scholarly journals Importance of time in traditional medicine: a case of three plants use of Togolese pharmacopoeia

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Eli E. FRANCK ◽  
◽  
Wouyo ATAKPAMA ◽  
Tchadjobo TCHACONDO ◽  
Komlan BATAWILA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Consensus Values ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The effectiveness of folk medicine has been demonstrated by several studies. However, the chrono-toxicological aspect is barely addressed. Objective. The present study, conducted in the region of Kara in Togo, assessed the importance of the factor "time" in the use of 3 plants commonly used in traditional pharmacopoeia: Sarcocephalus latifolius, Jatropha multifida, and Blighia sapida. Material and methods. The methodology was based on ethnobotanical surveys, semi-structured individual interviews of 36 traditional healers using the three plants. Analysis of these data was based on consensus values (CV), and use values (UV). A chrono-toxicological assessment of their hydro-alcoholic extracts permitted to determine the impact of administration time on liver and kidney of Swiss albinos mice male. Results. The most used organs by traditional healers were roots (UV=0.62) for S. latifolius, bark (UV=0.53) for B. sapida, and leaves (0.66) for J. multifida. Malaria was the most treated disease with S. latifolius (CV=0.44), and J. multifida (CV=0.5). Haemorrhoid was cured with B. sapida (CV=0.28). Plant parts were harvested mainly in the morning (VC≥ 0.55). The most recommended dosing period was morning - evening for S. latifolius (VC=0.70), and B. sapida (VC=0.70), and only in the morning for J. multifida (VC=0.50). The hydro-alcoholic extracts administration of S. latifolius at 12H increased significantly mice liver weight. There was also a significant increase in liver weight in mice treated morning and evening by a hydro-alcoholic extract of J. multifida. Conclusion. Checking account of harvest time, and/or administration of phytomedicines will contribute to improve significantly the effectiveness of traditional medicine.

Theoretical Medicine vs. Practical Medicine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa A. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Traditional Healing ◽  
Practical Medicine ◽  
Theoretical Medicine ◽  
Mainstream Medicine ◽  
Medical Traditions ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter examines the differences between theoretical medicine, empirical medicine (or medicine as practiced), and folk medicine. A particular focus on midwives and traditional healers will be enhanced by examining folklore, herbals, and other diverse examples where we can find evidence of traditional medicine. Examples of contemporary debates between traditional healing and mainstream medicine may help us sort out the different medical traditions of the Middle Ages.

scholarly journals Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Plants Used in the Northeastern Part of Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Mohammed Reda Kachmar ◽  
Hanae Naceiri Mrabti ◽  
Meryem Bellahmar ◽  
Abdelilah Ouahbi ◽  
Zoubida Haloui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Origanum Compactum ◽  
Pharmacological Screening ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

The knowledge of the plants that are used may provide insight on their properties for further exploration. This study aimed to identify and collect data about medicinal plants used in traditional medicine by the population of the provincial region of Taza, Morocco. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among 200 informants, competent villagers, herbalists, and traditional healers from the provincial region of Taza city through direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. The survey reported 55 plant species belonging to 28 families used in the folk medicine. Informants’ results showed that the most frequently used plants were Origanum compactum, Mentha pulegium, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Aloysia citrodora, Calamintha officinalis Moench, and Artemisia herba-alba Asso., with a relative frequency of citation of 76%, 72%, 60%, 42%, 40%, and 30%, respectively. Moreover, in this study, the Lamiaceae family was the most commonly reported plant family, and the leaves were the most frequently used parts of the plants; otherwise, decoction and infusion were the most used modes in the preparation of remedies from medicinal plants in the traditional medicine. The sociodemographic characteristics showed that women use medicinal plants slightly more than men, the illiterate people use the medicinal plant the most, and old people have more information about the medicinal plants than the new generations. The region of Taza of Morocco has an important floristic biodiversity of medicinal plants which are used in traditional medicine practice. This result provides a good database for pharmacological screening in the search for new plants that can contain new bioactive molecules that can be used as a bioactive ingredient of medicament or as a biological alternative in pharmacology.

scholarly journals Traditional knowledge of invertebrates used for medicine and magical–religious purposes by traditional healers and indigenous populations in the Plateau Department, Republic of Benin

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Estelle Yêyinou Loko ◽  
Sédami Medegan Fagla ◽  
Azize Orobiyi ◽  
Bienvenu Glinma ◽  
Joelle Toffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Republic Of Benin

Abstract Background Since ancient times, invertebrates have played an important role in the traditional medicine in many parts of the world. In south-eastern Benin, more specifically in the Plateau Department, invertebrates are widely used in folk medicine. However, studies on their therapeutic use has been neglected and their magical–religious purposes are poorly understood. The present study aims to document traditional knowledge related to the use of invertebrates for medicinal and magical–religious purposes by traditional healers and indigenous people of Plateau Department. Methods An ethno-sociological survey was conducted with 145 informants (80 traditional healers, 12 merchants of medicinal animals and 53 households) belonging to six ethnic groups, in 20 villages located in Plateau of Benin. Data were collected through the participatory rural appraisal method involving individual interviews and direct observations with semi-structured questionnaires. The collected data regarding various medicinal and magical–religious uses of invertebrates were analysed through informant consensus factor (ICF), use value (UV) and, fidelity level (FL). Results A total of 20 families and 38 species of invertebrates, distributed among 6 taxonomic categories, were found to be used to treat 50 different ailments. Insects occupied 64.7% of the total invertebrates listed. The African earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae K. and African giant snail Achatina achatina L. had the highest use values. The highest ICF value (1.0) was cited for diseases of the blood or blood-forming organs. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the influence of ethnic groups in the diseases treated with invertebrates. The highest FL (100%) was recorded for 12 invertebrate species treating various ailments. Most of invertebrate-based remedies were associated with plant species. The mode of administration was mainly oral and topical. Most of the invertebrate drugs were traditionally collected in nature or imported, mainly from Nigeria. In addition, 7 magical–religious practices are documented. Conclusions Our results reveal that several invertebrate species play an important role in healing practices and magical–religious rituals in the Plateau Department. We suggest further studies to confirm the presence of any bioactive compounds on invertebrate species use in traditional medicine. In addition, this study highlights the need for ecological investigations of these species, in order to develop strategies for their conservation and sustainable use.

scholarly journals STUDI ETNOBOTANI TUMBUHAN OBAT BERBASIS PENGETAHUAN LOKAL DI DESA SELOLIMAN KECAMATAN TRAWAS KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO JAWA TIMUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-185
Author(s):  
Iif Hanifa Nurrosyidah ◽  
Milu Asri Riya ◽  
Alfian Fachruddin Ma’ruf
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The People

Indonesia is the country with the second largest biodiversity after Brazil, where 20,000 species of medicinal plants in which 1,000 species have been documented and 300 species have been used as traditional medicine. Seloliman is a village located on the slopes of Mount Penanggungan, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, East Java. The people of Seloliman village still depend on nature, most people still use natural materials for treatment and daily needs. Therefore in this research ethnobotany study and identification of medicinal plants based on local knowledge will be conducted in Seloliman Village, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, East Java. The study was conducted by exploring the potential of the community as a place of ethnobotany research with open observation and interview methods. The technique for selecting informants is based on information from local residents or village heads who are most aware of medicinal plants. Collecting data on medicinal plants used for traditional medicine through structured interviews. Data recorded are local names, Latin names, family names, ways of obtaining, parts of plants used, diseases treated, and how they are used. Furthermore, each type of plant used is documented. Based on the results of research conducted is the type of plant used for treatment varies greatly, the plant parts used are mostly the leaves (57%), flowers (10%), and the rest are the stem, bark, rhizome, roots, flowers, fruit and seeds. Sources of plants used are mostly cultivated plants (46%), wild (30%), wild and cultivated (17%) and bought on the market (7%). While the way to use it is mostly boiled. Most of the Seloliman village community, Trawas Subdistrict, Mojokerto Regency, East Java have been influenced by outside cultures, so that their local knowledge about plants used in medicine needs to be further explored in order to be preserved. There are only two speakers (traditional healers) in the village of Seloliman who still hold the tradition related to treatment using natural materials.

scholarly journals Ethnomedicinal Resources of the Indigenous People’s (IP) Groups in the SOCSARGEN Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Non-Cabrera ◽  
Angem Librando Descallar ◽  
Christine Dawn G. Obemio ◽  
Tres Tinna B. Martin-dela Cruz ◽  
Rhumer Lañojan
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
The Common

An ethnomedicinal study was conducted to document the medicinal plants used, the manner of preparation and application in the treatment of ailments and the consensus in the use of medicinal plants to treat various ailments among four (4) indigenous people's groups, the Obo in Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, T'boli in Maitum, Sarangani Province, and Blaan and Tagakaolo in General Santos City. The ethnobotanical interview was conducted using open-ended semi-structured questionnaires among identified traditional healers and elders as well as the household in the community. A total of 136 plants species, mostly herbs (47%), have been recorded with the corresponding conditions or illnesses in which they are believed to exert a therapeutic effect. Plant parts utilized for traditional medicine of the 4 IP groups include leaves (38%), roots (25%) and bark/stem (16%). Decoction (54%) and direct consumption (27%) applied via oral route are the common traditional medicine preparation. The IP communities in the SOCSARGEN Region have a rich pharmacopeia of traditional medicinal plants that persist through time despite the availability and convenience offered by modern medicine. Read full article here.

scholarly journals Updated review on venomous snakebites, therapeutic uses and future prospects of Indian traditional medicine

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesarajan Joseph ◽  
Sathishkumar Durairaj ◽  
Oviya Gowthaman ◽  
Vinoth Kumar Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Public Health

Herbal medicines can make therapeutic drugs and are an essential part of the worldwide healthcare system. Plants have always been an essential part of many indigenous peoples' life. Snakebite is a typical tropical condition that goes unnoticed. Snakebite is still a significant public health issue in many parts of the world, particularly in India, where the disease is particularly prevalent. Morbidity and mortality rates among rural and indigenous populations in the country are among the highest in the world. The problem is made worse by people delaying or refusing to seek medical care because they believe in traditional healers. People worldwide use plants to treat poisonous snakebites as folk medicine. Five hundred twenty-three plant species belonging to the 122 families are recognized as a source of drugs/compounds recognized as a possible cure for snakebite. However, this assessment is limited to a small number of essential plants used in snakebite poisoning in India. The most important groups from which various plants are employed include Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Fab Lamiaceae and Moraceae. In this investigation, phytocompounds with anti-venom action were discovered in 29 plants belonging to 22 families used as a traditional medicine to treat poisonous snakebites.

scholarly journals USES OF INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS OF EAST KHASI HILLS, MEGHALAYA, NORTHEAST INDIA: A REVIEW STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Neelam . ◽  
K N Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The People ◽  
Review Study

Meghalaya, the hilly state, is one of the seven states of North-Eastern region of India. This small state was carved out of Assam and made a full –fledged state on 21st January 1972. The Khasi, Jaintia, Bhoi and War, are collectively known as the Hynniewtrep people and they predominantly inhabit the districts of Eastern Meghalaya. Indigenous people are generally very knowledgeable about the wild medicinal plants around them, many of them have local names and are important to the people as folklore. The present topic is chosen to explore the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants by Khasi tribe in East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya. To explore the knowledge of medicinal plants, many Villagers and traditional healers (Ojhas) who were experienced in practicing indigenous or folk medicine are consulted to gather information. In this review study a total of 30 medicinal plants are documented and information on local names, scientific names, family, habit, plant parts used and medicinal uses of these plants are also given. The documented plant species are used for some common ailments like headache, stomach problems, cold, cough and fever, jaundice, skin diseases, blood pressure and diabetes etc. These plants are taken orally in the form of Swarasa (juices) or Kwatha (decoction). These kinds of traditional practices require scientific validation and documentation of their therapeutics in Ayurveda.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles induce genetic, biochemical, and ultrastructure variations in Salvadora persica callus

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar S. Fouda ◽  
Mohamed H. Hendawey ◽  
Ghada A. Hegazi ◽  
Hayat M. Sharada ◽  
Nagwa I. El-Arabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Benzyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Salvadora persica is an endangered medicinal plant due to difficulties in its traditional propagation. It is rich in bioactive compounds that possess many pharmaceutical, antimicrobial activities and widely used in folk medicine. The current study aims at in vitro propagation of Salvadora persica and the application of different nanoparticles (NPs) to induce the synthesis of bioactive and secondary metabolites within the plant. The cellular and genetic responses to the application of different NPs were evaluated. Results The impact of nanoparticles NPs (ZnO, SiO2, and Fe3O4) on callus growth of Salvadora persica and the production of its active constituent benzyl isothiocyanate was examined, regarding some oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, and genetic variabilities. An encouraging impact of 0.5 mg/l ZnO NPs on benzyl isothiocyanate production was shown reaching up to 0.905 mg/g callus fresh weight in comparison to 0.539 mg/g in control callus. This was associated with decreasing hydrogen peroxide content and increasing superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. The deposition of the NPs on cellular organelles was detected using a transmission microscope. Fifteen Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers detected an overall, 79.1% polymorphism among different treatments. A reduction in genomic DNA template stability (GTS) was made and was more pronounced in higher doses of different NPs. Conclusion This study is a stepping stone in developing a productive protocol for in vitro production of benzyl isothiocyanate from Salvadora persica using NPs as a valuable anticancer compound.

scholarly journals Toxicological assessment of kretek cigarettes. Part 7: The impact of ingredients added to kretek cigarettes on inhalation toxicity

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. S81-S89 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schramke ◽  
E. Roemer ◽  
R. Dempsey ◽  
J. Hirter ◽  
K. Meurrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhalation Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Review on pharmacological and phytochemical prospects of traditional medicinal plant: Persicaria hydropiper (Smartweed)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Nasir ◽  
Atif Ali Khan Khalil ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti ◽  
Ashfaq Ur Rehman ◽  
Jiayi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmacological Data ◽  
Different Parts

: Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre (family Polygonacea), commonly known as Polygonum hydropiper, is a popular medicinal plant used in traditional medicine. The plant is indigenous to the tropical northern hemisphere and temperate zone including China, Bangladesh, India, and Japan. The plant is used in folk medicine for numerous ailments such as hemorrhoids, antifertility, diarrhea, and dyspepsia. Its medicinal usage in Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha, and other traditional medicine is well-recognized. So far, a wide range of active phytochemicals of this plant has been identified, such as flavonoids, sulphated flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, steroids, coumarin, simple phenolics, and others. Pharmacological data reported in the literature suggest that various parts of P. hydropiper exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antidepressant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and antifertility effects. The present review aim is to compile the coherently document research on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and biological activities of P. hydropiper from different parts of the globe.

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