MEASURE COMPLEX SUPPORTING SAFETY AND EFFECTUVE OPERATION OF MUNICIPAL BUSES UNDER WINTER CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Sergey Bulatov
Keyword(s):  
Residual Life ◽  
Technical State ◽  
Manufacturing Equipment ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
On Line ◽  
State Changes ◽  
The City

The effectiveness of manufacturing equipment use taking into account its productivity and reliability for faulty parts of transmission units in municipal buses is estimated. The on-line mode is the most effective method of control allowing the tracking of the processes of technical state changes in municipal buses. As a result of monitoring there were obtained selected data on PAZ-3205 municipal bus operated under winter conditions in the city of Ohrenburg. During the trip there was recorded 39.1 l/100km petrol consumption. The residual life of the PAZ-3205 municipal bus was 1800km.

Development of a Ceramic Particulate Trap for Urban Buses

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Cornetti ◽  
P. P. Messori ◽  
C. Operti
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Ceramic Filter ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Ceramic Particulate ◽  
On Line ◽  
Urban Bus ◽  
The City ◽  
Complete Regeneration ◽  
Fuel Burner

Main aspects concerning the development of a burner-assisted ceramic particulate trap for diesel engines equipping urban buses have been examined. First of all the basic phenomena causing particulate accumulation inside the filter and chemical and physical parameters controlling regeneration have been studied. Then systematic measurements were performed in different running conditions on an urban bus equipped with a ceramic filter using a diesel fuel burner to start regeneration in order to verify the theoretical approach. These tests showed that: (1) The amount of particulate collected by the trap is a function of the different flat and/or hilly circuits inside the city; (2) regeneration has to be started with a proper amount of particulate collected (too little does not allow complete regeneration, too much is dangerous for trap life). Therefore an on-line continuous monitoring system of the particulate collected has been developed. When a certain level is exceeded, the filter is bypassed and regeneration starts. The system is based on the direct measurement of the exhaust flow by means of a Venturi and the pressure loss on the trap. The amount of particulate is defined by real time comparison of Venturi differential pressure and filter pressure loss. Urban buses were purposely designed in order to be equipped with a ceramic particulate trap plus the control unit. Tests of the system have been successfully performed on the buses operated on flat and hilly circuits inside the city.

Performance of temporary tie-backs under winter conditions

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Morgenstern ◽  
D. C. Sego
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Sheet Pile ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The City ◽  
Sheet Pile Wall

The construction of an underpass in the City of Edmonton required the temporary relocation of the CNR main-line prior to the construction of a permanent bridge. The line was placed close to the underpass excavation which was supported by a tie-back sheet pile wall. Because of the stringent requirements associated with the presence of the railway line, the supports were designed on a conservative basis and observations of tie-back loads were taken over a period of 7 months.This note presents the observations of tie-back loads from January to July, 1977. Following installation in accordance with the design requirements, substantial fluctuations in tie-back load were observed for about 3 months. Then the loads fell off gradually to about 50% of the originally applied values. The variation of the load with time bears a strong correlation with average air temperature and is accounted for by the alternate freezing and thawing of the ground adjacent to the sheet pile wall. The ultimate decline in load is attributed to relaxation of the soil behind the wall during spring thaw. The case history draws attention to special requirements associated with interpretation of earth pressure measurements during winter con struction.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Marketing Instruments in the Sphere of Innovative Entrepreneurship and Creative Industries in the City of Kharkiv

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (513) ◽  
pp. 420-434
Author(s):  
M. S. Pasmor ◽  
◽  
S. V. Demchenko ◽  
D. V. Zaitseva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Public Organization ◽  
The Public ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
On Line ◽  
The City

The topic of development and involvement of marketing instruments in business is relevant nowadays. In the era of the Internet, social networks and open information space, it is extremely important for companies and organizations to learn and implement new marketing instruments in order to utilize and fill the communication channels used by modern human in everyday life. Most marketing instruments, applied by the business environment before 2014–2016, are already becoming irrelevant due to the lack of feedback from the younger generation. From the off-line format, the interaction of business – buyer is increasingly moving to the on-line format. Thanks to the rapid development of digitalization in recent years, enterprises have received new channels of communication with their target audience, and, accordingly, new channels of communication and marketing instruments, which are covered in the publication. The article is aimed at theoretical studying the latest marketing instruments and analyzing their introduction into the creative industries of the city of Kharkiv. The latest marketing instruments are analyzed, examples of their use in the modern business environment of Ukraine are provided. Their adaptability is considered and recommendations for their use in commercial structures are made. Systematized and allocated are purely new marketing instruments used by business in the 21st century. The efficiency of their introduction into the activities of companies and organizations is substantiated and proved on specific examples. In addition, special attention is paid to the extended presentation of their use and disclosure of the essence on the example of the public organization «Kharkiv IT Cluster».

scholarly journals Survival Strategies of City Transportation Drivers In Purwokerto Banyumas Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Nur Aini ◽  
Lilis Siti Badriah
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
On Line ◽  
Family Consumption ◽  
The City

According to the Central Statistics Agency (2017), the proportion of workers in the Indonesias informal sector is 57.03 percent in 2017. One of the jobs in the informal sector is city transportation drivers. Purwokerto has a population of 263,501 people in 2017 spreading across four sub-districts. Population needs for transportation are served by city transportation. The existence of the Trans Jateng bus and the growing development of on-line transportation services have reduced consumer demand for urban transportation services. As a consequence, it had an impact on the income of city transportation drivers. This study aimed to analyze the income and consumption, the welfare of life, and survival strategies of city transportation drivers in Purwokerto in meeting their family needs. The total sample of 78 respondents was selected randomly. The analytical methods used in this study were tabulation, Average Propensity to Consume analysis, comparison between income and Decent Standar of Living in Banyumas Regency, and survival strategies using coping strategies. The results indicated that 51.3 percent of respondents had basic income smaller than other income; the basic income of 89.74 percent of respondents had not been able to meet family consumption, but based on family income, it was obtained that 69.23 percent of respondents has been able to meet family consumption; both of basic income and family income of the majority of drivers have not been able to meet a Decent Standard of Living; the survival strategies used by the respondents were active, passive, and network strategies. This study implies that the Regional Government needs to adopt a policy that supports the city transportation drivers in the form of limiting the number of on-line transportations and monitoring the red zones as well as regulating the Trans Jateng Bus lane so that it may not have a negative impact on the city transportation.

Development of a Control Strategy to Reduce Combined Sewerage Overflows: The Case of Bremen – Left of the Weser

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar Khelil ◽  
Stefan Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Survey ◽  
The City

In recent years, the population and authorities in West Germany have become very concerned with water pollution. In this respect, combined sewage discharges have been pointed out as a major source. Various measures can be considered, which can be ordered into three categories: a redefinition of the objectives of the Urban Drainage System (UDS), the reshaping of the UDS (e.g. extension of the storage capacity) or the modification of its operation. Among the latter measures, Real-Time Control (RTC) constitutes the main option. It aims at a better exploitation of the existing storage potential. As the city of Bremen (Germany) decided, several years ago, to renew the on-line survey and monitoring system of its UDS, the determination of on-line strategies to operate the pumps came to the fore. Methods and tools to investigate the possibility to reduce the pollution loads through improved control strategies have been developed. Some results are presented.

On-Line Health Monitoring Research on T-Joint of Main Steam Piping

2013 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Jia ◽  
H.C. Zhang ◽  
X.Y. Hu ◽  
L.P. Cai ◽  
S.T. Tu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Creep Damage ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
On Line ◽  
Main Steam ◽  
Creep Monitoring

The main challenge of long-time creep monitoring on site is a reliable sensor. In this paper, a sensing device is developed specifically for high temperature creep monitoring. And it is applied to on-line monitor the strain of material on T-joint of main steam piping. Its reliability is verified theoretically using the finite element method and experimentally by high temperature on site test. The creep damage of the T joint is evaluated basing on the creep rate sensed by the sensing device. And the residual life is predicted for the piping system using the Monkman-Grant equation. This system is useful for safety assessment procedures in thermal power plant, nuclear power plant and petrochemical industries.

Level of detail parent and dynamic culling scheme for flight simulator

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.3) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Chung Jae Lee ◽  
Kyong Hoon Kim ◽  
Ki Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Small Volume ◽  
Graphic Processing Unit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
On Line ◽  
View Frustum Culling ◽  
The City

Background/Objectives: Due to huge volume of data, it is required to reduce the number of vertices in flight simulator through level of detail and culling. However, it is required to integrate them accordingly.Methods/Statistical analysis: Due to high point of view, terrain data in wide area are usually rendered in the flight simulator. So, conservational level of detail and culling schemes have adaptation problem in flight simulator. To defeat this problem, dynamic culling scheme and level of detail parent method based on line of sight are proposed.Findings: Experiment scenarios are built to measure and compare the frame per second and number of vertices in four separate schemes, that is, scheme without the proposed algorithm, applying view frustum culling and applying culling and level of detail together and graphic processing unit based parallel processing algorithm, respectively. The proposed scheme reveals the similar values in the case of small-volume of terrain data. On the other hand, frame per second is significantly improved in huge volume of terrain data by reducing the number of vertices through dynamic culling and level of detail parent method. Specially, when level of detail parent method is applied to rendering the city with large number of buildings, the proposed scheme reveals the best frame per second among the comparative schemes.Improvements/Applications: Improved rendering algorithm was proposed to handle huge volume of terrain data and thereby to prove the applicability of the proposed scheme in other simulator.  

Preparations for Severe Winter Conditions by Emergency Health Personnel in Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cüneyt Çalışkan ◽  
Aysun Algan ◽  
Hüseyin Koçak ◽  
Burcu Küçük Biçer ◽  
Meltem Şengelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central City ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
City Center ◽  
Ambulance Personnel ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Emergency Medical Personnel ◽  
The City

AbstractObjectiveEmergency and core ambulance personnel work under all environmental conditions, including severe weather condtions. We evaluated emergency medical personnel in Çanakkale, Turkey, for their degree of preparedness.MethodsA descriptive study was conducted in Çanakkale, Turkey, within 112 emergency service units and their 17 district stations. Surveys were developed to measure the level of preparedness for serious winter conditions that individual workers made for themselves, their homes, and their cars.ResultsOf the 167 survey participants, the mean age was 29.8 ± 7.9 years; 52.7% were women; more than half (54.75%) were emergency medical technicians; and 53.3% were married. Only 10.4% of those who heated their homes with natural gas had carbon monoxide detectors. Scores relating to household and individual preparation for severe winter conditions increased by participants’ age (P < .003), being married (P < .000) and working in the city center (P < .021); and for men whose cars were equipped with tow ropes, extra clothing, and snow tires (P < .05). Absenteeism was higher for central-city personnel than district workers because they were less prepared for harsh winter conditions (P = .016).ConclusionMany of the surveyed emergency health personel demonstrated insufficient preparations for serious winter conditions. To increase the safety and efficiency of emergency medical personnel, educational training programs should be rountinely conducted. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-4)

scholarly journals A prática turística no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, em Foz do Iguaçu-PR (Brasil) e os elementos formadores do espaço / The tourist practice at the Iguaçu National Park in Foz do Iguaçu-PR (Brazil) and the space-forming elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (57) ◽  
pp. 561-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Cristina Cunha Souza ◽  
Margarete Cristiane Costa Trindade Amorim
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
On Line ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
The City

O turismo está condicionado a existência de elementos espaciais que possam ser apropriados ou produzidos pela prática turística. A produção do espaço pelo turismo interessa a ciência geográfica e justifica a realização de pesquisas embasadas nos conceitos espaciais. Assim, este artigo discute o turismo como prática espacial, tendo como dimensão empírica de análise o Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (PNI) em Foz do Iguaçu-PR. Da mesma forma, analisa o papel do atrativo Cataratas do Iguaçu, tendo em vista a sua condição pré-existente/natural, na indução dos fluxos de turistas e na promoção de benefícios socioeconômicos para a cidade. A metodologia consistiu na revisão sistemática da literatura, em plataformas acadêmicas on-line e livros, sendo o critério de busca, a abordagem geográfica do turismo na perspectiva da produção do espaço. Também foram utilizados dados secundários de visitação turística, do Produto Interno Bruto e de geração de empregos, obtidos em sites do governo, de instituições turísticas e durante pesquisa de campo realizada na cidade em janeiro de 2018. Os resultados demonstram a relevância do Parque e das Cataratas como os principais elementos formadores do espaço turístico local. Do mesmo modo, foi constatada a contribuição dos investimentos em infraestruturas para promover o destino no segmento de ecoturismo em escala mundial, atraindo mais fluxos de visitantes, deflagrando impactos positivos no PIB setorial, gerando emprego e renda para a população.Palavras–chave: Turismo, Espaço Turístico, Unidades de Conservação da Natureza, Cataratas do Iguaçu.AbstractThe tourism is conditioned by the existence of spatial elements that may be appropriate or produced by tourist practice. The production of space by tourism interests geographic science and justifies research based on spatial concepts. Therefore, this article discusses tourism as a space practice, having as an empirical dimension of analysis the Iguaçu National Park in Foz do Iguaçu-PR (Brazil). Similarly, it analyses the role of the attractive Iguaçu Falls, considering its pre-existing/natural condition, the induction of tourist flows and the promotion of socioeconomic benefits for the city. The methodological procedure consisted in the systematic review of the literature, in online academic platforms and books, being the criterion of search, the geographical approach of tourism in the perspective of the production of the space. Secondary data were used for tourist visitation, Gross Domestic Product and job generation, obtained from government websites, tourist institutions and during a field survey held in the city in January 2018. The results demonstrate the relevance of the Park and the Falls as the main formative elements of the local tourist space. Likewise, the contribution of investments in infrastructure to promote the destination in the ecotourism segment on a world scale, attracting more flows of visitors, provoking positive impacts on the sectoral GDP, generating employment and income for the population was verified.Keywords: Tourism, Tourist Space, Conservation Units, Iguaçu Falls.

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