scholarly journals Pottery Styles in Transition in Iron Age Crete

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Eleonora Pappalardo
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Preliminary Results

This paper presents the preliminary results of the study carried out by the author on a precise class of materials: Protogeometric B pottery from the site of Prinias, in central Crete. The pottery comes from the excavations conducted in the necropolis of Siderospilia, used from the end of XII century BC until the VII/VI century. A large assemblage of material has been so far analyzed, mostly consisting on figured specimens. Among this, a particular class of pithoi, characterized by straight sides and mostly used as cinerary urns, stands out for its quite unique features, finding comparisons just in Knossos and in few other Cretan sites. The impressive figured repertoire adopted in decorating PGB pottery (850-800 BC) does not find comparisons in continental Greece and it seems to reflect some sort of mixed tendency between Near Eastern influences, involving Crete in Early Iron age, and Minoan background. Keywords: Prinias, Protogeometric B, Pithos, Crete, Aegean

scholarly journals Karashoky, an old wintering in the Aksary Valley in Central Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 6-25
Author(s):  
A. Z. Beisenov ◽  
◽  
N. Sh. Jumanazarov ◽  
I. K. Akhiyarov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Face ◽  
State Registration ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the field seasons of 2019–2020, the authors researched the area of the Besoba village in the Karkaraly district of the Karaganda region. The locality is known for a large number of archeological monuments. The first studies of monuments were held in the 1950s by A. Kh. Margulan (Almaty), A. F. Semyonov (Karaganda), S. V. Kiselyov (Moscow). Nowadays the research is extended. New monuments of the Bronze epochs and Early Iron Age were discovered here, including the Konyrzhon petroglyphs. The mazars (tombs) and wintering camps of the Kazakh time are under research. Excavation works in the surrounding mountains show that a significant number of ancient wintering camps are concentrated in this area. The authors further examined the wintering of Karashoky. The report provides some preliminary results of the study of this monument. These works will be continued in the coming years. Based upon the results of the work, the Karashoky wintering arose in the second half of the 19th century and existed during the first decades of the 20th century. A significant part of the Kazakh winterings in Central Kazakhstan have already disappeared from the face of the earth and the rest is quickly decaying. Therefore, there is the urgency for the organization of state registration and protection of these important monuments, as well as their scientific study.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Social Complexity of Early Iron Age Nomads

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 155-179
Author(s):  
Erez Ben-Yosef
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
The Social

Recent evidence from the Aravah Valley challenges the prevailing assumption that Bedouin ethnography and inferences from ancient Near Eastern archives can adequately compensate for the archaeological lacuna in the study of biblical-era nomads. The evidence indicates that nomadic social organization at the turn of the 1st millennium BCE could have been – and in at least one case was – far more complex than ever considered before. This paper discusses the implications of the now extended spectrum of possible interpretations of nomads to the archaeological discourse on early Iron Age state formation processes in the Southern Levant.

The Swedish Jordan Expedition 2011 and 2012 at Tall Abu al-Kharaz. Preliminary results from the early Iron Age occupation in Area 9

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 307-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Fischer ◽  
Teresa Bürge ◽  
D. Blattner ◽  
M. Alrousan ◽  
A. Abu Dalo
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Settlement History ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
Central Jordan ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Tall Abu al-Kharaz, a twelve hectare-large tell in the central Jordan Valley, was occupied for approximately five millennia. In earlier excavation seasons most of the early Iron Age remains were found to have been disturbed by later settlers. Between 2009 and 2012 excavations revealed an extremely well-preserved city quarter dating from around 1100 BC, which represents an essential part of the settlement history of this city. The stone-built architectural compound consists of 21 rooms, with walls still standing to a height of more than 2 m. The inventories of these rooms, which comprised more than 200 complete vessels and other objects, were remarkably intact. Amongst the finds were imports from Egypt and Phoenicia. There were also finds which are associated with the culture of the Sea Peoples/Philistines, such as several Aegean and Cypriote-style vessels and other objects. The find context points to a hasty abandonment of the city. In the past, the beginning of the Iron Age has often been referred to as “the Dark Ages”, a period of cultural regression: this categorization is not appropriate to the find situation at Tall Abu al-Kharaz where the remains of a wealthy society, with far-reaching intercultural connections, can be identified.

scholarly journals Explorations at Izat-Kuli

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
E. Muradova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

The paper presents preliminary results of the investigation of the settlement of Izat-Kuli which is one of the important sites of the early Iron Age of South-Western Turkmenistan. Of most interest is building I excavated at the citadel of the settlement and possessing an undoubtedly religious character. Its discovery provides valuable evidence for the history of the cult construction, and social and spiritual life of the people of the region in the early Iron Age.

scholarly journals Conflict and Interaction in the Iron Age: The Origins of Urartian–Assyrian Relations

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemalettin Köroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Natural Development ◽  
Middle Iron Age ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The Neo-Assyrian Kingdom and the Urartian Kingdom were two important Near Eastern states in the Middle Iron Age (ninth to sixth centuries BC) that steered political developments and considerably transformed the lives of populations within their territories. This article aims to explore the origins of Urartian–Assyrian relations: the processes and ways through which Mesopotamian and Assyrian influences reached the eastern Anatolian highlands. The populations who founded the Urartian Kingdom lived mostly as semi-nomadic tribes in eastern Anatolia and surrounding areas during the Early Iron Age (thirteenth to ninth centuries BC). It is impossible to explain the emergence of the Urartian Kingdom in the Van region towards the mid-ninth century BC—which quickly became a powerful rival of its contemporaries—as a natural development of local culture. The main question at this stage is how and from where Assyrian influences were transmitted to the tribes who founded the Urartian Kingdom. Our opinion is that the answer to this question should be sought in the Upper Tigris region, which was inhabited by both cultures (Pre-Urartian and Assyrian) before the foundation of the Urartian Kingdom.

Spicing Wine at the Symposion: Fact or Fiction? Some Critical Thoughts on Material Aspects of Commensality in the Early Iron Age and Archaic Mediterranean World

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Alexandra Villing
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Prime Function

Abstract Interpretations of metal graters and pottery tripod bowls as Leitfossils of a trans-Mediterranean ‘orientalizing’ culture of spiced-wine consumption have of late become a staple of scholarship on sympotic banqueting, shaping our perception of ancient wine-drinking and its role in cross-cultural interaction in the first half of the first millennium BC. Yet a closer look at the evidence for spiced wine and the use of graters casts serious doubt on assumptions of a widespread practice of adding ‘spices’ to wine during the Greek symposion and of the use of graters or tripod grinding bowls for such a purpose in the Mediterranean and Near Eastern world. A more plausible scenario, it is argued, arises from the well-attested association of graters with cheese and other primarily culinary commodities. It sees the grater’s prime function and symbolic significance shift from a use in Early Iron Age ‘Homeric’ hospitality to becoming a tool in the increasingly complex cuisines associated with the Archaic and Classical banquet – an indicator of evolving Mediterranean commensality with no less of an international horizon, but a commensality that involved interaction and shared consumption beyond the narrowly sympotic.

Archaeological Investigations at Mavis Grind, Shetland

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Cracknell ◽  
Beverley Smith
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Field System ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Settlement Site

Summary The excavations revealed a stone house and showed that it was oval, 13 m × 10 m, with an interior about 7 m in diameter. In the first occupation phase the entrance was on the SE side. During the second phase this entrance was replaced with one to the NE and the interior was partitioned. The roof was supported on wooden posts. After the building was abandoned it was covered with peat-ash which was subsequently ploughed. There were numerous finds of steatite-tempered pottery and stone implements, which dated the site to late Bronze/early Iron Age. The second settlement, Site B, lay by the shore of the voe and consisted of two possible stone-built houses and a field system. Two trenches were dug across the structures and the results are reported in Appendix I. Although damaged in recent years it was in no further danger.

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