Development of a Ceramic Particulate Trap for Urban Buses

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Cornetti ◽  
P. P. Messori ◽  
C. Operti
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Ceramic Filter ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Ceramic Particulate ◽  
On Line ◽  
Urban Bus ◽  
The City ◽  
Complete Regeneration ◽  
Fuel Burner

Main aspects concerning the development of a burner-assisted ceramic particulate trap for diesel engines equipping urban buses have been examined. First of all the basic phenomena causing particulate accumulation inside the filter and chemical and physical parameters controlling regeneration have been studied. Then systematic measurements were performed in different running conditions on an urban bus equipped with a ceramic filter using a diesel fuel burner to start regeneration in order to verify the theoretical approach. These tests showed that: (1) The amount of particulate collected by the trap is a function of the different flat and/or hilly circuits inside the city; (2) regeneration has to be started with a proper amount of particulate collected (too little does not allow complete regeneration, too much is dangerous for trap life). Therefore an on-line continuous monitoring system of the particulate collected has been developed. When a certain level is exceeded, the filter is bypassed and regeneration starts. The system is based on the direct measurement of the exhaust flow by means of a Venturi and the pressure loss on the trap. The amount of particulate is defined by real time comparison of Venturi differential pressure and filter pressure loss. Urban buses were purposely designed in order to be equipped with a ceramic particulate trap plus the control unit. Tests of the system have been successfully performed on the buses operated on flat and hilly circuits inside the city.

Design of a PLC-Based Automatic Separate Channel Filter Rod Sampling Detection System

2014 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Wei Ying ◽  
Yu Liang Li ◽  
Guang Zhang ◽  
Ting Fang ◽  
Liang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Separate Channel ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
On Line ◽  
Automatic Machinery ◽  
Data Terminal ◽  
Channel Filter

DF10 filter rod forming machine produced by Italy GD Automatic Machinery Ltd is the world's fastest filter rod maker adopting the design of dual-channel. To achieve automatic sampling detection on line, a PLC-based automatic separate channel filter rod sampling detection system has been designed. Mainly composed of a sampling and launching device, matching tube, receiving device, a test instruments, PLC control unit and data terminal, the system first samples the filter rods from the two channels, then launches them into the test instrument to measure their physical parameters, and after wards send the real-time feedback of testing data to the data terminal. The application results show that the system has the advantages of convenient operation, high stability, safety and reliability. With an effective batch’s completion rate above 98%, it greatly reduces the labor intensity of operators and QC personnel, and significantly improves the quality control capacity of filter rod production.

MEASURE COMPLEX SUPPORTING SAFETY AND EFFECTUVE OPERATION OF MUNICIPAL BUSES UNDER WINTER CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Sergey Bulatov
Keyword(s):  
Residual Life ◽  
Technical State ◽  
Manufacturing Equipment ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
On Line ◽  
State Changes ◽  
The City

The effectiveness of manufacturing equipment use taking into account its productivity and reliability for faulty parts of transmission units in municipal buses is estimated. The on-line mode is the most effective method of control allowing the tracking of the processes of technical state changes in municipal buses. As a result of monitoring there were obtained selected data on PAZ-3205 municipal bus operated under winter conditions in the city of Ohrenburg. During the trip there was recorded 39.1 l/100km petrol consumption. The residual life of the PAZ-3205 municipal bus was 1800km.

scholarly journals The influence of physical parameters on the in-situ metal carbonyl complex formation studied with the Fast On-line Reaction Apparatus (FORA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-281
Author(s):  
Yves Wittwer ◽  
Robert Eichler ◽  
Dominik Herrmann ◽  
Andreas Türler
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Metal Carbonyl ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Carbonyl Complex ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Fast On-line Reaction Apparatus (FORA) was used to investigate the influence of various reaction parameters onto the formation and transport of metal carbonyl complexes (MCCs) under single-atom chemistry conditions. FORA is based on a 252Cf-source producing short-lived Mo, Tc, Ru and Rh isotopes. Those are recoiling from the spontaneous fission source into a reaction chamber flushed with a gas-mixture containing CO. Upon contact with CO, fission products form volatile MCCs which are further transported by the gas stream to the detection setup, consisting of a charcoal trap mounted in front of a HPGe γ-detector. Depending on the reaction conditions, MCCs are formed and transported with different efficiencies. Using this setup, the impact of varying physical parameters like gas flow, gas pressure, kinetic energy of fission products upon entering the reaction chamber and temperature of the reaction chamber on the formation and transport yields of MCCs was investigated. Using a setup similar to FORA called Miss Piggy, various gas mixtures of CO with a selection of noble gases, as well as N2 and H2, were investigated with respect to their effect onto MCC formation and transport. Based on this measurements, optimized reaction conditions to maximize the synthesis and transport of MCCs are suggested. Explanations for the observed results supported by simulations are suggested as well.

Study on Experimental System for High Temperature Ceramic Filter

2013 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Yun Lei Li ◽  
Ling Bo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Ceramic Filter ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Hot Coal Gas ◽  
On Line ◽  
Reverse Pulse ◽  
High Dust ◽  
Pulse Jet

High temperature ceramic filter is designed and implemented for purification of hot coal gas, and then an experimental system is build in order to test its filtration performance. The reverse-pulse-jet-cleaning is introduced in detail. Finally, field experiment has been carried out and the results show that the ceramic filter keeps a high dust control efficiency and long on-line stability.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Marketing Instruments in the Sphere of Innovative Entrepreneurship and Creative Industries in the City of Kharkiv

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (513) ◽  
pp. 420-434
Author(s):  
M. S. Pasmor ◽  
◽  
S. V. Demchenko ◽  
D. V. Zaitseva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Public Organization ◽  
The Public ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
On Line ◽  
The City

The topic of development and involvement of marketing instruments in business is relevant nowadays. In the era of the Internet, social networks and open information space, it is extremely important for companies and organizations to learn and implement new marketing instruments in order to utilize and fill the communication channels used by modern human in everyday life. Most marketing instruments, applied by the business environment before 2014–2016, are already becoming irrelevant due to the lack of feedback from the younger generation. From the off-line format, the interaction of business – buyer is increasingly moving to the on-line format. Thanks to the rapid development of digitalization in recent years, enterprises have received new channels of communication with their target audience, and, accordingly, new channels of communication and marketing instruments, which are covered in the publication. The article is aimed at theoretical studying the latest marketing instruments and analyzing their introduction into the creative industries of the city of Kharkiv. The latest marketing instruments are analyzed, examples of their use in the modern business environment of Ukraine are provided. Their adaptability is considered and recommendations for their use in commercial structures are made. Systematized and allocated are purely new marketing instruments used by business in the 21st century. The efficiency of their introduction into the activities of companies and organizations is substantiated and proved on specific examples. In addition, special attention is paid to the extended presentation of their use and disclosure of the essence on the example of the public organization «Kharkiv IT Cluster».

scholarly journals Survival Strategies of City Transportation Drivers In Purwokerto Banyumas Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Nur Aini ◽  
Lilis Siti Badriah
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
On Line ◽  
Family Consumption ◽  
The City

According to the Central Statistics Agency (2017), the proportion of workers in the Indonesias informal sector is 57.03 percent in 2017. One of the jobs in the informal sector is city transportation drivers. Purwokerto has a population of 263,501 people in 2017 spreading across four sub-districts. Population needs for transportation are served by city transportation. The existence of the Trans Jateng bus and the growing development of on-line transportation services have reduced consumer demand for urban transportation services. As a consequence, it had an impact on the income of city transportation drivers. This study aimed to analyze the income and consumption, the welfare of life, and survival strategies of city transportation drivers in Purwokerto in meeting their family needs. The total sample of 78 respondents was selected randomly. The analytical methods used in this study were tabulation, Average Propensity to Consume analysis, comparison between income and Decent Standar of Living in Banyumas Regency, and survival strategies using coping strategies. The results indicated that 51.3 percent of respondents had basic income smaller than other income; the basic income of 89.74 percent of respondents had not been able to meet family consumption, but based on family income, it was obtained that 69.23 percent of respondents has been able to meet family consumption; both of basic income and family income of the majority of drivers have not been able to meet a Decent Standard of Living; the survival strategies used by the respondents were active, passive, and network strategies. This study implies that the Regional Government needs to adopt a policy that supports the city transportation drivers in the form of limiting the number of on-line transportations and monitoring the red zones as well as regulating the Trans Jateng Bus lane so that it may not have a negative impact on the city transportation.

scholarly journals A New Wearable System for Sensing Outdoor Environmental Conditions for Monitoring Hyper-Microclimate

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Roberta Jacoby Cureau ◽  
Ilaria Pigliautile ◽  
Anna Laura Pisello
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Wearable System ◽  
New Device

The rapid urbanization process brings consequences to urban environments, such poor air quality and the urban heat island issues. Due to these effects, environmental monitoring is gaining attention with the aim of identifying local risks and improving cities’ liveability and resilience. However, these environments are very heterogeneous, and high-spatial-resolution data are needed to identify the intra-urban variations of physical parameters. Recently, wearable sensing techniques have been used to perform microscale monitoring, but they usually focus on one environmental physics domain. This paper presents a new wearable system developed to monitor key multidomain parameters related to the air quality, thermal, and visual domains, on a hyperlocal scale from a pedestrian’s perspective. The system consisted of a set of sensors connected to a control unit settled on a backpack and could be connected via Wi-Fi to any portable equipment. The device was prototyped to guarantee the easy sensors maintenance, and a user-friendly dashboard facilitated a real-time monitoring overview. Several tests were conducted to confirm the reliability of the sensors. The new device will allow comprehensive environmental monitoring and multidomain comfort investigations to be carried out, which can support urban planners to face the negative effects of urbanization and to crowd data sourcing in smart cities.

Combustion Turbine Exhaust Duct, Silencer, and Stack Scale Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Craven ◽  
Keith Kirkpatrick ◽  
Stephen Idem
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Total Pressure Loss ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Exhaust Duct ◽  
On Line

Abstract After constructing a scale model of planned changes to a power plant exhaust system, tests were performed to measure pressure losses in the transition, silencer, and stack. A dimension of 0.30 m (1.0 ft) for the scale model corresponded to 3.7 m (12.0 ft) at full scale. To the extent possible, the scale model tests exhibited geometric similarity with the actual power plant. Total pressure loss coefficients varied between 2.122, 1.969, and 1.932, for three separate scale model configurations that were considered. A combination of turning vanes and splitter vanes in the five-gore elbow, coupled with the use of turning vanes in the rectangular elbow yielded the lowest total pressure loss. Although Reynolds number similarity between the scale model experiments and the actual power plant was not attained, Reynolds number independence was achieved in the tests. The results from this study was applied to model pressure loss in the actual power plant. The scale model testing revealed that utilization of the exhaust ducting design designated as Case A would yield a sufficiently low pressure loss that it would not degrade the performance of the combustion turbine in the power plant to be repaired. Therefore it was selected for inclusion in the retro-fitting of the power plant to facilitate its being quickly brought back on-line.

The Formation and Development of the Public Bus Transport Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Irina Shlepp ◽  
Tamara Oganesyan
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
The Public ◽  
Route Network ◽  
Grouping Method ◽  
Urban Bus ◽  
Bus Services ◽  
The City ◽  
Bus Transport

The paper presents a detailed analysis of the market development stages of public transport bus services. Establishment of a new management model on the urban ground public transport entails a need to create a competitive market, through effective distribution of the city route network. As part of this goal we propose the route grouping method based on weighted average profitability and investigate some Moscow route network. The analysis and classification of these routes can determine the degree of variation in the route profitability. Drawing on the data obtained, we offer certain conclusions concerning the feasibility of a more detailed diversification of route portfolio followed by its further distribution among passenger carriers on regular urban bus routes.

Embedded PC On-Line Inspection System on NC Equipment

2016 ◽  
Vol 693 ◽  
pp. 1646-1650
Author(s):  
Yong Xiang Jiang ◽  
San Peng Deng ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Jing Ran Guo ◽  
Qiu Li
Keyword(s):  
Control Unit ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Nc System ◽  
Intelligent Measurement ◽  
Nc Machine ◽  
On Line ◽  
Embedded Pc ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

Based on open NC system architecture, embedded condition monitoring and diagnosis units were studied with the characteristics of modularization and reconfigurable. The intelligent measurement and control unit can be used to on-line monitoring, fault early warming, intelligent diagnosis and remote maintenance, it provied a solution for group integration monitoring system construction of high-grade NC machine. In this paper, the implementation and function of the intelligent measurement and control unit were introduced from 4 aspects including whole framework, hardware, software and XPE OS. An example of cutting force on-line monitoring were given, which operate well for alarming in unstable cutting condition.

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