forest policy Acts in compliance with Cartagena and Nagoya protocols, emphasizing the need to initiate and implement biosecurity measures simultaneously with any ongoing trans-national border interventions. Keywords: Biosecurity, invasive alien pest species, forests, Nigeria

scholarly journals Modern Stored-Product Insect Pest Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
David William Hagstrum ◽  
Paul Whitney Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
And Control

Abstract Stored-product entomologists have a variety of new monitoring, decision-making, biological, chemical, and physical pest management tools available to them. Two types of stored-product insect populations are of interest: insects of immediate economic importance infesting commodities, and insects that live in food residues in equipment and facilities. The sampling and control methods change as grain and grain products move from field to consumer. There are also some changes in the major insect pest species to take into consideration. In this review, we list the primary insect pests at each point of the marketing system, and indicate which sampling methods and control strategies are most appropriate. Economic thresholds for insect infestation levels developed for raw commodity storage, processing plants, and retail business allow sampling-based pest management to be done before insect infestations cause economic injury. Taking enough samples to have a representative sample (20-30 samples) will generally provide enough information to classify a population as above or below an economic threshold.

scholarly journals Effect of Silicon fertilization on two major insect pests of tomato under greenhouse conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqeel Alyousuf ◽  
Dawood Hamid ◽  
Mohsen A. Desher ◽  
Amin Nikpay ◽  
Henk-Marten Laane
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Tomato Leaf Miner ◽  
Acid Formulation

Abstract Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) is an important vegetable crop in Iraq. This horticultural crop is attacked by several insect pest species. Among them, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) are the major threat of greenhouse tomatoes in Basrah province in south Iraq. The management of these pests is heavily based on application of chemical pesticides. Vast application of pesticides caused harmful damage to the environment, human health and may increasing the risk of pest resistance on insect populations. One of the promising strategies which are compatible with organic farming is application of silicon for enhancing plant vigor and resistance to pest damage on various agricultural crops. Due to these facts, the experiments have been carried out at Basrah University to evaluate the effects of silicon (Si) fertilization on tomato plants for reducing damage of these two major pests. Treatments comprised two type of Si applications (Soil drench treatment and foliar spraying) with four Si concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) of AB Yellow ® silicic acid formulation. The population density of B. tabaci and T. absoluta were studied weekly during the growth season. The results clearly demonstrated that Silicon applications significantly decreased the population of immature of both whiteflies and tomato leaf miner on tomato crop in the greenhouse; Si-Foliar spraying was more effective in reducing the population density of these key pests compared to Si- soil drench application.

scholarly journals Sulphur reduces egglaying in laboratory trials with tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli)

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 386-386
Author(s):  
R. Gardner-Gee
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Assay Design ◽  
Whole Plants

Sulphur is mainly used as a fungicide but is known to have insecticidal properties against some insect pests A series of laboratory studies was conducted to assess its effect on the tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli; TPP) a recently established pest species in New Zealand that transmits the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) Short assays (8805; 24 h) using dipped leaves indicated that fresh sulphur residues had no discernible impact on TPP settlement patterns or onleaf behaviour However longer assays (8805; 72 h) using whole plants indicated that sulphur residues can disrupt egglaying behaviour but the effect was dependent on the assay design In 72 h choice assays TPP laid fewer eggs on plants sprayed with sulphur compared with control plants In nochoice assays sulphur residues did not consistently reduce egglaying Together these results suggest that sulphur may slow the buildup of TPP populations within crops by deterring egglaying However the lack of repellence or antifeeding properties means that sulphur treatments alone may not be sufficient to prevent the transmission of Lso by TPP

scholarly journals A food web approach reveals the vulnerability of biocontrol services by birds and bats to landscape modification at regional scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Herrera ◽  
Bruno Silva ◽  
Gerardo Jiménez-Navarro ◽  
Silvia Barreiro ◽  
Nereida Melguizo-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Landscape Modification ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

AbstractPest control services provided by naturally occurring species (the so-called biocontrol services) are widely recognized to provide key incentives for biodiversity conservation. This is particularly relevant for vertebrate-mediated biocontrol services as many vertebrate species are of conservation concern, with most of their decline associated to landscape modification for agricultural purposes. Yet, we still lack rigorous approaches evaluating landscape-level correlates of biocontrol potential by vertebrates over broad spatial extents to better inform land-use and management decisions. We performed a spatially-explicit interaction-based assessment of potential biocontrol services in Portugal, using 1853 pairwise trophic interactions between 78 flying vertebrate species (birds and bats) and 53 insect pests associated to two widespread and economically valuable crops in the Euro-Mediterranean region, olive groves (Olea europaea subsp. europaea) and vineyards (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera). The study area was framed using 1004 square cells, each 10 × 10 km in size. Potential biocontrol services were determined at all those 10 × 10 km grid-cells in which each crop was present as the proportion of the realized out of all potential pairwise interactions between vertebrates and pests. Landscape correlates of biocontrol potential were also explored. Our work suggests that both birds and bats can effectively provide biocontrol services in olive groves and vineyards as they prey many insect pest species associated to both crops. Moreover, it demonstrates that these potential services are impacted by landscape-scale features and that this impact is consistent when evaluated over broad spatial extents. Thus, biocontrol potential by vertebrates significantly increases with increasing amount of natural area, while decreases with increasing area devoted to target crops, particularly olive groves. Overall, our study highlights the suitability of our interaction-based approach to perform spatially-explicit assessments of potential biocontrol services by vertebrates at local spatial scales and suggest its utility for integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services in conservation planning over broad spatial extents.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and identification of three stored grain pests based on mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Abu Faiz Md Aslam ◽  
Sharmin Sultana ◽  
Faria Farhana Rain ◽  
Sumita Rani Das ◽  
Ayesha Siddika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Stored Grain Pests

Stored grain pests are discovered in food as immature stages, which further complicates the identification process. A DNA barcode dataset of some important pests that can be used for easy and confirm identification in stages of life is constructed. COI genes of three stored grain insect pests i.e,, Sitophilus oryzae, Callosobruchus chinensis and Oryzaephilus surinamensis were sequenced. The sequenced genes were submitted to NCBI GenBank and obtained accession numbers MG967331.1, MG967332.1, MG967333.1 and MK041216.1. BLAST analysis showed 99 to 100% homology with existing GenBank sequences. The nucleotide composition analysis revealed that the value of A+T (64.8%) is greater than G+C (35.2%). Genetic distance among four sequences of three store pests were ranged from 0.00293-0.32807. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these three species are originated from different clades. Haplotype analysis of mitochondrial COI gene of the stored grain insect pests showed high genetic diversity among them. C. chinensis, O. surinamensis and S. oryzae were separated from their common ancestor by 80, 73 and 64 mutational steps. These information may be helpful for attempting any successful control measures against the pest species. In conclusion, present author established the first DNA barcode dataset of three store grain pests and confirmed its efficiency for identifying these pests. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 1-11, 2019

scholarly journals Assessing Storage Insect Pests and Faecal dropping of Rodent in Stored Grains in two districts of Southwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marid Tadesse ◽  
Md Jamshed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Flour Beetles ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Abstract This study was designed to assess major insects and occurrence of rodent infestation in stored grain in two districts of south western Ethiopia. Omo Neda and Bako Tibe districts were purposively selected supported their potential growing of maize and sorghum grain, and high postharvest losses in these selected areas. A total of 160 farmers’ stores from both districts were randomly selected. The grain samples used in the present study were stored for 5 different time periods, ranging from 1 to 5 months and from the same farmers’ stores, to identify storage insect pest and to determine grain weight loss and insect damage. The results showed that the dominant insect species in maize and sorghum grains were weevils (Sitophilus spp.) followed by the Angoumois gelechiid (Sitotroga cerealella Olivier) and flour beetles (Tribolium spp.). High numbers of insects were recorded from both plastered and un-plastered gombisa and polypropylene bags. Additionally, the amount of every insect pest in each storage container recorded per 100 g grain increased because the duration of grain storage increased. There have been 0.33–1.29 and 0.44-1g droppings per 100-g sample of maize and sorghum grain, respectively. Grain damage showed significant differences over the storage periods across the study districts. A similar trend was observed for weight loss for each of the grains in all districts. These results indicated that farmers are incurring a substantial grain loss to insects and rodent pests. Hence, there is an urgent need to devise appropriate tactics for protecting the losses in farm-stored maize and sorghum in Ethiopia.

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