Dried blood samples for transportation and analysis during poultry post-vaccination control

Abstract Background To investigate effects of prior influenza exposure on vaccine-elicited humor immune responses to circulating influenza variants. Method We randomly selected 360 participants in previous clinical trials stratified by age. Blood samples before and 28 days after vaccination were collected and tested by hemagglutination-inhibition tests against both vaccine strains and circulating variants during the 2015–2016 influenza seasons in China. The antigenic map was plotted and antigenic distance was calculated. Results Subjects with H1-priming had higher cross-reactive antibodies titers against A/JiangsuTinghu/11019/2015(H3N2) compared with subjects with B-priming did (Padjusted=0.038). Subjects with H1-priming also had higher cross-reactive antibodies titers against A/Jiangsu Qinhuai/11059/2015(H3N2) than subjects with both H1 and B priming did (Padjusted=0.036). Nevertheless, subjects with no H1 and B-priming had higher cross-reactive antibodies titers against A/Jiangsu Qinhuai/11059/2015(H3N2) than subjects with both H1 and B priming did (Padjusted=0.012). Antigenic distance was well-matched with serological results. Besides, age-specific differences in human post-vaccination responses against the identical circulating strain was noted. And children had most cross-reactive response to both H3N2 and B-yamagata subtypes. Conclusion Our results suggest that prior exposure to H1 or B influenza virus may influence cross-reactivity of H3-specific post-vaccination responses and consequently could influence the vaccine effectiveness. Our findings also support that there are age-specific differences in human post-vaccination responses.

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Efficacy of chicken anemia vaccine in broiler parent stock

10.33109/bjvmjj19am3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Z. Ali ◽

S. S. Dahiya ◽

M. M. Moula ◽

S. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Antibody Titer ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Test Methods ◽

Chicken Anemia Virus ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Parent Stock ◽

Anemia Virus

Background: Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is an important poultry pathogen, which causes immunosuppression and varying levels of mortality. Poultry production is a major livelihood for the people in Bangladesh. The broiler parent stock of Bangladesh using vaccine against CAV but the efficacy of this vaccine against CAV is not well understood. The present study highlights the vaccine efficacy of CAV and maternal transfer of antibodies to the hatched chicks. Methods: Total 7 broiler parent stock (Cobb 500) farms were selected from 7 districts of Bangladesh. Vaccines against CAV administer single time at 80 days of age by live Nobilis® CAV P4 vaccine. Total 516 blood samples were collected in 6 times (at 0, 17, 25, 33, 41 and 49 weeks) from each farm. Then again 143 blood samples were collected from next generation broiler chicks of corresponding broiler parent stock farms at 0, 15 and 30 days. There was no CAV vaccine used in this broiler. Test methods were indirect ELISA test for the detection of blood antibody level against CAV by commercially available kits. Results: No adverse reactions were observed in any of the birds during the course of the study. Our results suggest that the CAV antibody starts decreasing 10 weeks post vaccination. Moreover, a substantial maternal antibody titer has been observed in all groups of chicken hatched out from the earlier vaccinated birds which is sufficient to protect up to first 30 days of life. Conclusions: The antibody titer against CAV become declined after 10 weeks of post vaccination to broiler parent stock and maternally derived antibody can protect chicks until 30 days of live. The study reports the efficacy of vaccination against CAV in Bangladesh and its possible implications in further optimizing the strategy for its vaccination.

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Use of Quantitative Dried Blood Spots to Evaluate the Post-Vaccination Level of Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Life ◽

10.3390/life11111125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1125

Author(s):

Alexandre Marchand ◽

Ingrid Roulland ◽

Florian Semence ◽

Olof Beck ◽

Magnus Ericsson

Keyword(s):

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Immune Status ◽

Clinical Chemistry ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Dried Blood Spots ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Blood Spot ◽

Over Time

To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are now given to protect populations worldwide. The level of neutralizing antibodies following the vaccination will evolve with time and vary between individuals. Immunoassays quantifying immunoglobulins against the viral spike (S) protein in serum/plasma have been developed, but the need for venous blood samples could limit the frequency and scale of control in populations. The use of a quantitative dried blood spot (DBS) that can be self-collected would simplify this monitoring. The objective of this study was to determine whether a quantitative DBS device (Capitainer qDBS 10 µL) could be used in combination with an Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay from Roche to follow the development and persistence of anti-S antibodies. This objective was carried out through two clinical studies. The first study investigated 14 volunteers who received two doses of the Comirnaty (Pfizer) vaccine. The levels of anti-S antibodies and the progression over time post-vaccination were studied for three months. The level of produced antibodies varied between subjects, but a similar trend was observed. The anti-S antibodies were highly stimulated by the second dose (×100) and peaked two weeks later. The antibody levels subsequently decreased and three months later were down to 65%. DBS proved to be sufficiently sensitive for use in evaluating the immune status against SARS-CoV-2 over a prolonged time. The second cohort was composed of 200 random patients from a clinical chemistry department in Stockholm. In this cohort, we had no information on previous COVID-19 infections or vaccination. Nevertheless, 87% of the subjects had anti-S immunoglobulins over 0.8 U/mL, and the bias between plasma and DBS proved to be variable, as was also seen in the first vaccination study.

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Protective levels of canine distemper virus antibody in an urban dog population using plaque reduction neutralization test

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v71i3.264 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

Author(s):

O.I. Oyedele ◽

D.O. Oluwayelu ◽

S.I.B. Cadmus ◽

F.D. Adu

Keyword(s):

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Canine Distemper Virus ◽

Neutralization Test ◽

Neutralization Assay ◽

Canine Distemper ◽

Virus Antibody ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Positive Serum

Blood samples from 50 dogs were collected at three veterinary clinics in Ibadan and Abuja, Nigeria and the serum from each sample was evaluated serologically for neutralizing antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV) by the highly sensitive plaque reduction (PRN) neutralization assay. Thirteen dogs had plaque reduction neutralization titres of 0-100, seven had titres of 100-1 000 while 30 had titres ranging from 1 000-6 000. The PRN titres of vaccinated dogs were found to be significantly higher than unvaccinated dogs. The widespread use of the highly reproducible PRN test for the evaluation of antibody response to CDV may be very important in the generation of international CDV positive serum standards that should help to improve pre-and post-vaccination testing of dogs worldwide.

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Immunogenicity of fowl typhoid vaccine in layer chickens

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4970 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 99-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J Ferdous ◽

MSR Khan ◽

F Begum ◽

J Hassan

Keyword(s):

Antibody Titre ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Typhoid Vaccine ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Fowl Typhoid ◽

Layer Chicken ◽

Group A ◽

Layer Chickens

The immunogenicity of available fowl typhoid vaccine was studied in layer chickens following usual and suggested schedule of vaccination. A total of 30 chickens were divided into three groups; group A (vaccinated following usual schedule of vaccination), B (vaccinated following suggested schedule of vaccination) and C (as control), each containing 10 layer chickens of Fayoumi breed. Chickens of group A and B were vaccinated with available fowl typhoid vaccine produced by the Governments laboratory at a dose rate of 0.5ml at each occasion through SC route, where 1st dose was administered at 42 days and 35 days of age, respectively, and 2nd dose at 72 days and 65 days of age, respectively. Blood samples were collected to obtain sera from each chicken at every 7 days interval up to 105 days post vaccination for determination of antibody titre following primary and secondary vaccination using microplate agglutination test. The highest mean antibody titre obtained from Group A was 460.8 than that of B was 435.2, respectively. Among the two groups, the highest mean antibody titre of 460.8 was obtained at 56 days post vaccination in group A following usual schedule of vaccination. It revealed that government supplied fowl typhoid vaccine induced higher level of antibody production in both usual and suggested schedule of vaccination. Keywords: Immunogenicity; Fowl Typhoid; Vaccine; Layer chicken; Suggested; Usual DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4970 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 99-102, 2009

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Real-World Effectiveness and Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV2 Vaccines in Patients on Hemodialysis

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ◽

10.1681/asn.2021060778 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. ASN.2021060778

Author(s):

Scott Sibbel ◽

Katherine McKeon ◽

Jiacong Luo ◽

Karl Wendt ◽

Adam Walker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Real World ◽

Lower Risk ◽

The United States ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Elevated Risk ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Efficacy Trials ◽

Large Representative

Background Patients on hemodialysis have an elevated risk for COVID-19 infection but were not included in efficacy trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Methods We conducted a retrospective, observational study to estimate the real-world effectiveness and immunogenicity of two mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in a large, representative population of adult hemodialysis patients in the United States. In separate, parallel analyses, patients who began a vaccination series with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in January and February 2021 were matched with unvaccinated patients and followed after they completed the first of two doses. In a subset of patients, blood samples were collected approximately 28 days after the second dose and anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G was measured. Results A total of 12,169 patients received the BNT162b2 vaccine (matched with 44,377 unvaccinated controls); 23,037 patients received the mRNA-1273 vaccine (matched with 63,243 unvaccinated controls). Compared with controls, vaccinated patients' risk of being diagnosed with COVID-19 post-vaccination became progressively lower after the first dose (day 1) to days ≥43. Following a COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccinated patients were significantly less likely than unvaccinated patients to be hospitalized (for BNT162b2, 28.0% versus 43.4%; for mRNA-1273, 37.2% versus 45.6%) and significantly less likely to die (for BNT162b2, 4.0% versus 12.1%; for mRNA-1273, 5.6% versus 14.5%). Antibodies were detected in 98.1% (309/315) and 96.0% (308/321) of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 patients, respectively. Conclusions In patients on hemodialysis, vaccination with BNT162b2 or mRNA-12 was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 diagnosis and significantly lower risk of hospitalization or death among those diagnosed with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in nearly all patients after vaccination. These findings support the use of these vaccines in this population.

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ELISA Based Anthrax Antibody Titer in Cattle Induced by Locally Prepared Anthrax Vaccine Originated from Sterne F-24 Strain in Bangladesh

Microbes and Health ◽

10.3329/mh.v4i1.23104 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 36-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jayedul Hassan ◽

Md Bahanur Rahman ◽

Shah Md Ziqrul Haq Chowdhury ◽

Shushanto Kumar Rabidas ◽

Md Shafiullah Parvej ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Value ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Anthrax Vaccine ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

And Control ◽

Adequate Antibody Response

Vaccination is usually practiced to prevent and control anthrax in Bangladesh. For this purpose, vaccine prepared from Sterne F-24 strain ofBacillus anthracisby Livestock Research Institute (LRI), Mohakhali, Dhakahas long been used in this country. However, in some cases anthrax occurred in vaccinated animals in Bangladesh. A total of 100 cattle at LalTeer Livestock Research and Development Farm, LalTeerLivestock Limited, Bangladesh, aging between 3-6 years and weighing between 250-400 kg were randomly selected for vaccination purpose. Blood samples (n=100) were collected before the vaccination for collecting pre-vaccination serum, andthe animals were vaccinated (at 1 mL/animal; 1x107 spores/mL) with the anthrax vaccine produced by LRI. All blood samples from the vaccinated animals were collected on day 7, 28, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 270, 300, 330, and 360 of post-vaccination, and serum samples were prepared. The antibody levels in the serum samples against anthrax were monitored using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Over the course of 12 months, the antibody titers were found at the level higher than the reference value. Though there were reports on anthrax suspected cases in this farm, no such cases were reported during the study period. Thus, the vaccine appears to induce adequate antibody response against anthrax in Bangladesh.Microbes and Health, January 2015. 4(1): 36-38

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Changes in Cell-Mediated Immunity (IFN-γ and Granzyme B) Following Influenza Vaccination

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13061137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1137

Author(s):

Naruhito Otani ◽

Kazuhiko Nakajima ◽

Kaori Ishikawa ◽

Kaoru Ichiki ◽

Takashi Ueda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes ◽

Interferon Gamma ◽

Granzyme B ◽

Cell Mediated Immunity ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Before And After ◽

Ifn Γ

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is considered a key moderator of cell-mediated immunity. However, little is known about its association with granzyme B, which plays an important role in the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In the present study, we collected blood samples from 32 healthy adults before and after vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine in 2017/18 to measure the levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B, which play roles in cell-mediated immunity, and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody, which plays a role in humoral immunity. The levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B were significantly correlated both before and after vaccination. Furthermore, the post-vaccine fold increases in the IFN-γ and granzyme B levels were significantly correlated. The levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B decreased five months after vaccination in more than half of the subjects who exhibited an increase in IFN-γ and granzyme B at two weeks post-vaccination. This is the first study to investigate the correlation between IFN-γ and granzyme B levels following influenza vaccination. Our study suggests that both IFN-γ and granzyme B can be used as markers of cell-mediated immunity.

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Stability of antioxidant vitamins in whole human blood during overnight storage at 4°C and frozen storage up to 6 months

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000485 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 88 (3-4) ◽

pp. 151-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Scott W. Leonard ◽

Gerd Bobe ◽

Maret G. Traber

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Frozen Storage ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Sample Handling

Abstract. To determine optimal conditions for blood collection during clinical trials, where sample handling logistics might preclude prompt separation of erythrocytes from plasma, healthy subjects (n=8, 6 M/2F) were recruited and non-fasting blood samples were collected into tubes containing different anticoagulants (ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), Li-heparin or Na-heparin). We hypothesized that heparin, but not EDTA, would effectively protect plasma tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and vitamin E catabolites (α- and γ-CEHC) from oxidative damage. To test this hypothesis, one set of tubes was processed immediately and plasma samples were stored at −80°C, while the other set was stored at 4°C and processed the following morning (~30 hours) and analyzed, or the samples were analyzed after 6 months of storage. Plasma ascorbic acid, as measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection (LC-ECD) decreased by 75% with overnight storage using EDTA as an anticoagulant, but was unchanged when heparin was used. Neither time prior to processing, nor anticoagulant, had any significant effects upon plasma α- or γ-tocopherols or α- or γ-CEHC concentrations. α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations remained unchanged after 6 months of storage at −80°C, when measured using either LC-ECD or LC/mass spectrometry. Thus, refrigeration of whole blood at 4°C overnight does not change plasma α- or γ-tocopherol concentrations or their catabolites. Ascorbic acid is unstable in whole blood when EDTA is used as an anticoagulant, but when whole blood is collected with heparin, it can be stored overnight and subsequently processed.

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