Winter fungicide sprays impact the dynamics of vineyard Botrytis populations

Botrytis populations in vineyards often show seasonal differences. Early season populations tend to be less pathogenic than those at harvest. This change probably reflects differences in competitive ability in winter versus summer conditions. Such a seasonal pattern was observed in a Waipara vineyard from 2008 to 2012. The population at owering was dominated by a Botrytis cinerea low pathogenicity haplotype; the population at harvest was dominated by a high pathogenicity haplotype. Since the 2013/2014 season, there has been a sudden change in this dynamic, with the high pathogenicity haplotype now dominant at both owering and harvest. This change in the seasonal dynamic was confirmed using microsatellite analysis. A possible explanation for the change in behaviour of the Botrytis populations was a change in management practice, with the addition over the past 2-3 seasons of a winter GelSeal spray for control of vascular pathogens. GelSeal is a trizole fungicide effective against Botrytis. The change to the vineyard spray programme may have disrupted the competitive advantage the low-pathogenicity population previously enjoyed over winter. The possible impact of this change on levels of disease will be discussed in relation to similar seasonal changes in European grape powdery mildew populations, where there is a strong relationship between early season populations and disease at harvest.

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Measuring the cost of environmental compliance for Waikato dairy farmers - a survey approach

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.476 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 77 ◽

pp. 159-166

Author(s):

T.O.R. Macdonald ◽

J.S. Rowarth ◽

F.G. Scrimgeour

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Data ◽

Management Practice ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Environmental Compliance ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

The Past ◽

Farm Systems ◽

The Cost ◽

Farm System ◽

Survey Approach

The link between dairy farm systems and cost of environmental compliance is not always clear. A survey of Waikato dairy farmers was conducted to establish the real (non-modelled) cost of compliance with environmental regulation in the region. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered to improve understanding of compliance costs and implementation issues for a range of Waikato farm systems. The average oneoff capital cost of compliance determined through a survey approach was $1.02 per kg milksolids, $1490 per hectare and $403 per cow. Costs experienced by Waikato farmers have exceeded average economic farm surplus for the region in the past 5 years. As regulation increases there are efficiencies to be gained through implementing farm infrastructure and farm management practice to best match farm system intensity. Keywords: Dairy, compliance, farm systems, nitrogen, Waikato

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A Review of Medical Waste Management in South Africa

Open Environmental Sciences ◽

10.2174/1876325101810010034 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 34-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olaniyi FC ◽

Ogola JS ◽

Tshitangano TG

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Waste Management ◽

South African ◽

Management Practice ◽

National Policy ◽

Medical Waste ◽

African Government ◽

The Past ◽

Government Documents ◽

Medical Waste Management

Background:Poor medical waste management has been implicated in an increase in the number of epidemics and waste-related diseases in the past years. South Africa is resource-constrained in the management of medical waste.Objectives:A review of studies regarding medical waste management in South Africa in the past decade was undertaken to explore the practices of medical waste management and the challenges being faced by stakeholders.Method:Published articles, South African government documents, reports of hospital surveys, unpublished theses and dissertations were consulted, analysed and synthesised. The studies employed quantitative, qualitative and mixed research methods and documented comparable results from all provinces.Results:The absence of a national policy to guide the medical waste management practice in the provinces was identified as the principal problem. Poor practices were reported across the country from the point of medical waste generation to disposal, as well as non-enforcement of guidelines in the provinces where they exit. The authorized disposal sites nationally are currently unable to cope with the enormous amount of the medical waste being generated and illegal dumping of the waste in unapproved sites have been reported. The challenges range from lack of adequate facilities for temporary storage of waste to final disposal.Conclusion:These challenges must be addressed and the practices corrected to forestall the adverse effects of poorly managed medical waste on the country. There is a need to develop a medical waste policy to assist in the management of such waste.

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The CSR Performance and Earning Management Practice on the Market Value of Conventional Banks in Indonesia

Global Challenges and Strategic Disruptors in Asian Businesses and Economies - Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-4787-8.ch012 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 196-213

Author(s):

Saarce Elsye Hatane ◽

Amadea Nathania Pranoto ◽

Josua Tarigan ◽

Josephine Alexandra Susilo ◽

Ang Jonathan Christianto

Keyword(s):

Earnings Management ◽

Financial Management ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Management Practice ◽

Market Value ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Dynamic Panel Data ◽

Method Of Moment ◽

Strategic Investment ◽

Conventional Banks

This study examined the effect of the components of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings management on market value, measured using Tobin's Q. CSR is measured by using KLD Index, while earnings management used discretionary loan loss provision. The GMM-SYS (generalized method of moment system) dynamic panel data method is employed to examine the research framework on conventional banks listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Among six components in CSR disclosures, only corporate governance, environmental and product disclosures are favorable for bank's market value. Furthermore, earnings management had a positive impact on market value. Empirical result indicated that CSR functions as a part of bank strategic moves in order to survive the highly dynamical business environment. Since CSR inflicts additional costs for the company, they must perform CSR efficiently while maintaining a strong relationship with shareholders. This study contributes to CSR and financial management literature by finding the nature of CSR effects as future strategic investment.

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Epidemic waves of cholera in the last two decades in Mozambique

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.6943 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (06) ◽

pp. 635-641 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

José Paulo Langa ◽

Cynthia Sema ◽

Nilsa De Deus ◽

Mauro Maria Colombo ◽

Elisa Taviani

Keyword(s):

Causative Agent ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Endemic Area ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

African Countries ◽

The Past ◽

Pandemic Strains ◽

Genetic Profiles ◽

Reference Strains

Introduction: Africa is increasingly affected by cholera. In Mozambique, cholera appeared in the early 1970s when the seventh pandemic entered Africa from the Indian subcontinent. In the following decades, several epidemics were registered in the country, the 1997–1999 epidemic being the most extended. Since then, Mozambique has been considered an endemic area for cholera, characterized by yearly outbreaks occurring with a seasonal pattern.. At least three pandemic variants are thought to have originated in the Indian subcontinent and spread worldwide at different times. To understand the epidemiology of cholera in Mozambique, whether the disease re-emerges periodically or is imported by different routes of transmission, we investigated clinical V. cholerae O1 isolated during 1997–1999 and 2012–2014 epidemics. Methodology: By detecting and characterizing seven genetic elements, the mobilome profile of each isolate was obtained. By comparing it to known seventh pandemic reference strains, it was possible to discern among different V. cholerae O1 variants active in the country. Results: During 1997–1999, epidemic strains showed two different genetic profiles, both related to a pandemic clone that originated from India and was reported in other African countries in the 1990s. Isolates from 2012–2014 outbreaks showed a genetic background related to the pandemic strains currently active as the prevalent causative agent of cholera worldwide. Conclusions: Despite cholera being endemic in Mozambique, the epidemiology of the disease in the past 20 years has been strongly influenced by the cholera seventh pandemic waves that originated in the Indian subcontinent.

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Researchers in Ghana identify specific factors that “provide the seedbed for institutionalized bullying” in universities

Human Resource Management International Digest ◽

10.1108/hrmid-01-2021-0009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Individual Factors ◽

Management Behavior ◽

Content Type ◽

State Sector ◽

The Past ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Different Dimensions

Purpose The authors decided to study the causes of coercive management behavior (CMB) in universities because this area has been neglected in the past. There has been a lot of research into CMB in profit-oriented organizations, but it has been assumed that universities were unaffected. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted at 10 universities, five from the private sector and five from the state sector out of the 100 accredited Ghanaian universities. The authors sent out 405 questionnaires and 371 were returned. Findings The results showed a strong relationship between specific causes and different dimensions of CMB. The authors said their analysis identified specific factors that “provide the seedbed for institutionalized bullying”. Originality/value The authors said the research provides the basis for designing policies for employees at any organization. A one-size-fits-all approach was not always appropriate, however, and their identification of the role of individual factors could help universities find their own solutions.

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Challenges Related to Pipeline Free Spans in Watercourse Crossings

ASME-ARPEL 2021 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference ◽

10.1115/ipg2021-65070 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mario Caruso ◽

Gerry Ferris ◽

Hans Olav Heggen ◽

Burke Delanty

Keyword(s):

Management Practice ◽

Economic Loss ◽

The Past ◽

Repair Costs ◽

Vortex Induced Vibrations ◽

River Erosion ◽

Liquid Products ◽

Integrity Management ◽

Erosion Mechanisms ◽

Pipeline Failures

Abstract Free span assessment in watercourse crossings for the on-shore pipeline industry has become a more and more important part of pipeline integrity practice. One reason is that it has become increasingly well known that the dominant cause of pipeline failures in watercourse crossings is fatigue failure due to vortex induced vibrations at pipeline free spans. Recognition of this is now being identified in industry recommended practices and owners are incorporating this type of assessment into their pipeline integrity management practice. On shore pipelines are not designed with an allowable free span as is the practice with off-shore pipelines, but are buried. Design codes specify minimum depths of cover when constructed and indicate that pipelines should be maintained so that no excessive loads occur. In the past the no excessive loads requirement has been interpreted that the pipeline must remained buried. As experience from the off-shore environment and increasingly from experience on-shore has shown that most exposed and/or free spans do not fail. Due to various river erosion mechanisms; scour, bank erosion or avulsion, previously buried pipelines do develop free spans. Some of the free spans fail and release products directly into the watercourse. Failures, particularly for liquid products, are very expensive due to the economic loss, repair costs and environment clean-up of the watercourse and its banks. Similarly, costs associated with pipeline replacement for free spanning pipelines or repair of pipelines that might develop free spans are relatively high. It is important to develop an understanding of the probability of the pipeline failing due to a free span, or put another way, determine which free span is a threat to integrity. This paper discusses some of the challenges with assessing free spans in watercourse crossings as part of integrity programs and highlights experiences in assessing this threat to integrity. The objective of this paper is to discuss some of the key uncertainties related to the management of the threat due to free spans. These uncertainties are due to the reliability of information about the free span, water velocity and condition of the pipelines.

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Effect Of Agrotechnical Measures And Varieties On Seasonal Dynamics Of Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari, Trombidiformes, Tetranychidae) On High Tunnel-Cultivated Garden Strawberries

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1515/prolas-2015-0005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (1-2) ◽

pp. 45-49

Author(s):

Ineta Salmane

Keyword(s):

Tetranychus Urticae ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Plant Cover ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Early Season ◽

High Tunnel ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Two Spotted Spider Mite

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the seasonal pattern of two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on strawberries cultivated in polythene-covered high tunnels in temperate climatic conditions. Various cultivars were used and the effect of modification of plant covering indices on abundance and incidence of these mites was also tested. The number of two-spotted spider mites was relatively low at the beginning of the vegetation season and started to increase when average air temperature rose above 20 to 25 °C. In the experiment two types of tunnels differing in additional plant cover were used. The maximum mite abundance did not significantly vary between varieties in tunnel 1 conditions, but it was significantly lower for variety 'Sonata' in tunnel 2 conditions. Mite numbers significantly declined after strawberry foliage mowing and removal of polythene cover. Mite development was prolonged in tunnel 1, where additional cover of plants was used and higher early season air temperature was recorded in comparison to tunnel 2. It was concluded that increase in early season temperature can increase two-spotted spider mite abundance and have a more negative effect on strawberry plants in respect of foliage damage by mites.

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Oil Spill Detection and Mapping: A 50-Year Bibliometric Analysis

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12213647 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 3647

Author(s):

Rodrigo N. Vasconcelos ◽

André T. Cunha Lima ◽

Carlos A. D. Lentini ◽

Garcia V. Miranda ◽

Luís F. Mendonça ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

The United States ◽

Point Of View ◽

Technological Evolution ◽

New Approach ◽

Oil Spill Detection ◽

The Past ◽

Access Information

Oil spill detection and mapping (OSPM) is an extremely relevant issue from a scientific point of view due to the environmental impact on coastal and marine ecosystems. In this study, we present a new approach to assess scientific literature for the past 50 years. In this sense, our study aims to perform a bibliometric and network analysis using a literature review on the application of OSPM to assess researchers and trends in this field of science. In methodological terms we used the Scopus base to search for articles in the literature, then we used bibliometric tools to access information and reveal quantifying patterns in this field of literature. Our results suggest that the detection of oil in the sea has undergone a great evolution in the last decades and there is a strong relationship between the technological evolution aimed at detection with the improvement of remote sensing data acquisition methods. The most relevant contributions in this field of science involved countries such as China, the United States, and Canada. We revealed aspects of great importance and interest in OSPM literature using a bibliometric and network approach to give a clear overview of this field’s research trends.

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Inclusiveness of the ‘Othered’ in Tourism

Cosmopolitan Civil Societies An Interdisciplinary Journal ◽

10.5130/ccs.v3i2.1585 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 55-71

Author(s):

Stephen Wearing ◽

Simon Darcy

Keyword(s):

Management Practice ◽

Social Sustainability ◽

Host Community ◽

The Past ◽

Tourism Management ◽

Multiple Contexts ◽

Visitor Experiences ◽

Good Management Practice ◽

Tourism Enterprises ◽

Global Values

This paper highlights that tourism, due to the fact it is a multi-faceted activity and by implication its management has similar multiple contexts, often leads to the exclusion of many who are part of that tourism context. One area that has been left on the fringes of tourism is how contemporary tourism management has “othered” those regarded as being removed from the neoliberal business foundation of tourism. One such group is the host communities in developing countries. The failure to involve and engage with host communities and develop collaboration in the process of planning and management for tourism is and has in the past been detrimental to the sustainability of tourism. In many cases, host communities have been ignored by the industry, with few or no mechanisms or processes put in place to enable them to participate in the management of tourism. This paper presents an overview of how this engagement of host communities can expand the market for tourism and lead to more satisfying visitor experiences, enhance the sustainability of these experiences and, thus, be considered good management practice within the industry. The paper examines how to engage in these practices and create processes that are both enabling for communities and incorporate research techniques that move beyond the very limited monocultural attempts undertaken by the majority of tourism enterprises today. In widening the involvement of the host community, we turn to mechanisms for engagement to provide a platform to demonstrate how this can be done to provide better management practice. In doing so, we extend the scope of engagement to involve those previously considered to be outside of mainstream tourism enterprises, and present an argument that, if sustainability is to move beyond economic and environmental Western constructs to embrace social sustainability, changing global values require tourism management to adopt more inclusive ways of practice and management principles.

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