scholarly journals Patient safety best practices related to medication management in two public hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Clarice Chemello ◽  
Renata Gonçalves Diniz ◽  
Mariana Gonzaga Do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the compliance with the ISEP-Brazil patient safety good practice indicators related to medication management. It also aims to evaluate the applicability and limitations of these indicators in these hospitals. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in two large hospitals (H1 e H2) of the Minas Gerais public hospital network. The Group 5 indicators (medication management) and additional information on the safety profile were collected in both hospitals in February 2018, through an on-site visit. The difference between the proportions of the items met at H1 and H2 was evaluated using the Pearson chi-square test at a level of statistical significance of 5%. Results: Both hospitals satisfactorily meet more than 65% of the items evaluated (H1=71.2%, H2=66.7%), with H1 meeting three more items (n=42) than H2 (n=39). There was no statistically significant difference between the proportions of items in compliance at H1 and H2 (p = 0.69). However, through additional collection, activities that were not evaluated by the ISEP-Brazil indicators which may contribute to patient safety were detected, especially in H1. Examples are clinical activities, computerization of the dispensing and emergency carts, daily check of dispensing errors. Conclusion: A considerable proportion of sub-items followed the ISEP-Brazil indicators in hospitals. Although there was no statistically significant difference between these proportions, the additional on-site diagnosis allowed identification of a safer medication system in H1.

scholarly journals Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de um colégio militar

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Paixão Fayer ◽  
Maria Marta Conrado ◽  
Luciano Miranda ◽  
Renato Melo Ferreira ◽  
Everton Rocha Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Military College

Introdução: Nas últimas décadas aumentou o número de pessoas acima do peso, incluindo crianças e adolescentes, fato que é considerado preocupante, pois pode acarretar diversas doenças crônicas, em longo prazo.Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de um colégio militar, investigando possíveis diferenças entre os sexos e as faixas etárias.Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, transversal, do qual participaram 381 escolares de um colégio militar de Minas Gerais, de 11 a 17 anos, sendo 213 meninos e 168 meninas. Calculou-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC) que foi classificado segundo o PROESP-BR. Para testar diferenças entre os sexos, utilizou-se o teste do Qui-Quadrado (X2) e para testar a relação entre idade e IMC, utilizou-se a correlação de Pearson. Significância estatística: p < 0,05.Resultados: Foi observado sobrepeso em 17,8% (n = 68) e de obesidade em 5,8% (n = 22) dos escolares. Houve correlação positiva entre a idade cronológica e o IMC (r = 0,32; p < 0,0001). Não houve correlação entre estado nutricional e faixa etária. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os sexos, em relação ao sobrepeso e à obesidade (16,9% e 6,6% nos meninos vs. 19,0% e 4,8% nas meninas, respectivamente).Conclusão: A prevalência sobrepeso e obesidade nos escolares do colégio militar, em conjunto, foi de 23,6%, tanto nos meninos quanto nas meninas, sem diferença significativa entre as faixas etárias. Essa prevalência foi similar à média de escolares brasileiros.Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Students of a Military SchoolIntroduction: Over the past few decades, the number of overweight people, including children and adolescents has increased significantly, a fact that is considered worrying, as it can lead to several chronic diseases in the long term.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren of a military college, investigating possible differences between sexes and age groups.Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out in which 381 students from a military school in Minas Gerais, aged 11 to 17 years, were 213 boys and 168 girls. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to the PROESP-BR. To test for gender differences, the Chi-square test (X2) was used and Pearson's correlation was used to test the relationship between age and BMI. Statistical significance: p <0.05.Results: Overweight was observed in 17.8% (n = 68) and obesity in 5.8% (n = 22) of the students. There was a positive correlation between chronological age and BMI (r = 0.32; p <0.0001). There was no correlation between nutritional status and age range. No significant differences were observed between genders regarding overweight and obesity (16.9% and 6.6% in boys vs. 19.0% and 4.8% in girls, respectively).Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the students of the military college, together, was 23.6% in both boys and girls, with no significant difference between age groups. This prevalence was similar to the average of Brazilian schoolchildren.

scholarly journals INFLUENCIA DEL ESTILO DE VIDA EN EL ESTADO DE SALUD DE LOS ADULTOS MAYORES.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Erika Toapaxi ◽  
Yeisy Guarate ◽  
Nadihezka Cusme
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Introducción: El estilo de vida es aquella elección consciente o inconsciente de practicar ciertos comportamientos que se van adquiriendo con el paso del tiempo y que en ocasiones son difíciles de modificar, influyendo principalmente en la salud. Objetivo: Analizar el estilo de vida y su influencia en el estado de salud de los adultos mayores del Sector la Unión, Provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, transversal, con una muestra censal de 35 adultos mayores, se aplicó el instrumento fantástico y el cuestionario Salud SF-12, ambos instrumentos válidos y confiables. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados a través del software estadístico PSPP, por medio del cálculo de la distribución numérica, porcentual y la prueba de Chi Cuadrado, con significancia estadística (p<0.05). Resultados: En los datos demográficos predominan el sexo en 63%, 71% son indígenas, el 44% con edad entre 60-70 años, en los adultos mayores predominó el estilo de vida bueno con una diferencia significativa p<0,05 en relación al estilo de vida fantástico y regular, en la alimentación la mayoría consume dietas hiposódicas y bajas en grasas, mantienen un peso adecuado, automedicación ocasional y 43% presenta dolor corporal que dificulta un poco sus labores. Conclusiones: La población mantiene un estilo de vida adecuado, sin embargo, se evidenció debilidades que se deben fortalecer con actividades educativas de promoción de salud como el poco consumo frutas y verduras, hábitos cafeicos frecuentes. Palabras clave: adulto mayor, estilo de vida, hábitos saludables, alimentación.  ABSTRACT Introduction: The lifestyle is that conscious or unconscious choice to practice certain behaviors that are acquired over time and that are sometimes difficult to modify, mainly influencing health. Objective: To analyze the lifestyle and its influence on the health status of the elderly in the Sector La Unión, Province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Methods: Quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional study, with a census sample of 35 older adults, the fantastic instrument and the SF-12 Health questionnaire were applied, both valid and reliable instruments. The data obtained were processed through the PSPP statistical software, through the calculation of the numerical distribution, percentage and the Chi Square test, with statistical significance (p <0.05). Results: In the demographic data, sex predominates in 63%, 71% are indigenous, 44% aged between 60-70 years, in older adults the good lifestyle predominated with a significant difference p <0.05 in relation to a fantastic and regular lifestyle, most of them consume low-sodium and low-fat diets, maintain an adequate weight, occasional self-medication and 43% have body pain that makes their work a little difficult. Conclusions: The population maintains an adequate lifestyle, however, weaknesses were evidenced that should be strengthened with educational activities to promote health such as low consumption of fruits and vegetables, frequent coffee habits. Keywords: elderly, lifestyle, healthy habits, eating

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

Attitude towards online classes among school and college going students during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3446
Author(s):  
Saurav Kumar ◽  
Shiv Prakash ◽  
Mona Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
College Going ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of the school and college-going students towards online classes. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted on 228 school and college-going students fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria selected through purposive sampling methods. A semi-structured online questionnaire consisting of a socio-demographic questionnaire and Attitude towards online classes (ATOC) questionnaire was prepared by the researcher using Google form. The link of the questionnaire was sent to all the selected respondents through WhatsApp messages and emails. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 20 software. The reliability of the attitude questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha test. The association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi-square tests. The comparison between variables was assessed using the students independent t-test.Results: More than half of the respondents (51.32%) were found with a positive attitude towards online classes. There was a significant association found between attitude towards online classes and socio-demographic variables such as age (p<0.05), academic level (p<0.05), and family income (p<0.01). The respondents who attended online classes (p<0.05), have technical knowledge (p<0.01), and got supported by their parents in the study (p<0.05) were found significantly high positive attitudes towards online classes. There was a significant difference found in the attitude of the respondents who faced psychological disturbances such as a decline in attention-concentration (p<0.05), irritation-anger (p<0.01), and tension (p<0.05) due to online classes.Conclusions: Although, online classes are more beneficial for the students and teachers in their academic activities during the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic but it can’t take place of traditional face-to-face classes. 

scholarly journals Is there an association between skeletal asymmetry and tooth absence?

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Thiesen ◽  
Bruno Frazão Gribel ◽  
Keila Cristina Rausch Pereira ◽  
Maria Perpetua Mota Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Midsagittal Plane ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Posterior Tooth ◽  
Mandibular Asymmetry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skeletal Asymmetry

ABSTRACT Introduction: Facial skeletal asymmetry is commonly found in humans and its main characteristic is menton deviation. The literature suggests that occlusal and masticatory problems arising from tooth absence could be related to the development of such asymmetries. Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of mandibular skeletal asymmetries and to investigate its association with posterior tooth absences. Methods: Tomographic images of 952 individuals aged from 18 to 75 years old were used. Asymmetry was the analyzed outcome, and it was categorized into three groups according to gnathion displacement in relation to the midsagittal plane (relative symmetry, moderate asymmetry, and severe asymmetry). Patients were sorted by the presence of all posterior teeth, unilateral posterior tooth absence, or bilateral posterior tooth absence. Chi-square test with a significance level of 5% was used to verify the association between posterior tooth absence and asymmetry. Results: Results show relative symmetry present in 55.3% of the sample, as well as the prevalence of 27.3% for moderate mandibular asymmetry and 17.4% for severe asymmetry. Moderate and severe mandibular asymmetries occurred in a higher proportion in patients with unilateral posterior tooth absence. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the analyzed groups (p = 0.691). Conclusions: In this study, mandibular asymmetries did not present any association with the absence of teeth on the posterior area of the arch.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injuries and their relation with predisposing factors among 8-15 years old school children of Indore city, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preene Juneja ◽  
Sadanand Kulkarni ◽  
Sapna Raje
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traumatic Dental Injuries ◽  
Dental Injuries

Background. Dental injuries result in functional, esthetic and psychological disturbances accompanied by great concern from the child, the parent and the dentist. Oral injuries are fourth most common area of bodily injuries among 7-30 year-old individuals.Aim. a) To assess the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and their relation with predisposing factors among 8-15 years old school children in Indore city, India.b) To collect baseline data as there have been no reported studies of TDI in central India to this date.Methods. A cross sectional study was carried out among 4000 children of 60 schools in Indore using multistage random sampling method. Examination of permanent incisor teeth was done in accordance with the modified Elli’s and Davey Classification using a standard mouth mirror and probe. Subjects who had clinical evidence of trauma were interviewed for details of the injury event by using structured questionnaire. Chi square test was used to analyze the distribution of all the measurement in this study at the statistical significance of 0.05.Results. Among the 4000 children of 60 schools examined, 10.2% experienced TDI. 68.38% boys experienced TDI, which was approximately twice as higher in females being 31.62%. The most commonly affected teeth were maxillary central incisors. A higher number of children with incisal overjet greater than 3 mm had TDI than those with less than 3mm, although this difference was not statistically significant. Lip closure incompetence was found to be more common in subjects having a TDI. Fall was the most common cause for TDI and place of occurrence was home. Most common type of fracture was class I and most of them were untreated.Conclusion. The high level of dental trauma and low percentage of children with trauma seeking treatment stresses the need for increased awareness in Indore population.

scholarly journals Denver Developmental Screening Test in two-year old infants delivered by vacuum extraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Meriah Sembiring ◽  
Iskandar Iskandar ◽  
Amir Syarifuddin ◽  
Bistok Saing
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Developmental Screening ◽  
Vacuum Extraction ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Developmental Retardation ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to determine the developmental retardation of infants of two years of age who were delivered by vacuum extraction. This cross-sectional study examined 44 infants delivered by vacuum extraction, comprising 25 males and 19 females who were born in Tembakau Deli and St. Elizabeth Hospitals, between August 1993 until February 1994. The examination included interview and physical examination in the patient's house. Chi-square statistics analysis was used with a significant level of 95% (1'=0.05). The results showed Ihat of the 44 infants delivered by vacuum extraction. 28 (32%) had had were found with mild asphyxia, while 2 infants (5%). whose mothers work as private clerk and entrepreneur, had development retardation. We concluded that there was no significant difference in development between infants delivered by vacuum extraction and those who were born spontaneously. Developmental retardation was found in infants whose mothers lack time to communicate.

The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽  
Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽  
Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽  
Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽  
Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

scholarly journals Oral Hygiene Practice And Perceived Oral Malodour Among Dental And Medical Undergraduate Students Of Bahria University Medical And Dental College

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Beenish Fatima Alam ◽  
Hira Raza ◽  
Shizma junejo ◽  
Marium Azfar ◽  
Tuba Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medical Undergraduate Students

Objective: To determine the differences of self-perception of halitosis and oral hygiene practices among the medical and dental undergraduate students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted over duration of 9 months amongst the medical and dental undergraduate students of Bahria University Medical and Dental College. The questionnaires were distributed to 298 students. Questionnaire employed for this study was adopted and modified from the study conducted by Khalid Almas et al. Descriptive statistics were checked by means of percentages and frequency for all variables. Chi-square test was applied to check significant difference among the responses given by the medical and dental undergraduate students. Results: The response rate for the survey was about 85%. 55% of dental and 17 % of medical students were able to smell their breath. About having examination by dentist about 73% of medical students agreed as compared to 53% of dental students. Both medical and dental students preferred having examination done by the dentist. For management of halitosis, dentist was preferred by 62% of the dental students, while 97% of the medical students did not agree. 62% of the dental students preferred using traditional medications, while 82% of the medical students preferred using self-medications for treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is not a high level of agreement among dental and medical students concerning the detection and management of halitosis. Although large percent of the respondents claimed to be aware of dentistry, our findings revealed low level of knowledge and attitude to Dentistry by the medical undergraduate students. Efforts should be made towards closing this knowledge gap to attain effective oral health.

scholarly journals Assessment of role of mandibular third molar in lower anterior crowding among orthodontic patients of Kathmandu Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Bashu Dev Pant ◽  
Anjana Rajbhandari ◽  
Resina Pradhan ◽  
Manju Bajracharya ◽  
Surendra Maharjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anterior Crowding ◽  
Mandibular Third Molar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Introduction: Crowding in mandibular arch increases with increasing age and etiology of crowding is multifactorial in nature. Role of mandibular third molar in lower anterior crowding remains a topic of controvery over a period of century. The objective of this study was to assess whether there is any correlation between presence of mandibular third molar position and lower anterior crowding. Materials and Method: On the basis of third molar position one hundred and six sample of pretreatment orthodontic patients aged between 17 to 38 years were divided into erupted, erupting and agenesis group. The study was conducted in Peoples Dental College and Hospital from January 2020 to March 2020 after obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review committee. This cross-sectional study was done on dental casts and orthopantomogram; brass wire was used for measuring arch length and digital vernier caliper for measuring tooth material with modified segmental arch analysis method. Result: Among 106 samples collected 55 (51.88%) were female and 51(48.11%) were male and the mean age was 21.53 ± 3.91 years, Chi square and ANOVA test was used for Statistical analysis. This study showed no statistically significant differences between third molar position and lower anterior crowding on right (P= 0.68) and left side (P = 0.45). The study also showed that association between the third molar position and lower anterior crowding is more on left side compared to right side. Conclusion: Mandibular third molars have not statistically significant difference in lower anterior crowding so, extraction of third molars for relieving the anterior crowding is not justifiable

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