Kant’s Self-Defeating Refutation of Idealism

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Paul Clavier ◽  
Jacopo Domenicucci
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transcendental Deduction ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
Refutation Of Idealism ◽  
Opus Postumum

Kant’s Refutation of Idealism has often been assessed either from a realistic or from a transcendental point of view. Each of them proves to be unsufficient. The realistic approach wouldn’t it enough the tenets of the Transcendental Esthetics, and the transcendental approach doesn’t allow us to go beyond our representations. We put forward a logical and structural analysis of the famous paragraph from the System of all principles and its rewriting in the Preface to the Second edition of the first Critique. Additional evidence from the Opus Postumum leads us to suggest that Kant more or less willingly endorses an equivocation on the phrase “existing outside me”, which wonderfully serves his double purpose of saving the transcendental deduction and facing the so-called “scandal of idealism.”

scholarly journals Design & Weight Optimization of a Wheel Rim for Sport Utility Vehicle.

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Harish Panjagala ◽  
Balakrishna M ◽  
Shasikant Kushnoore ◽  
E L N Rohit Madhukar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Weight Optimization ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wheel Rim ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Design Weight ◽  
Structural Point

Automobile have various parts which are important for good running of the vehicle. The most important safety components from a structural point of view are the road wheels. They are required to be lighter and more fascinating to the buyer all the time. This implies that it's important to perform a lot of accurate strength assessment on wheel styles. The wheel rim plays a major role in vehicle dynamics. This paper deals with the design and model of different wheel rims based on weight optimization and also structural analysis has been carried out. It has been compared with standard values by varying two different materials. In addition, from the obtained outputs of simulations and the weight optimization, we suggested Aluminium alloys as most suitable material for SUV. Model is created by using SOLIDWORKS software 2015 and structural analysis &; weight optimization is done by using ANSYS WORKBENCH 16.0.

scholarly journals Enhanced Economic Governance in the EU: Alternative to a Political Union?

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kawecka-Wyrzykowska
Keyword(s):  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
List Type ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Political Union ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
The Eu

Abstract In reaction to the sharp deterioration of fiscal positions and a sovereign debt crisis in the majority of EU member states, EU leaders have been strengthening the EU economic governance framework, in particular for the eurozone member states. This has been reflected mainly through a reinforcement of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) within the so-called six-pack and through the recent adoption of the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union (TSCG). The objective of this paper is to present the main decisions taken to address intensifying problems in the EU and assess them from the point of view of stability of the eurozone. The paper argues that the recent adoption of the six-pack and of the TSCG has created a legal basis for more effective governance structure that is much stronger than previously, and closer fscal coordination among EU member states in order to ensure public fnance sustainability. The practical results will depend, however, on the political willingness of countries to accept the new rules and rigorous enforcement of those rules. Most of the new solutions continue the previous approach: stricter preventive and punishing rules, and their more rigorous application. TSCG has adopted a new element: parallel to EU rules, there should be enhanced national rules (possibly in the form of constitutional commitments) and national institutions responsible for fscal discipline. This approach implies that international rules are not strong enough for sovereign countries, which agree to be subject to democratically elected national authorities but do not want to follow decisions by “outside” institutions. In addition, reverse voting in the Council encourages for more pragmatic, economically justifed use of the modifed SGP. In view of a lack of political will to move forward into a political union, this seems the only realistic approach to ensure fscal stabilization and keep the eurozone alive in the short and medium run. Two main research methods have been applied: (a)Statistical analysis of data on changes of the public fnances in the EU member states (budgetary defcit and public debt), (b)comparative analysis of successive EU documents on strengthening economic governance and identifcation of strong and weak aspects of the new documents from the point of view of stability of the eurozone. The main conclusion is that in a situation of a lack of political will to move forward into a political union, the only realistic approach to ensure fscal stabilization and keep the eurozone alive in the short and medium term seems to be to enforce rigorously the recently adopted new commitments aiming at better fscal control of euro area members.

Introduction

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Runciman
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Cultural Representation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People

There have been claims that the Marxist approaches to the history are no longer tenable. This idea that Marx has lost such relevance to historiography is due to the failure of his prophesies, including the three particular assumptions: the anti-universalism, the neglect of cultural representation and discourses, and the success of capitalism. Anti-universalism claims that no history can ever be written, except from the historian's own point of view and the interests and values which come with it. In the case of Marx, whose main interest in history is the discovery of the path of man to communism, any claim to universal validity made him compromised from the outset by the local provenance of his and Engel's experience of capitalism and the intensity of their disapproval. The second assumption is Marx's neglect of cultural representations and discourses. By neglecting the sufferings and aspirations of the people who were the victims of capitalist exploitation, Marx missed the opportunity to give his moral denunciation of capitalism added perlocutionary force. The third assumption is the success of capitalism in beating the Marxists. On this view, Marx failed to allow the possibility that when the time came for the capitalist and socialist modes of production to compete directly with one another, it would be the capitalist modes of production that would be stronger between the two. Nevertheless, despite the failure of some of the Marxist prophesies and theories, it is nonetheless significant in the writing of history, which needs explanation. Marxism still has much to offer in the structural analysis of the development of history.

X-ray absorption spectroscopy: state-of-the-art analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Natoli ◽  
M. Benfatto ◽  
S. Della Longa ◽  
K. Hatada
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Present Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spectral Fitting ◽  
Art Analysis ◽  
X Ray Absorption

State-of-the-art techniques for analysing X-ray absorption spectra are reviewed, with an eye to biological applications. Recent attempts to perform full spectral fitting of the XANES energy region and beyond for the purpose of structural analysis have met with encouraging success. The present paper analyses the theoretical motivations behind this success and indicates routes for future improvements. The theoretical background is not entirely new, although the point of view is, and some sections and appendices present material that the authors believe has never been published before. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical analysis that is as self-contained as possible.

scholarly journals REPRESENTASI KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT BANGKA DALAM CERITA RAKYAT BANDAR AKEK ANTAK (Representation of Bangkanese People Local Wisdom in Bandar Akek Antak Story)

Sirok Bastra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurjanah Nurjanah ◽  
Yurdayanti Yurdayanti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Qualitative Review ◽  
Plot Structure

AbstrakTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui representasi kearifan lokal masyarakat Bangka melalui cerita rakyat Bandar Akek Antak. Pendekatan peneltian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deangan menggunakan kajian struktural. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif karena data yang dikumpulkan berbentuk kata atau gambar. Data dalam penelitian kualitatif berupa teks cerita rakyat Bandar Akek Antak. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan agar dapat mengungkap kearifan lokal masyarakat Bangka yang tersurat maupun tersirat dari cerita rakyat Bandar Akek Antak. Hasil analisis meliputi dua tingkat yakni analisis struktural cerita rakyat dan analisis representasi kearifan lokal. Terdapat struktur plot, sudut pandang, latar, serta penokohan. Representasi kearifan lokal masyarakat Bangka dalam cerita Bandar Akek Antak digambarkan dengan sikap pekerja keras dalam berkebun, melakukan musyawarah mufakat dalam menyelesaikan masalah melalui karakter tokoh Antak sebagai tokoh utama dan karakter tokoh lainnya. Nilai pendidikan karakter terdapat dalam cerita Bandar Akek Antak yakni karakter religius, jujur, disiplin, kerja keras, kreatif, mandiri, serta tanggung jawab.Kata kunci: kearifan lokal, cerita rakyat, struktural AbstractThe research objective is to study the representation of local wisdom of the Bangkanese people through the folklore of Bandar Akek Antak. The research assessment used is a qualitative review using structural structure studies. This study describes descriptive, presented thus because the data collected in the form of words or images. The data in this qualitative research are in the form of Bandar Akek Antak folklore text. Qualitative guidelines are used with the aim of expressing the local wisdom of the Bangka people expressed or implied by the Bandar Akek Antak folklore with structural studies. The results of the analysis include two levels of analysis namely structural analysis of folklore and analysis of representation of local wisdom. There is a plot structure, point of view, setting, and characterization. Representation of local wisdom of the Bangka people in the Bandar Akek Antakutih story with the attitude of hard workers in gardening, holding consensus in solving problems through Antak's character as the main character and other characters. The value of character education contained in the Bandar Akek Antak story is religious, honest, disciplined, hard working, creative, independent, and responsible.Keywords: local wisdom, folklore, structural

scholarly journals Unsur Intrinsik dalam Cerita Anak AṭfᾹl al-gᾹbah Karya Muhammad ‘Athiyyah Al-ibrasyi (Kajian Struktural Robert Stanton)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 958-977
Author(s):  
Muchamad Ali Ma’ruf ◽  
Nur Anisah Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Structural Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Literary Devices ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Abstract: This research paper aims to describe the intrinsic elements in “Aṭfāl al-Gābah”, a story for kids written by Muhammad ‘Athiyyah al-Ibrasyi (2013). The story is analyzed using Robert Stanton’s structural theory, which includes (1) theme, (2) story facts, (3) literary devices, and (4) relationship between intrinsic elements. This descriptive qualitative research focuses on the three main elements contained in “Aṭfāl al-Gābah”. The data was collected by means of documentation. The findings indicate that (1) the major theme in the story is affection and the minor themes are jealousy and patience. (2) The analysis of the story facts shows that (a) the story flows chronologically; (b) with the King, Queens, and the aunt being the main characters, while the angels, the deer, and the bird being the supporting characters; (c) it also shows that the story took place in various settings such as the palace, the garden and the mountain peak. (3) The analysis of the literary devices reveals that (a) the story is told from a third-person point of view and (b) uses hyperbole and personification. (4) All of these intrinsic elements are related to one another. Keywords: intrinsic elements prose, structural analysis, story for kids, Aṭfāl al-Gābah Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan unsur intrinsik dalam cerita anak “Aṭfāl al-Gābah” karya Muhammad ‘Athiyyah al-Ibrasyi (2013) berdasarkan teori struktural Robert Stanton yang terdiri atas: (1) tema, (2) fakta cerita, (3) sarana cerita, serta (4) keterkaitan antar unsur di dalamnya. Uraian pembahasan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian ini adalah unsur intrinsik dalam cerita anak tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan peneliti dan tabel sebagai instrumennya dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) tema mayor dalam cerita adalah kasih sayang, sedangkan tema minor berupa kecemburuan dan kesabaran. (2) Fakta cerita menunjukkan: (a) cerita menggunakan alur maju; (b) tokoh utama adalah Raja, Pangeran I, Pangeran II, Puteri, dan Bibi, sedangkan tokoh tambahannya adalah tiga Bidadari, Rusa, dua Petapa, dan Burung; (c) latar tempat berada di istana, taman istana, hutan, rumah, gubuk Petapa, puncak gunung, dan kebun indah, latar waktunya pagi, siang, sore, dan malam hari, latar sosialnya adalah status sosial kelas tinggi yang dimiliki semua tokoh utamanya, (3) Sarana cerita menunjukkan: (a) sudut pandang cerita menggunakan persona orang ketiga, serta (b) gaya bahasa dalam cerita meliputi hiperbola dan personifikasi. (4) Antar unsur instrik dari cerita ini memiliki keterkaitan satu sama lain. Kata Kunci: unsur intrinsik prosa, kajian struktural, cerita anak, Aṭfāl al-Gābah

Appositive relativization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Relative Pronoun ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
Internal Head

Chapter 4 investigates the dissimilar behavior of appositive relative clauses introduced by the complex relative pronoun o qual in Contemporary European Portuguese and earlier stages of Portuguese. From a descriptive point of view, eight contrasting properties are identified, relative to: (1) additional internal head; (2) extraposition; (3) pied-piping; (4) clausal antecedents; (5) split antecedents; (6) coordination of the wh-pronoun with another DP; (7) illocutionary force; and (8) the presence of a coordinator. From a theoretical point of view, it is argued that the same structural analysis cannot alone derive the contrasting properties of appositive relativization. To account for the variation found in the diachronic and cross-linguistic dimensions, it is claimed that appositive relatives might involve two different structures: specifying coordination and head raising.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COMBINED PLANE STEEL GUYED TOWER-MAST

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algirdas Juozapaitis ◽  
Donatas Jatulis ◽  
Antanas Šapalas
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internal Forces

One of the most effective and widely used high-rise telecommunication structures are steel towers and guyed masts. The behaviour, analysis and application fields are exhaustively discussed in a number of scientific publications. The main advantages of tower structures are low building area, however, from the point of view of steel consumptions, such structures are not effective enough. For technical-economic efficiency not only the rational types of cross sections for typical mast elements are selected, but also various combined structural systems are developed and implemented. Flat tower-masts are also known. They are combined from a single plain truss supported out of its plane by guys. In this case, such mixed system is able to carry acting loads and actions in one direction like a tower and in other direction – like a mast. From a technicaleconomic point of view, such system stands in the intermediate position between the guyed mast and the tower. The major weakness of such framework is relatively great depth and the cross sectional area of the chords of the tower truss which is caused by the relatively high values of the bending moment in the chord acting in the plane of guys and the large buckling length of the chord out of truss plane. It must be stressed that wind action on the investigated structure directly depends on the dimensions of the chord cross section. This paper deals with the new combined plain tower-mast structure the chords of which out of plane are stiffened by and inserted between the guys connecting joints and the double-sided strut members. These members are pre-stressed to avoid compression induced by transverse loading. The analysis of the behavior of a separate strut system under transversal loading is performed and analytical expressions for determining internal forces and displacements in its members with and without pre-stressing are provided. The minimum values of the required pre-stressing in ties of the strut system are described. It is proved that a proper choice of the parameters of structural components gives a possibility of obtaining a favorable distribution of bending moments in the chord. On the basis of numerical experiments, a comparison between the results defined analytically and ones determined by the means of the Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis program is performed. The accuracy of the proposed analytical method is discussed. For defining the behaviour peculiarities of the new combined structural system and for estimating its technical-economic efficiency, the numerical experiment by the means of FEM program (Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis) was carried out. Analysis was performed using 98 meter high ordinary and new guyed tower-mast structures with guys fixed at four levels. The member sections of the analyzed structures designed according to the values of the defined acting internal forces are presented. It is estimated that using strut members helps in considerably reducing (about 4,8 times) the maximum values of bending moments in the chords of tower truss. It was estimated that depth between the chords in a new combined system was 2 times lesser than that in the ordinary tower – mast system. It is shown that in case of the same cross section and value of the pre-stressing force, the value of the vertical reaction of the new strutted tower-mast system on foundation was 1,65 time lesser than that in the ordinary system. Conclusions and recommendations are provided.

scholarly journals CRUCIAL FACTORS FOR IMPROVING THE ISO 14001 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna EJDYS ◽  
Alina MATUSZAK-FLEJSZMAN ◽  
Michał SZYMANSKI ◽  
Leonas USTINOVICHIUS ◽  
Galina SHEVCHENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Iso 14001 ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Environmental Management Systems ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
System Improvement

The practice of using environmental management systems (EMS) ISO 14001 at the organisational level indicates that the efficacy of such solutions depends on many factors, both endogenous and exogenous in nature. This article aims to identify the fac- tors that determine the opportunities for the improvement of EMS in organisations, the analysis of the relationship between the factors and the classification of the factors due to their role in the system improvement. The structural analysis was used to classify and identify the key factors and then to categorize these factors into five groups. Finally, the role of these key factors in improving environmental management systems was exam- ined. Based on the findings, guidelines can be offered to both scholars and practitioners regarding the factors crucial for the improvement of the EMS. Aiming to add value to the existing literature, the structural analysis was adapted to classification and identification of the key factors. From the point of view of practitioners, it seems to be very profitable to concentrate on the crucial factors during the process of EMS improvement.

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