scholarly journals Airplane materials compatibility with blends of fossil kerosene Jet A1 with biokerosenes from babassu, palm kernel and coconut oils

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066-1075 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Babassu Palm

<div> <p>Currently there is a big interest to increase the sources of alternative fuels for aviation to get a reduction of their carbon footprint and the deep energetic dependence from fossil fuels of different countries. Although there are studies about how to produce this alternative fuel and if it accomplishes the standards for a good performance in the aircraft turbines, there are no studies about how these fuels could affect the different materials of airplanes. In this context this work describes the compatibility of biokerosene blends of coconut, babassu and palm kernel with commercial Jet A-1 testing airplane polymeric materials, metals and composites. As a conclusion, all material samples show a good compatibility with the fuel blends tested.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals A Comparison of Ethanol, Methanol, and Butanol Blending with Gasoline and Its Effect on Engine Performance and Emissions Using Engine Simulation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Simeon Iliev
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Blended Fuels

Air pollution, especially in large cities around the world, is associated with serious problems both with people’s health and the environment. Over the past few years, there has been a particularly intensive demand for alternatives to fossil fuels, because when they are burned, substances that pollute the environment are released. In addition to the smoke from fuels burned for heating and harmful emissions that industrial installations release, the exhaust emissions of vehicles create a large share of the fossil fuel pollution. Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, are derived from resources other than fossil fuels. Because alcoholic fuels have several physical and propellant properties similar to those of gasoline, they can be considered as one of the alternative fuels. Alcoholic fuels or alcohol-blended fuels may be used in gasoline engines to reduce exhaust emissions. This study aimed to develop a gasoline engine model to predict the influence of different types of alcohol-blended fuels on performance and emissions. For the purpose of this study, the AVL Boost software was used to analyse characteristics of the gasoline engine when operating with different mixtures of ethanol, methanol, butanol, and gasoline (by volume). Results obtained from different fuel blends showed that when alcohol blends were used, brake power decreased and the brake specific fuel consumption increased compared to when using gasoline, and CO and HC concentrations decreased as the fuel blends percentage increased.

scholarly journals Emission estimates and air quality impacts from the use of alternative fuels by the Titan cement factory in Thessaloniki

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Fuel Substitution ◽  
The Impact

Cement production is an energy-intensive process. Utilisation of fossil fuels is common practice in the cement industry around the world. Alternative fuel substitution rates increase every year. More specifically, 18 % of the fuel used by the European cement industry in 2006 consists of alternative fuels. This study aims to investigate the prospects for the partial replacement of conventional fossil fuels currently used in the TITAN cement factory in Thessaloniki, Greece, with alternative fuels, focusing on the impact of alternative fuel use on the emissions of air pollutants from co-incineration operations. Air emissions were estimated for both the conventional fuel and mixtures of conventional fuel with alternative fuels, based on emission factors found in the literature but also using the measurements conducted by TITAN in 2010. Emission estimates indicate that legislative limit values for all pollutants are not exceeded. Based on the emission estimates and measurements in the flue gas, the dispersion of the plume around the factory has been described with an appropriate numerical simulation model. Results suggest that the factory’s contribution to the air pollution levels in the surrounding area is very low for most regulated pollutants.

Performance and emission characteristics of turbocharged diesel engine fueled with palm biodiesel blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Byungmo Yang ◽  
M A. Kalam ◽  
Haengmuk Cho
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Gas Measurement ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Main Component

The exhaustion of fossil fuels and sharp rise in crude oil prices has led to the development of various alternative fuels. Alternative fuels are a necessity to meet rising energy consumption rates and to ensure eco-friendly growth. Alternative fuels that can be regenerated, are sustainable and have clean burning capacity to help promote an eco-friendly development. Whereas there have been various ideas and technologies relating to biodiesel as an alternative fuel, these tend to be restricted to the distant future insofar as compression-ignition engines are concerned. Biodiesel, produced by reacting triglycerides which are the main component of animal or plant-based fatty acids with methanol, is known to be an eco-friendly alternative fuel that can take the place of conventional petroleum diesel. In the present study, biodiesel (palm oil) was mixed at a certain ratio with commercially sold diesel, then introduced into a TCDI engine which was run at low load conditions for engine performance and exhaust gas measurement. Both engine output and torque were reduced, and fuel consumption increased to make up for the reduction in output. There were slight reductions in NOx and CO2 emissions, but changes in CO and HC emissions were negligible.  

scholarly journals Performance Measure of CI Engine by Varyingblends with Different Proportions and Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12595-12598
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Nozzle Injection ◽  
Automobile Engines ◽  
Ci Engine

Many researchers have been working on alternative fuels and it blends in order to enhance the performance of automobiles. There are number of alternative fuel blends have been tested on automobile engines and their performances have been analyzed. In this present work, Methyl Ester from Waste cooking oil to be prepared and going to blend with Diesel with different ratios, is an alternative fuel. The experiment is going to be conducted on the air cooled four stroke Diesel engine using these blends with different proportions and nozzle injection pressures, finally its performance characteristics to be analyzed.

scholarly journals Alternative Fuel Vehicles Today and Their Impacts in the Transportation industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul M. Miraz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Fuel Costs

Canadians are concerned about their environment around them, global warming and also related issues regarding this aspect. But on the other hand many donʼt realize that the cars and trucks that they drive are a major source of these problems, and that there are alternative choices of transportation that they can make out there. Majority of us drive or ride in vehicles that are powered by petroleum based fossil fuels i.e. gasoline or diesel. But some people, however, are choosing to drive vehicles that run on smaller amounts of fuel, and/or partially or completely on fuels other than diesel or gasoline. These types of advanced and alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) help reduce our dependence on foreign oil imports, save us money on fuel costs, and improve our air quality. Alternative fuels nowadays have received some attention as a potential option to curtail the carbon dioxide emissions form vehicles. My project report discusses the feasibility and desirability of the use of alternative fuels as a strategy to mitigate automotive carbon dioxide emissions. For example what types of impact are we to expect in the transportation industry due to alternative fuel vehicles and are they economically feasible to consumers? And what type of long-term benefits do they offer? And if a person is willing to know more about these alternative fuel vehicles that are out in the market, where should they go for more information? It is a type of a summary of all the aspects about alternative fuel vehicles and their pros and cons.

scholarly journals Influence of Alternative Fuel Ratio on Turbocharger Combustor

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Prabhat SINGH ◽  
Dharmahinder Singh CHAND ◽  
Sourav PAL ◽  
Aadya MISHRA
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Combustion Performance ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
Alternate Fuels ◽  
High Octane

The present study investigates the effects of alternative fuel properties on combustion performance, in order to ensure reliable combustion performance using various fuel blends for powering an engine. The increasing rate of fuel cost and depletion of fossil fuels has led to the search for alternate fuels. Palm biodiesel derived from palm fatty acids meets the fuel requirements of an aircraft and is compatible with any engine without modifications. Viability of using a blend of present fossil fuels with biodiesel is studied. The engine was operated with petrol, diesel, palm biodiesel and a blend of these three fuels as a pair, with various ratios. The fuel was injected into the combustion chamber at an angle of 45o to the airflow and ignited using a spark plug. The blended fuel is found to have better efficiency than petrol or diesel. Furthermore, the low cost and abundant availability of the biofuel make it a viable alternative to the petroleum-based fuels currently in use. The combustion time and ignition delay are decreased with efficient biofuel due to high oxygen content and high octane number of the biofuel.

scholarly journals KELAYAKAN USAHATANI TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA: STUDI KOMPARASI PADA PROSES PENGOVENAN DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anwar ◽  
Rini Endang Prasetyowati ◽  
Hidayatul Ahyani
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Local Alternative ◽  
Hazelnut Shell ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells ◽  
Planting Season

There are two methods of flue curing process used in virginia tobacco farmers in East Lombok, which are curing with fossil fuel and curing with local (alternative) fuels (candlenut shell, palm kernel shells, wood, and corn cobs). Now days, due to increasing fossil fuels price, farmer tend to use local fuels. The research objective was to compare the costs, income, and feasibility level of virginia tobacco farming on the use of various alternative fuels in the oven process in East Lombok Regency. The method used is descriptive survey method to 40 farmers. The cost of farming virginia tobacco using candlenut shell as fuel is Rp. 44,788,057/ha/planting season with an R/C ratio of 1.6 palm kernel shells of 45,081,109/ha/planting season with an R/C ratio of 1.5 wood of Rp. 49,498,452/ha/planting season with an R/C ratio of 1.4 and corn cobs of Rp. 39,184,196/ha/planting season with an R/C ratio of 1.8. The highest income is obtained from farmers who use corn cobs as fuel of Rp. 30,037,854/ha/planting season, the income of the farmers who use hazelnut shell and palm shell as fuel each is Rp. 25,938,788/ha/planting season and Rp. 23,757,891/ha/planting season. The lowest income using wood fuel is Rp. 16,883,748/ha/planting season. Because the R/C value is more than 1, it means that virginia tobacco farming using various alternative materials in the oven process in East Lombok Regency is feasible.

scholarly journals The Use of Biodrying to Prevent Self-Heating of Alternative Fuel

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Gajewska ◽  
Mateusz Malinowski ◽  
Maciej Szkoda
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
The Self ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuels ◽  
The Impact

Alternative fuels (refuse-derived fuels—RDF) have been a substitute for fossil fuels in cement production for many years. RDF are produced from various materials characterized by high calorific value. Due to the possibility of self-ignition in the pile of stored alternative fuel, treatments are carried out to help protect entrepreneurs against material losses and employees against loss of health or life. The objective of the research was to assess the impact of alternative fuel biodrying on the ability to self-heat this material. Three variants of materials (alternative fuel produced on the basis of mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) and on the basis of bulky waste (mainly varnished wood and textiles) and residues from selective collection waste (mainly plastics and tires) were adopted for the analysis. The novelty of the proposed solution consists in processing the analyzed materials inside the innovative ecological waste apparatus bioreactor (EWA), which results in increased process efficiency and shortening its duration. The passive thermography technique was used to assess the impact of alternative fuel biodrying on the decrease in the self-heating ability of RDF. As a result of the conducted analyses, it was clear that the biodrying process inhibited the self-heating of alternative fuel. The temperature of the stored fuel reached over 60 °C before the biodrying process. However, after the biodrying process, the maximum temperatures in each of the variants were about 30 °C, which indicates a decrease in the activity of microorganisms and the lack of self-ignition risk. The maximum temperatures obtained (>71 °C), the time to reach them (≈4 h), and the duration of the thermophilic phase (≈65 h) are much shorter than in the studies of other authors, where the duration of the thermophilic phase was over 80 h.

scholarly journals Fischer-Tropsch Diesel and Biofuels Exergy and Energy Analysis for Low Emissions Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5958
Author(s):  
Felipe Andrade Torres ◽  
Omid Doustdar ◽  
Jose Martin Herreros ◽  
Runzhao Li ◽  
Robert Poku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
New Generation

This research investigates the effects of a synthetic diesel-like fuel (Fischer-Tropsch diesel) and biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel) fuel blends on the energy-exergy efficiencies and gaseous exhaust emissions characteristics of a compression ignition engine. Two blends of alternative fuels denoted as E15B35FTD50 (15% ethanol, 35% biodiesel, and 50% Fischer-Tropsch diesel) and E15B35D50 (15% ethanol, 35% biodiesel, and 50% diesel) were experimentally studied on a single-cylinder diesel engine and compared to diesel fuel. The results show that the energetic and the exergetic efficiencies of the alternative fuels are comparable to those of the engine fueled with diesel fuel. The unburnt HC, NO, N2O, and NH3 emissions were reduced for the two alternative fuel blends compared to diesel, while CO emissions increased. The light HC species were found to slightly increase for the alternative fuel blends in comparison with diesel fuel. However, the total HC was considerably reduced by the combustion of E15B35FTD50 not only when compared to the diesel fuel combustion, but also when compared to E15B35D50. Overall, these results may contribute to identifying advantages and limitations in terms of energetic-exergetic analysis and emissions for the new generation of conventional diesel and hybrid electric vehicles that aim to achieve future emissions regulations.

scholarly journals Optimizing Number and Locations of Alternative-Fuel Stations Using a Multi-Criteria Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3715-3720 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Badri-Koohi ◽  
R. Tavakkoli-Moghaddam ◽  
M. Asghari
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Flow Refueling

The transition to alternative fuels is obligatory due to the finite amount of available fossil fuels and their rising prices. However, the transition cannot be done unless enough infrastructure exists. A very important infrastructure is the fueling station. As establishing alternative-fuel stations is expensive, the problem of finding the optimal number and locations of initial alternative-fuel stations emerges and it is investigated in this paper. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation is proposed to minimize the costs using net present value (NPV) technique. The proposed formulation considers the criteria of the two most common models in the literature for such a problem, namely P-median model and flow refueling location model (FRLM). A decision support system is developed for the users to be able to control the parameter values and run different scenarios. For case study purposes, the method is used to find the optimal number and locations of the alternative-fuel stations in the city of Chicago. Some data wrangling techniques are used to overcome the inability of the method to solve very large-scale problems.

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