scholarly journals MORPHODYNAMIC CLASSIFICATION OF CHANNEL OF SUKIL RIVER

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-279
Author(s):  
Nazar Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Apical Part ◽  
Channel Processes ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Narrow Valley ◽  
Incised Channel ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
Confined Channel ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Channel Type

The morphodynamic classification of the Sukil river channel made it possible to determine the hydromorphological processes and to study the factors that determine them. The channel was classified according to the method of R.S. Chalov. Three main classification criteria were taken into account: the geomorphological type of conditions for the formation of the channel; the type of channel processes; the mophrodynamic type of channel. According to the geomorphological type of channel-forming conditions, the channel is divided into the incised channel – located mainly in mountainous and semi-mountainous parts with a characteristic the narrow valley, laid in sandstones, siltstones, and argillites; confined channel – located in intermountain basins, with one bank of channel composed of bedrock, and the other – of Quaternary sediments; wide-floodplain channel – mainly located in the lower part of the channel on the Stryi-Zhydachiv basin, laid in the Quaternary deposits of loams and sands. According to the type of channel processes, the channels with developed alluvial forms and without developed alluvial forms are dominant. Together they make up 2/3 of the channel. Other types of channels are wide-floodplain – characterized by slow flow and stable development of the meandering process, and rapid-waterfall – located in the upper reaches of the channel. The latter is characterized by a stormy current and the presence of numerous rapids made of boulders and wood. There are 3 main morphodynamic types of the channel – meandering, branched, and straightforward, and 6 their subtypes. Meandering, incised channels are characterized by structural meanders, their shores are composed of hard rocks, mostly sandstones. The meandering confined channels are defined by the root bank in the apical part and the upper wing along the root bank, which leads to the formation of segmental and blockage convolutions. Meandering, broad-flooded channels are characterized by longitudinal displacement of meanders, their convolutions are segmented, rarely loop-shaped. The coefficient of meandering gradually increases from the mountainous part of the channel to the plain one (1.10–1.35). Branched type is represented by a single complex and floodplain-channel subtypes. The size of the islands that divide the channel into arms is from a few meters to 350–400 m. The straightforward type of channel is widespread and is 1/3 of the total length of the river. Key words: channel type; straightforward; branched; meandering; incised; confined; floodplain.

Channel type and salmonid spawning distribution and abundance

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Montgomery ◽  
Eric M Beamer ◽  
George R Pess ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Channel Processes ◽  
Channel Networks ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Channel Slope ◽  
Bed Mobility ◽  
Channel Type

Consideration of fundamental channel processes, together with map-based and field investigations, indicates that stream channel type influences salmonid spawning distributions across entire channel networks and salmonid abundance within channel reaches. Our analysis suggests that salmonid spawning patterns in mountain drainage basins of the Pacific Northwest are adapted to, among other things, the timing and depth of channel bed mobility. We hypothesize that because the bed of pool-riffle and plane-bed reaches scours to a variable fraction of the thickness of alluvium, survival to emergence is favored by either burying eggs below the annual scour depth or avoiding egg burial during times of likely bed mobility. Conversely, annual mobility of all available spawning gravel in steeper step-pool and cascade channels favors either adaptations that avoid egg burial during times of likely bed mobility or selection of protected microhabitats. Consistent with these expectations, we find that salmonid spawning distributions track channel slope distributions in several west-slope Pacific Northwest watersheds, implying that spatial differences in channel processes influence community structure in these rainfall-dominated drainage basins. More detailed field surveys confirm that different channel types host differential use by spawning salmonids and reveal finer-scale influences of pool spacing on salmonid abundance.

scholarly journals Geography of braided rivers within the territory of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
R. S. Chalov ◽  
E. R. Chalova
Keyword(s):  
River Channels ◽  
Channel Processes ◽  
Channel Changes ◽  
Braided Rivers ◽  
Meandering Channels ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Incised Channel ◽  
Structural Levels ◽  
First Time

The paper represents the geographical analysis of braided river channels development and distribution for the first time in Russian Scientific Literature. On asmall-scale map of Russia we display the distribution of braided channels on small and middle mountain, semi-mountain and plain rivers, in free and limited conditions of channel changes development (on rivers with wide floodplain and incised channel), which are determined by geologic-geomorphologic structure of the territory. On the large and largest rivers we distinguish braided reaches of different morphological types according to the MSU classification (single, conjugated, one-sided and alternate one-sided, sub-parallel branches, etc) and also bifurcations as aconsequence of meander cut-off which complicate the morphology of straight and meandering channels. Separately we display bifurcations on the other structural levels of channel processes development point mid-channel bifurcations on mountain reaches of large rivers, split channels and deltaic braided reaches. The causes of different types of braided channels development in different natural conditions are described.

scholarly journals Quaternary lithostratigraphic units (Belgium)

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans GULLENTOPS ◽  
Frieda BOGEMANS ◽  
Guy De MOOR ◽  
Etienne PAULISSEN ◽  
Albert PISSART
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Fluvial Deposits ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Slope Deposits ◽  
Eolian Deposits

The lithostratigraphic classification of the Quaternary deposits is based on the genesis of the sediments. The distinguished environments are marine - estuarine, fluvial, eolian and slope. The marine - estuarine deposits are restricted to certain time-intervals within the Quaternary and are limited to the northern part of Belgium. Fluvial deposits are found throughout the Quaternary. On the basis of the sedimentological - lithological differentials within the Meuse basin and the Schelde basin a bipartite subdivision of the fluvial deposits is introduced. Eolian deposits are differentiated on the basis of their grain size distribution, namely sand and silt. The sandy deposits are accumulated in the northern part of Belgium, whereas loess is deposited in the more southern part of the country. Slope deposits are not restricted regionally neither temporally.

Critical Analysis of Digital Steganography

2011 ◽  
pp. 352-382
Author(s):  
Hafiz Malik
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Information Hiding ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Covert Channel ◽  
Covert Communication ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Channel Type

This chapter provides critical analysis of current state-of-the-art in steganography. First part of the this chapter provides the classification of steganography based on the underlying information hiding methodology used and covert-channel type, and desired features of the information hiding used for covert communication. This chapter also discusses various known steganalysis techniques developed to counteract the covert-communication and highlights limitations of existing steganographic techniques. Performance analysis of commonly used shareware/freeware steganographic tools and steganalysis tools is also provided in this chapter. Some open problems in covert-communication are also discussed.

Stratigraphy of near-valley head quaternary deposits and evidence of climate-driven slope-channel processes in southern Brazilian highlands

CATENA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Accioly Teixeira de Oliveira ◽  
Hermann Behling ◽  
Luiz Carlos Ruiz Pessenda ◽  
Gisele Leite de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Channel Processes ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Slope Channel

scholarly journals Classification of the Severnaya Dvina River and the Vychegda River Channel Sections According to Complexity of Channel Processes and their Management Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-50
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Channel Formation ◽  
Channel Stability ◽  
Channel Processes ◽  
Water Economics ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
European North ◽  
Integral Estimation ◽  
Formation Conditions ◽  
First Time

The complexity of the control conditions for channel processes is examined by the case of the Severnaya Dvina River and its main tributary the Vychegda River, which are both the most important waterways of the European North of Russia. The developed and approved earlier methodology was applied to rank rivers in by the channel stability, the load and composition of sediments (the factor was applied for the first time to the rivers under study), water capacity, geological and geomorphological conditions of the channel formation conditions (embedded riverbeds or channels with wide floodplain), evolution of different morpho/dynamic types of channel, abundance and mode of deformations of riffles. The latter factor controls both possibility and features of regulative works when designing activities in water economics, navigation and construction. The data on the sediment amounts dredged from riverbeds to ensure the waterway functioning are demonstrated to be the integral estimation of the control conditions for channel processes.

scholarly journals NEOGENE AND QUATERNARY CONTINENTAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF GREECE BASED ON MAMMALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Koufos
Keyword(s):  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Continental Deposits ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
Mammal Faunas ◽  
Of Greece

Most basins of Greece were filled with thick Neogene-Quaternary continental deposits, which include a large number of mammal fossiliferous sites. The investigations of the last 40 years in the various basins of Greece led to the discovery of many new fossiliferous sites. The extensive, long time and continuous excavations in the new fossiliferous sites as well as in the previously known ones - like the classical localities of Axios Valley, Pikermi and Samos Island - provided numerous fossils enriching remarkably the Greek fossil mammal record. The systematic study of these collections provided numerous data for their biochronology. Further magnetostratigraphic, radiometric or other methods of absolute chronology provided additional chronological data for the mammal faunas and the corresponding deposits. The correlation of all these data allowed the biostratigraphic classification of the continental Neogene Quaternary deposits of Greece which is given in the biostratigraphic tables of the present article. From these tables it is clear that for some time-intervals (Late Miocene, Early Pleistocene) the data are abundant allowing a detailed biostratigraphy, but for some others (Early- Middle Miocene, Pliocene, and for some time-spans of Early Pleistocene) the data are  imited or missing and cannot allow an accurate and complete biostratigraphy.

scholarly journals Rotary Millstones of the 9th–11th Centuries from the Excavations of the Mangup Princely Palace

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Valentin Gantsev
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
The Difference

Introduction. By the results of excavations of the Palace of Principality of Theodoro (1425–1475), a number of architectural and archaeological sites of the pre-palace and post-palace times were revealed. The cultural layer of the middle 9th–11th centuries in the history of Mangup settlement is quite expressive in the Palace complex. The find of three rotary millstones in this layer testifies the connection of local population with farming. Methods. The study is based on a comparative analysis of medieval rotary millstones of the 9th–11th centuries, which were found on the territory of the Palace of Principality of Theodoro and synchronous monuments of the Crimea and the Khazar Kaganate. Analysis. Millstones from excavations of the Palace are assigned to group I, according to the classification of R.S. Minasyan; according to the typology developed by V.K. Mikheev, one millstone is from type IIA2, the other two are from type IA1. Two millstones opened in a single complex allow to reconstruct a mill device based on the use of manual force. By means of a rotary rod attached at one end to a beam or ceiling, and the other to a side bearing attached to a handstone, the latter was given a rotational movement; the questone was not movable. The gap between millstones was regulated by a thrust bearing; the pivot fixed in the lower millstone centered the slider. The search of analogies to the Mangup millstones on synchronous Crimean monuments is difficult due to the insufficient publication of this category of artifacts (visual similarities are traced with the millstones discovered during excavations of Tepsen, settlements of the Baydarskaya valley, Kyz-Kermen). Results. A comparison with the millstones of the Saltovo-Mayak culture demonstrates the difference in the design of the mill device. Most of the upper millstones discovered in the Saltovo-Mayak settlements have a special recess (sometimes more than one) for a short lever-handle, which makes them more mobile in contrast to the millstones found in the Crimea, the design of which is based on the use of a rotary rod. This fact allows us to talk about different economic and cultural traditions. In addition, millstones could serve not only for grain processing, but also for grinding legumes and oil.

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